(3) Business Combinations

(a) Software Luxembourg Holding S.A. (“Predecessor” or “Skillsoft Legacy”)

On June 11, 2021, Software Luxembourg Holding S.A. merged with and into Churchill Capital Corp II (Churchill) which subsequently changed its name to Skillsoft Corp.

The Skillsoft Merger was considered a business combination under ASC 805, Business Combinations and was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting, whereby Churchill was determined to be the accounting acquirer based on their rights to nominate six members of the initial Board of Directors, the size of their voting interest and their rights to appoint the Chief Executive Officer of Skillsoft Corp. and other members of management of the combined company prior to closing.

Under the acquisition method, the acquisition date fair value of the consideration paid by the Company was allocated to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values.

The following summarizes the purchase consideration (in thousands):

The Company recorded the fair value of the purchase price to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows (in thousands):

The final values allocated to identifiable intangible assets and their estimated useful lives are as follows (in thousands):

Values and useful lives assigned to intangible assets were based on estimated value and use of these assets by a market participant. The customer relationships and backlog were valued using the income approach. The trade names were valued using the relief from royalty method. The content and software were valued using the replacement cost approach.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired. The Company determined that the acquisition of the Predecessor resulted in the recognition of goodwill primarily because the acquisition was expected to help the Company meet its long-term operating profitability objectives through achievement of synergies. The majority of goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.

The acquired intangible assets and goodwill are subject to review for impairment if indicators of impairment develop and, in the case of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, at least annually.

The Company incurred $9.8 million in acquisition-related costs, which primarily consisted of transaction fees and legal, accounting and other professional services. Approximately $4.3 million was reported in the period from February 1, 2021 through June 11, 2021 (Predecessor) and $5.5 million was reported in the period from June 12, 2021 through January 31, 2022 (Successor). These costs are included in the "acquisition and integration related costs" in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

(b) Albert DE Holdings, Inc. (“GK”)

On June 11, 2021, GK and its subsidiaries were acquired by Skillsoft, in conjunction with, and just subsequent to, its merger with Churchill Capital Corp II (then becoming the merged Company).

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under ASC 805, Business Combinations, utilizing the acquisition method. Under the acquisition method, the acquisition date fair value of the consideration paid by the Company was allocated to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values.

The following summarized the purchase consideration (in thousands):

The Company recorded the fair value of the purchase price to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows (in thousands):

The final values allocated to identifiable intangible assets and their estimated useful lives are as follows (in thousands):

Values and useful lives assigned to intangible assets were based on estimated value and use of these assets by a market participant. The customer relationships and vendor relationships were valued using the income approach. The trade name was valued using the relief from royalty method. The courseware and proprietary delivery software were valued using the replacement cost approach.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired. The Company determined that the acquisition of GK resulted in the recognition of goodwill primarily because the acquisition was expected to help the Company meet its long-term operating profitability objectives through achievement of synergies. The majority of goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.

The acquired intangible assets and goodwill are subject to review for impairment if indicators of impairment develop and otherwise at least annually.

For the year ended January 31, 2022, the Company incurred $1.0 million in acquisition-related costs, which primarily consisted of transaction fees and legal, accounting and other professional services, substantially all of which were reported in the period from June 12, 2021 through January 31, 2022 (Successor). During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 (Successor) the Company incurred an additional $3.0 million in acquisition-related costs in relation to the integration of GK. These costs are included in the "acquisition and integration related costs" in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

(c) Ryzac, Inc. (“Codecademy”)

On April 4, 2022, the Company acquired Codecademy, a learning platform providing high-demand technical skills to approximately 40 million registered learners in nearly every country worldwide. The platform offers interactive, self-paced courses and hands-on learning in 14 programming languages across multiple domains such as application development, data science, cloud and cybersecurity.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under ASC 805, Business Combinations, utilizing the acquisition method. Under the acquisition method, the acquisition date fair value of the consideration paid by the Company was allocated to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values.

The following summarizes the purchase consideration (in thousands):

The Company recorded the fair value of the purchase price to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows (in thousands):

The values allocated to identifiable intangible assets and their estimated useful lives are as follows (in thousands):

Values and useful lives assigned to intangible assets were based on estimated value and use of these assets by a market participant. The customer relationships were valued using the income approach. The trade name was valued using the relief from royalty method. The courseware and proprietary delivery software were valued using the replacement cost approach.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired. The Company determined that the acquisition of Codecademy resulted in the recognition of goodwill primarily because the acquisition was expected to help the Company meet its long-term operating profitability objectives through achievement of synergies. The majority of goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.

The acquired intangible assets and goodwill are subject to review for impairment if indicators of impairment develop and otherwise at least annually.

In the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023 (Successor), the Company incurred $10.7 million in acquisition-related costs, which primarily consisted of transaction fees and legal, accounting, and other professional services. These costs are included in the "acquisition and integration related costs" in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Other Acquisitions

On June 30, 2021, the Company acquired Pluma, Inc., the products and services of which subsequent to the acquisition are referred to as "Skillsoft Coaching". The acquisition enhanced the Company’s leadership development offerings, added a new modality to its blended learning model, and allowed the Company to offer a premium individualized coaching experience. Cash paid for Pluma in the Successor period was lower than the agreed upon purchase price of Pluma for $22 million due to a contractual holdback and working capital adjustment. The fair value of the net assets acquired included $17.8 million of goodwill and $8.7 million of identified intangible assets, which had a weighted average life of 7.4 years. The goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. Pro forma information and acquisition expenses have not been presented below because such information is not material to the financial statements.

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

The unaudited pro forma financial information below is presented in accordance with Regulation S-X, Article 11 to enhance comparability for all periods by including operating results for Skillsoft, Global Knowledge and Codecademy as if the transactions had closed on February 1, 2021 (in thousands):

The unaudited pro forma financial information does not assume any impacts from revenue, cost, or other operating synergies that could be generated as a result of the combinations. The unaudited pro forma financial information is for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved had the acquisitions been consummated on February 1, 2021. The pro forma financial information includes adjustments to reflect intangible asset amortization based on the economic values derived from definite-lived intangible assets and interest expense on the new debt financing. Other pro forma adjustments include the following: