(5)    Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

Amortization expense related to the existing finite-lived intangible assets is expected to be as follows (in thousands) for the fiscal years ended January 31:

Amortization expense related to intangible assets in the aggregate was $38.6 million, $116.1 million for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2023, respectively, and, $43.4 million and $128.2 million the three and nine months ended October 31, 2022, respectively.

Impairment Review Requirements

The Company reviews intangible assets subject to amortization if any adverse conditions exist or a change in circumstances has occurred that would indicate impairment or a change in remaining useful life. The Company reviews indefinite lived intangible assets, including goodwill, on the annual impairment test date ( January 1) or more frequently if there are indicators of impairment.

In connection with the impairment evaluation, the Company may first consider qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances indicates that it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than 50%) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Performing a quantitative goodwill and indefinite lived intangible impairment test is not necessary if an entity determines based on this assessment that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the Company fails or elects to bypass the qualitative assessment, the goodwill impairment test must be performed. This test requires a comparison of the carrying value of the reporting unit to its estimated fair value. If the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss equal to the difference is recorded, not to exceed the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. In determining reporting units, the Company first identifies its operating segments, and then assesses whether any components of these segments constitute a business for which discrete financial information is available and where segment management regularly reviews the operating results of that component.

The Company completed the qualitative assessment discussed above for the nine months ended October 31, 2023 and concluded that there were not indicators of impairment for our reporting units.

A roll forward of goodwill is as follows:

As of October 31, 2023, there was $569.3 million and $72.1 million of accumulated impairment losses for the Content & Platform (formerly referred to as Skillsoft Content) and Instructor-Led Training (formerly referred to as Global Knowledge) segments, respectively.

If current discount rates rise or if relevant market-based inputs for our impairment assessment worsen during the remainder of fiscal 2024, and if our stock price and market capitalization remain at current levels for a prolonged period of time, we will need to reassess intangible impairment at the end of each quarter. Subsequent reviews of goodwill and intangibles could result in impairment during fiscal 2024. Factors that could result in an impairment include, but are not limited to, the following: