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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 12, 2021
Registration No. 333-252365
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
AMENDMENT NO. 2
TO
FORM S-4
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
CHURCHILL CAPITAL CORP II
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
6770
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
83-4388331
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
640 Fifth Avenue, 12th Floor
New York, NY 10019
Telephone: (212) 380-7500
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Peter Seibold
c/o Churchill Capital Corp II
640 Fifth Avenue, 12th Floor
New York, NY 10019
Telephone: (212) 380-7500
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
Ross A. Fieldston
Raphael M. Russo
Kenneth M. Schneider
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton &
Garrison LLP
1285 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10019
Telephone: (212) 373-3000
John Frederick
Software Luxembourg Holding S.A.
Bijou, 17 Boulevard Raiffeisen
L-2411 Luxembourg
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
R.C.S Luxembourg: B246188
Telephone: (857) 317-7700
Jaclyn L. Cohen
Mariel E. Cruz
Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP
767 Fifth Avenue
New York, NY 10153
Telephone: (212) 310-8000
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale of the securities to the public: As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective and upon completion of the merger.
If the securities being registered on this Form are being offered in connection with the formation of a holding company and there is compliance with General Instruction G, check the following box:   ☐
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ☐

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If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.   ☐
If applicable, place an ☒ in the box to designate the appropriate rule provision relied upon in conducting this transaction:
Exchange Act Rule 13e-4(i) (Cross-Border Issuer Tender Offer)   ☐
Exchange Act Rule 14d-1(d) (Cross-Border Third-Party Tender Offer)   ☐
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of each class of securities to be
registered
Amount
to be
registered
Proposed maximum
offering price
per share
Proposed maximum
aggregate
offering price
Amount of
registration fee(6)
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
28,500,000(1) $ 10.63 $ 302,955,000(2) $ 33,052,39(3)
Class C Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
3,840,000(4) $ 136.72 $ 525,000,000(5) $ 57,277.50(3)
(1)
Based on the maximum number of shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Churchill Class A common stock”), of the registrant (“Churchill”) estimated to be issued in connection with the merger described herein (the “Merger”).
(2)
Pursuant to Rules 457(c), 457(f)(1) and 457(f)(3) promulgated under the Securities Act and solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee, the proposed maximum aggregate offering price is $302,955,000, calculated as the product of (i) 28,500,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock, the estimated maximum number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock that may be issued in the Merger in exchange for cancelled shares of Skillsoft (calculated as shown in note (1) above) and (ii) $10.63, the average of the high and low trading prices of Churchill Class A common stock on January 15, 2021 (within five business days prior to the date of this Registration Statement).
(3)
Calculated pursuant to Rule 457 of the Securities Act by multiplying the proposed maximum aggregate offering price of securities to be registered by 0.0001091.
(4)
Based on the maximum number of shares of Churchill Class C common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Churchill Class C common stock”), of Churchill estimated to be issued in connection with the Merger. Immediately following the effective time of the Merger, each outstanding share of Churchill Class C common stock issued in connection with the Merger will be redeemed for a combination of cash and incremental indebtedness as described herein.
(5)
Pursuant to Rule 457(f) promulgated under the Securities Act and solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee, the proposed maximum aggregate offering price is an amount equal to $525,000,000, the aggregate redemption price in cash and incremental indebtedness for the Churchill Class C common stock issued in connection with the Merger.
(6)
The registrant previously paid the registration fee in connection with a prior filing of this Registration Statement.

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The information in this preliminary joint proxy statement/prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary joint proxy statement/prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
PRELIMINARY JOINT PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS
DATED MAY 12, 2021, SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
[MISSING IMAGE: lg_churchill-4clr.jpg]
[MISSING IMAGE: lg_skillsoft-bwlr.jpg]
Dear Stockholders of Churchill Capital Corp II and Shareholders of Software Luxembourg Holding S.A.:
On October 12, 2020, Churchill Capital Corp II, a Delaware corporation (“Churchill”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (as it may be amended and/or restated from time to time, the “Skillsoft Merger Agreement”) with Software Luxembourg Holding S.A., a public limited liability company (société anonyme), incorporated and organized under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, having its registered office at Bijou, 17 Boulevard Raiffeisen, L-2411 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, and registered with the Luxembourg Register of Commerce and Companies (Registre de Commerce et des Sociétés, Luxembourg) under number B246188 (“Skillsoft”). If the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby are adopted by Skillsoft’s shareholders, the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the issuance of Churchill Class A common stock and Churchill Class C common stock to be issued as the merger consideration, are approved by Churchill’s stockholders, and the business combination is subsequently completed, Skillsoft will merge with and into Churchill, Skillsoft will cease to exist and Skillsoft’s subsidiaries will become subsidiaries of Churchill (the “Merger”).
At the effective time of the Merger, (i) each outstanding Skillsoft Class A Share (other than shares owned by Churchill, which will be automatically canceled and retired and will cease to exist, and no consideration will be delivered in exchange therefor) will be automatically cancelled and Churchill will issue as consideration therefor (A) 6.25 shares of Churchill Class A common stock and (B) one share of Churchill Class C common stock and (ii) each outstanding Skillsoft Class B Share will be automatically cancelled and Churchill will issue as consideration therefor 28.125 shares of Churchill Class A common stock, in each case except for any fractional shares of Churchill Class A common stock which would result from conversion (which will instead be paid out in cash in accordance with the Skillsoft Merger Agreement; such payment in cash will not represent separately bargained-for consideration, and will not exceed ten percent (10%) of the nominal value of the shares issued by Churchill in the context of the Merger in accordance with Article 1020-3 of the Luxembourg Law of 10 August 1915 regarding commercial companies, as amended (the “Luxembourg Companies’ Law”)). Immediately following the effective time of the Merger, each outstanding share of Churchill Class C common stock issued to the former holders of Skillsoft Class A Shares in connection with the Merger will be redeemed for a redemption price of (i) $131.51 per share in cash and (ii) $5.208 per share in incremental indebtedness (the “Incremental Loans”) under that certain Senior Secured Second Out Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of August 27, 2020, by and among Software Luxembourg Intermediate S.à r.l., as the parent borrower, the other borrower party thereto, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB, as the administrative agent and collateral agent, as amended (the “Existing Second Out Credit Agreement”).
The exchange ratio is fixed and will not be adjusted for changes in the market price of Churchill Class A common stock between the date of signing of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the closing of the Merger. Based on the number of Skillsoft Class A Shares outstanding and Skillsoft Class B Shares outstanding, in each case as of            , 2021, the total number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock expected to be issued in connection with the Merger is approximately       , and holders of Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares as of immediately prior to the closing of the Merger will hold, in the aggregate, approximately       % of the issued and outstanding shares of Churchill Class A common stock immediately following the closing of the PIPE Investments and the Merger assuming no redemptions by holders of Churchill Class A common stock. Churchill’s units, Churchill Class A common stock and Churchill’s public warrants are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”). Churchill intends to apply to list Churchill Class A common stock and Churchill’s public warrants on the NYSE under the symbols “SKIL” and “SKIL.WS”, respectively, upon the closing of the Merger. Churchill will not have units traded following closing of the Merger. Following the closing of the Merger, Churchill intends to change its name to “Skillsoft Corp.”
Concurrently with its entry into the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, Churchill also entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with Magnet Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Churchill, and Albert DE Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Global Knowledge Merger Agreement”) for the acquisition of Albert DE Holdings Inc. (“Global Knowledge”), which acquisition is conditioned upon, among other things, the consummation of the Merger. The Merger is not conditioned upon the consummation of the proposed Global Knowledge Merger. Although Churchill stockholders and Skillsoft shareholders are not voting on the Global Knowledge Merger, we provide information in this joint proxy statement/prospectus (including business description, risk factors, management’s discussion and analysis of Global Knowledge, and pro forma information) about Global Knowledge given the qualitative and quantitative impact that the Global Knowledge Merger will have on the Post-Combination Company following the Merger. In connection with the execution of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the Global

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Knowledge Merger Agreement, Churchill entered into subscription agreements with certain parties subscribing for an aggregate of up to 53,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock at a purchase price of $10.00 per share for an aggregate purchase price of up to $530.0 million, subject to certain conditions and subject to the right of MIH Learning B.V., as assignee of the rights and obligations of MIH Edtech Investments B.V. (formerly known as MIH Ventures B.V.) under the Prosus Subscription Agreement (“Prosus”) to purchase a number of additional shares of Churchill Class A common stock, at $10.00 per share, that would result in it maintaining beneficial ownership of at least 35% of the issued and outstanding shares of Churchill Class A common stock on a fully-diluted and as-converted basis (excluding any warrants issued to Prosus pursuant to its subscription agreement) as of immediately following the closing. See “Other Agreements — Subscription Agreements.”
Churchill will hold a special meeting of stockholders (the “Churchill Special Meeting”) and Skillsoft will hold an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders (the “Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting”), in each case to consider matters relating to the proposed Merger. Churchill and Skillsoft cannot complete the Merger unless Churchill’s stockholders consent to the approval of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the issuance of Churchill Class A common stock and Churchill Class C common stock to be issued as the merger consideration, and Skillsoft’s shareholders consent to adoption and approval of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, as well as other documents required under the Luxembourg Companies’ Law, and the transactions contemplated thereby. Churchill and Skillsoft are sending you this joint proxy statement/prospectus to ask you to vote in favor of these and the other matters described in this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
The Churchill Special Meeting will be held at 9:00 a.m. eastern time, on            , 2021, in virtual format.
The Churchill board of directors has unanimously approved the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby and recommends that Churchill stockholders vote “FOR” the approval of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, “FOR” the issuance of Churchill Class A common stock and Churchill Class C common stock to be issued as the merger consideration and “FOR” the other matters to be considered at the Churchill Special Meeting.
The Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting will be held at             Central European Time, on            , 2021, subject to and in accordance with any applicable COVID-19 restrictions in place on the date of such extraordinary general meeting (as further detailed in the Convening Notice provided with this letter).
The Skillsoft board of directors has unanimously approved the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby and recommends that Skillsoft shareholders adopt and approve in all respects the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby.
This joint proxy statement/prospectus provides you with detailed information about the proposed Merger. It also contains or references information about Churchill and Skillsoft and certain related matters. You are encouraged to read this joint proxy statement/prospectus carefully. In particular, you should read the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 36 for a discussion of the risks you should consider in evaluating the proposed Merger and how it will affect you.
Sincerely,
Michael Klein
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors
Churchill Capital Corp II
Ronald W. Hovsepian
Director — Authorised Signatory
Software Luxembourg Holding S.A
Additional Information for Churchill Stockholders:
YOUR VOTE IS VERY IMPORTANT, REGARDLESS OF THE NUMBER OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK YOU OWN. To ensure your representation at the Churchill Special Meeting, please complete and return the enclosed proxy card or submit your proxy by following the instructions contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus and on your proxy card. Please submit your proxy promptly whether or not you expect to attend the meeting. Submitting a proxy now will NOT prevent you from being able to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the meeting. If you hold your shares in “street name,” you should instruct your broker, bank or other nominee how to vote in accordance with the voting instruction form you receive from your broker, bank or other nominee.
If you are a Churchill stockholder and you have any questions regarding the accompanying joint proxy statement/prospectus, you may contact Mackenzie Partners, Inc., Churchill’s proxy solicitor, at (800) 322-2885.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the Merger, the issuance of shares of Churchill Class A common stock and Churchill Class C common stock in connection with the Merger or the other transactions described in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of the disclosure in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
This joint proxy statement/prospectus is dated            , 2021, and is first being mailed to stockholders of Churchill and shareholders of Skillsoft on or about            , 2021.

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CHURCHILL CAPITAL CORP II
640 Fifth Avenue, 12th Floor
New York, NY 10019
NOTICE OF
SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
TO BE HELD ON            , 2021
TO THE STOCKHOLDERS OF CHURCHILL CAPITAL CORP II:
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that a special meeting of stockholders of Churchill Capital Corp II (“Churchill”), a Delaware corporation, will be held at 9:00 a.m. eastern time, on            , 2021, in virtual format (the “Churchill Special Meeting”). You are cordially invited to attend the Churchill Special Meeting, which will be held for the following purposes:
(1)
The Merger Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 12, 2020 (as it may be amended and/or restated from time to time, the “Skillsoft Merger Agreement”), by and among Churchill and Software Luxembourg Holding S.A. (“Skillsoft”), and the transactions contemplated thereby, pursuant to which Skillsoft will merge with and into Churchill, Skillsoft will cease to exist and Skillsoft’s subsidiaries will become subsidiaries of Churchill (the “Merger”). A copy of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement is attached to this joint proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A (Proposal No. 1);
(2)
The Merger Issuance Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve, for purposes of complying with applicable listing rules of the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”), the issuance of shares of Churchill Class A common stock and Churchill Class C common stock pursuant to the Skillsoft Merger Agreement (Proposal No. 2);
(3)
The Charter Amendment Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to adopt an amendment (the “Charter Amendment”) to Churchill’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation currently in effect (the “Existing Charter”) in the form attached hereto as Annex B (Proposal No. 3);
(4)
The Charter Approval Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to adopt the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Proposed Charter”) in the form attached hereto as Annex C (Proposal No. 4);
(5)
The Governance Proposal — To consider and act upon, on a non-binding advisory basis, a separate proposal with respect to certain governance provisions in the Proposed Charter in order to give holders of Churchill common stock the opportunity to present their separate views on important corporate governance procedures (Proposal No. 5);
(6)
The Director Election Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to elect seven directors to serve on the Board of Directors of the Post-Combination Company (the “Board”) until the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders, in the case of Class I directors, the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, in the case of Class II directors, and the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders, in the case of Class III directors, and, in each case, until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified (Proposal No. 6);
(7)
The Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve, for purposes of complying with the applicable listing rules of the NYSE, the issuance of shares of Churchill Class A common stock pursuant to the Prosus Subscription Agreement (including the shares issuable (i) upon Prosus’s exercise of the Prosus Top-Up Right and (ii) upon Prosus’s exercise of the Prosus Warrants (each as defined herein)) (Proposal No. 7);
(8)
The SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve, for purposes of complying with the applicable listing rules of the NYSE, the issuance of shares of Churchill Class A common stock pursuant to the SuRo Subscription Agreement (as defined herein) (Proposal No. 8);
 

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(9)
The Incentive Plan Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve and adopt the Incentive Plan (as defined herein) (Proposal No. 9); and
(10)
The Adjournment Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve the adjournment of the Churchill Special Meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary, to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies in the event that there are insufficient votes for, or otherwise in connection with, the approval of the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal or the Incentive Plan Proposal, or we determine that one or more of the closing conditions to the Skillsoft Merger Agreement is not satisfied or waived (Proposal No. 10).
These items of business are described in the attached joint proxy statement/prospectus, which we encourage you to read in its entirety before voting. Only holders of record of Churchill common stock at the close of business on April 28, 2021 (the “Churchill Record Date”) are entitled to notice of the Churchill Special Meeting and to vote and have their votes counted at the Churchill Special Meeting and any adjournments or postponements of the Churchill Special Meeting.
Pursuant to Churchill’s Existing Charter, Churchill will provide holders of its Public Shares with the opportunity to redeem their Public Shares for cash equal to their pro rata share of the aggregate amount on deposit in Churchill’s trust account, which holds the proceeds of the Churchill IPO (as defined herein), as of two business days prior to the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Proposal (including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to Churchill to fund its working capital requirements, subject to an annual limit of $250,000, and/or to pay its taxes) in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. For illustrative purposes, based on funds in the trust account of approximately $697.0 million on April 28, 2021, the estimated per share redemption price would have been approximately $10.10, excluding additional interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to Churchill to fund its working capital requirements and/or pay taxes. Public stockholders (as defined herein) may elect to redeem their shares even if they vote for the Merger Proposal. A holder of Public Shares, together with any affiliate of his or any other person with whom he is acting in concert or as a “group” ​(as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from seeking redemption rights with respect to more than 15% of the Public Shares without the consent of Churchill. Accordingly, all Public Shares in excess of 15% held by a public stockholder, together with any affiliate of such holder or any other person with whom such holder is acting in concert or as a “group,” will not be redeemed for cash without the consent of Churchill. Churchill Sponsor II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sponsor”), and Churchill’s directors and officers have agreed to waive their redemption rights in connection with the consummation of the Merger with respect to any shares of Churchill common stock they may hold. Currently, the Sponsor owns 20% of Churchill common stock, consisting of the Founder Shares (as defined herein). Founder Shares will be excluded from the pro rata calculation used to determine the per-share redemption price. The Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have agreed to vote any shares of Churchill common stock owned by them in favor of each of the proposals presented at the Churchill Special Meeting.
After careful consideration, Churchill’s board of directors (the “Churchill Board”) has determined that the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Governance Proposal, the Director Election Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal are fair to and in the best interests of Churchill and its stockholders and unanimously recommends that you vote or give instruction to vote “FOR” the Merger Proposal, “FOR” the Merger Issuance Proposal, “FOR” the Charter Amendment Proposal, “FOR” the Charter Approval Proposal, “FOR” the Governance Proposal, “FOR” the election of each of the seven director nominees in the Director Election Proposal, “FOR” the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, “FOR” the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, “FOR” the Incentive Plan Proposal and “FOR” the Adjournment Proposal, if presented.
Consummation of the Merger is conditioned on approval of each of the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal and the Incentive Plan Proposal. If any of these proposals is not approved, the other proposals, except the Adjournment Proposal, will not be presented to
 

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stockholders for a vote. If the Adjournment Proposal is approved, the Churchill Special Meeting will be adjourned to a later date or dates to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies. The joint proxy statement/prospectus accompanying this notice explains the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, as well as the proposals to be considered at the Churchill Special Meeting. Please review the joint proxy statement/prospectus carefully.
All Churchill stockholders are cordially invited to attend the Churchill Special Meeting in virtual format. Churchill Stockholders may attend, vote and examine the list of Churchill stockholders entitled to vote at the Churchill Special Meeting by visiting and entering the control number found on their proxy card, voting instruction form or notice included in their proxy materials. In light of public health concerns regarding the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, the Churchill Special Meeting will be held in virtual meeting format only. You will not be able to attend the Churchill Special Meeting physically. To ensure your representation at the Churchill Special Meeting, you are urged to complete, sign, date and return the enclosed proxy card as soon as possible. If your shares are held in an account at a brokerage firm or bank, you must instruct your broker or bank on how to vote your shares.
Your vote is important regardless of the number of shares you own. Whether you plan to attend the Churchill Special Meeting or not, please sign, date and return the enclosed proxy card as soon as possible in the envelope provided. If your shares are held in “street name” or are in a margin or similar account, you should contact your broker to ensure that votes related to the shares you beneficially own are properly counted.
Thank you for your participation. We look forward to your continued support.
By Order of the Board of Directors
   
Michael Klein
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors
        , 2021
IF YOU RETURN YOUR PROXY CARD WITHOUT AN INDICATION OF HOW YOU WISH TO VOTE, YOUR SHARES WILL BE VOTED IN FAVOR OF EACH OF THE PROPOSALS. TO EXERCISE YOUR REDEMPTION RIGHTS, YOU MUST ELECT TO HAVE CHURCHILL REDEEM YOUR SHARES FOR A PRO RATA PORTION OF THE FUNDS HELD IN THE TRUST ACCOUNT AND TENDER YOUR SHARES TO CHURCHILL’S TRANSFER AGENT AT LEAST TWO (2) BUSINESS DAYS PRIOR TO THE VOTE AT THE CHURCHILL SPECIAL MEETING. YOU MAY TENDER YOUR SHARES BY EITHER DELIVERING YOUR SHARE CERTIFICATE TO THE TRANSFER AGENT OR BY DELIVERING YOUR SHARES ELECTRONICALLY USING THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY’S DWAC (DEPOSIT AND WITHDRAWAL AT CUSTODIAN) SYSTEM. IF THE MERGER IS NOT COMPLETED, THEN THESE SHARES WILL NOT BE REDEEMED FOR CASH. IF YOU HOLD THE SHARES IN STREET NAME, YOU WILL NEED TO INSTRUCT THE ACCOUNT EXECUTIVE AT YOUR BANK OR BROKER TO WITHDRAW THE SHARES FROM YOUR ACCOUNT IN ORDER TO EXERCISE YOUR REDEMPTION RIGHTS. SEE “CHURCHILL SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS — REDEMPTION RIGHTS” FOR MORE SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS.
 

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SOFTWARE LUXEMBOURG HOLDING S.A.
Société anonyme
Bijou, 17 Boulevard Raiffeisen, L-2411 Luxembourg
R.C.S. Luxembourg: B 246188
CONVENING NOTICE TO AN
EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
TO BE HELD ON            , 2021
TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF SOFTWARE LUXEMBOURG HOLDING S.A.:
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that an extraordinary general meeting of the shareholders of Software Luxembourg Holding S.A. (“Skillsoft” or the “Company”), a public limited liability company (société anonyme), incorporated and organized under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, having its registered office at Bijou, 17 Boulevard Raiffeisen, L-2411 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, and registered with the Luxembourg Register of Commerce and Companies (Registre de Commerce et des Sociétés, Luxembourg) under number B246188, will be held at Central European Time, on         , 2021, subject to and in accordance with the September 2020 Law (as defined below) in place on the date of such extraordinary general meeting (as further detailed below) (the “Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting”). You are cordially invited to vote at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, which will be held for the following purposes and with the agenda (the “Agenda”) set out below:
(1)
Acknowledgement of the Skillsoft Merger Proposal and the mandatory reports — To acknowledge (i) the joint cross-border merger proposal (the “Skillsoft Merger Proposal”) providing for the absorption of the Company (the “Merger”) by Churchill Capital Corp II (“Churchill” or the “Acquiring Company”), (ii) the detailed written report of the board of directors of the Company and the detailed written report of the board of directors of the Acquiring Company, and (iii) the common independent expert’s report prepared by PKF Audit & Conseil as independent auditor (réviseur d’entreprises).
(2)
Documents available for inspection — To acknowledge that all the documents required by article 1021-7 of the Luxembourg law of 10 August 1915 on commercial companies, as amended, have been deposited at the Company’s registered office or on its website for due inspection by the shareholders at least one month before the date of the general meeting of shareholders of the Company resolving on the Skillsoft Merger Proposal.
(3)
Approval of the Skillsoft Merger Proposal, the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the Merger — To consider and to approve the Skillsoft Merger Proposal, the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the Merger.
(4)
The Skillsoft Charter Amendment Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve, on a precatory basis to the extent permitted by applicable law, an amendment and restatement of Churchill’s certificate of incorporation in the form attached hereto as Annex C.
(5)
Effective date of the Merger and accounting treatment — To acknowledge (i) the effective date of the Merger between the parties and of the date of enforceability of the Merger towards third parties and (ii) the date from which the operations of the Company will be treated as having been carried out on behalf of Churchill from an accounting point of view.
(6)
Delegation of powers — To delegate powers to the Company’s board of directors to confirm the satisfaction of the condition precedents to the Merger.
(7)
Miscellaneous — Any other business.
These items of business are described in the attached joint proxy statement/prospectus, which we encourage you to read in its entirety before voting. The holders of shares of the Company are entitled to notice of the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting no less than 8 days prior to the date of the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting and to vote and have their votes counted at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting and any adjournments or postponements of the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting.
 

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All Skillsoft shareholders are cordially invited to vote at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting. In light of public health concerns regarding the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, in order to prevent large gatherings due to the COVID-19 crisis and pursuant to the Luxembourg law of 23 September 2020 extending the measures regarding the meetings held by companies and other legal entities, as amended (the “September 2020 Law”), you will not be able to attend the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting in person. To ensure your representation at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, you are urged to complete, sign, date and return the enclosed Proxy or Voting Form (each as defined below) as soon as possible. If your shares are held in an account at a brokerage firm or bank, you must instruct your broker or bank on how to vote your shares.
In order to exercise your right to vote, you are hereby invited to:
1.
appoint a proxy holder designated by the Company to represent you at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, by executing and returning to the registered office of the Company by any means of communication allowing for the transmission of written text (e.g., by hand with acknowledgement of receipt, by registered post, by special courier or by e-mail at secretariat@exeq-partners.lu (with original to follow)), the power of attorney included herewith as Schedule [•], so as to be received by the Company no later than five (5) days before the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, OR
2.
cast your vote in relation to the items of the Agenda as explained above, in writing ahead of the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting by completing, executing and returning to the registered office of the Company by any means of communication allowing for the transmission of written text (e.g. by hand with acknowledgement of receipt, by registered post, by special courier or by e-mail at secretariat@exeq-partners.lu (with original to follow)) the Voting Form included herewith as Schedule [•],
in any case, along with the passport copy and proof of authority of the signatory and so as to be received by the Company no later than twenty-four (24) hours before the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting.
After careful consideration, the Company’s board of directors (the “Skillsoft Board”) has determined that the Skillsoft Merger Proposal, the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the Merger described therein and the Skillsoft Charter Amendment Proposal, as well as each other item of the Agenda, are fair to and in the corporate interest of the Company and its shareholders and unanimously recommends that you vote or give instruction to vote in favor of each item of the Agenda in furtherance of the Merger.
The joint proxy statement/prospectus accompanying this notice explains the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, the Skillsoft Merger Proposal and the transactions contemplated thereby, as well as the proposals to be considered at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting. Please review the joint proxy statement/prospectus carefully.
Your vote is important regardless of the number of shares you own. We kindly ask you to sign, date and return the enclosed Proxy or Voting Form as soon as possible in the envelope provided.
 

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Thank you for your participation. We look forward to your continued support.
By Order of the Board of Directors
   
Ronald W. Hovsepian
Director — Authorised Signatory
           , 2021
IF YOU RETURN YOUR PROXY CARD WITHOUT AN INDICATION OF HOW YOU WISH TO VOTE OR AN ABSTENTION, YOUR VOTING FORM WILL BE DEEMED VOID.
 

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND GLOSSARY
As used in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise requires, references to:
Available Cash” are to, as of immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger, the aggregate amount equal to (i) the cash available to be released from the trust account to Churchill after deduction of all funds required to be paid in respect of redemptions of Public Shares pursuant to the redemption offer, plus (ii) any cash on the balance sheet or otherwise in the bank accounts of Churchill (which shall include any proceeds pursuant to any commitment to subscribe for shares of Churchill Class A common stock or warrants exercisable into shares of Churchill Class A common stock prior to or concurrently with the closing), plus (iii) the aggregate amount of cash deposited in the bank accounts of Skillsoft and its subsidiaries, other than restricted cash set forth in Skillsoft’s consolidated balance sheet with respect to its subsidiaries’ Amended and Restated Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated December 20, 2018, by and among Skillsoft Corporation, SumTotal Systems, LLC, Mindleaders, Inc., Skillsoft Canada, Ltd., SumTotal Systems Canada Ltd., Skillsoft U.K. Limited, SumTotal Systems U.K. Limited and Skillsoft Receivables Financing LLC;
Churchill IPO” are to the initial public offering by Churchill which closed on July 1, 2019;
Churchill warrants” are to the warrants exercisable to purchase Churchill Class A common stock;
Code” are to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;
Churchill Class A common stock” are to the Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of Churchill;
Churchill Class B common stock” are to the Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of Churchill;
Churchill Class C common stock” are to the Class C common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of Churchill;
Churchill common stock” are to Churchill Class A common stock and Churchill Class B common stock;
Completion Window” are to the period following the completion of the Churchill IPO at the end of which, if Churchill has not completed its initial business combination, it will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem 100% of the outstanding Public Shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to Churchill to fund its working capital requirements, subject to an annual limit of $250,000, and/or to pay its taxes (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public stockholders’ rights as stockholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of Churchill’s remaining stockholders and the Churchill Board, dissolve and liquidate, subject to Churchill’s obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. The Completion Window ends on July 1, 2021;
DGCL” are to the Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended;
Exchange Act” are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;
Existing Charter” are to Churchill’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation currently in effect;
Founder Shares” are to shares of Churchill Class B common stock and Churchill Class A common stock issued upon the automatic conversion thereof at the time of Churchill’s initial business combination as provided herein. The 17,250,000 Founder Shares are held of record by the Sponsor as of the record date;
 
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GAAP” are to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, as applied on a consistent basis;
Global Knowledge” are to Albert DE Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation owned by investment funds affiliated with Rhône Capital L.L.C.;
Global Knowledge Merger” are to the merger of Merger Sub with and into Global Knowledge, with Global Knowledge surviving the transaction as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Churchill pursuant to the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement;
Global Knowledge Merger Agreement” are to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 12, 2020, by and among Churchill, Magnet Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Churchill (“Merger Sub”), and Global Knowledge;
Incentive Plan” are to the Churchill Capital Corp II 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan;
Investment Company Act” are to the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended;
Klein Group” are to The Klein Group, LLC, an affiliate of Michael Klein and the Sponsor and an affiliate and wholly owned subsidiary of M. Klein and Company;
M. Klein and Company” are to M. Klein and Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and its affiliates;
Merger” are to the merger of Skillsoft with and into Churchill pursuant to the Skillsoft Merger Agreement.
New Skillsoft” are to the Post-Combination Company following the consummation of the Global Knowledge Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement;
Post-Combination Company” are to Churchill following the consummation of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Skillsoft Merger Agreement;
private placement warrants” are to Churchill’s warrants issued to the Sponsor in a private placement simultaneously with the closing of the Churchill IPO;
Prosus” are to MIH Learning B.V. as assignee of the rights and obligations of MIH Edtech Investments B.V. under the Prosus Subscription Agreement;
Prosus Subscription Agreement” are to the Subscription Agreement, dated as of October 12, 2020, by and among Churchill, the Sponsor and Prosus;
Public Shares” are to shares of Churchill Class A common stock sold as part of the units in the Churchill IPO (whether they were purchased in the Churchill IPO or thereafter in the open market);
public stockholders” are to the holders of Churchill’s Public Shares, including the Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers to the extent the Sponsor and Churchill’s officers or directors purchase Public Shares; provided, that each of their status as a “public stockholder” shall only exist with respect to such Public Shares;
public warrants” are to Churchill’s warrants sold as part of the units in the Churchill IPO (whether they were purchased in the Churchill IPO or thereafter in the open market);
SEC” are to the Securities and Exchange Commission;
Skillsoft” are, for the period prior to and including August 27, 2020, to the business and entities owned by Pointwell Limited, a limited company formed under Irish law with Registration number 540778, and from and after August 28, 2020, to Software Luxembourg Holding S.A. and its subsidiaries;
Skillsoft Class A Shares” are to the Class A shares of Software Luxembourg Holding S.A., with nominal value of $0.01 per share;
 
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Skillsoft Class B Shares” are to the Class B shares of Software Luxembourg Holding S.A., with nominal value of $0.01 per share;
Skillsoft Shares” are to the Skillsoft Class A Shares and the Skillsoft Class B Shares;
Sponsor” are to Churchill Sponsor II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and an affiliate of M. Klein and Company in which certain of Churchill’s directors and officers hold membership interests;
Sponsor Agreement” are to the Sponsor Agreement, dated as of October 12, 2020, among Churchill, Skillsoft, the Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers, as amended;
SuRo” are to SuRo Capital Corp., a publicly traded investment fund;
SuRo Subscription Agreement” are to the Subscription Agreement, dated as of October 14, 2020, by and among Churchill and SuRo;
termination date” are to the termination date pursuant to the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, which is the date that is eight (8) months following the date of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement;
VWAP” are to volume weighted average price; and
warrants” are to the public warrants and the private placement warrants.
Unless specified otherwise, amounts in this joint proxy statement/prospectus are presented in United States (“U.S.”) dollars.
Defined terms in the financial statements contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus have the meanings ascribed to them in the financial statements.
 
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TRADEMARKS, TRADE NAMES AND SERVICE MARKS
Churchill, Skillsoft, Global Knowledge and their respective subsidiaries own or have rights to trademarks, trade names and service marks that they use in connection with the operation of their business. In addition, their names, logos and website names and addresses are their trademarks or service marks. Other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this joint proxy statement/prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, in some cases, the trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this joint proxy statement/prospectus are listed without the applicable ®, and SM symbols, but the respective owners thereof will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights to these trademarks, trade names and service marks.
 
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The questions and answers below highlight only selected information from this joint proxy statement/prospectus and only briefly address some commonly asked questions about the Merger, the Churchill Special Meeting, the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, and the proposals to be presented at the Churchill Special Meeting and the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, including with respect to the proposed Merger. The following questions and answers do not include all the information that is important to Churchill stockholders or Skillsoft shareholders. You are urged to read carefully this entire proxy statement/prospectus, including the Annexes and the other documents referred to herein, to fully understand the Merger, the voting procedures for the Churchill Special Meeting and the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE MERGER
Q:
WHAT IS THE MERGER?
A:
Churchill and Skillsoft have entered into the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, pursuant to which Skillsoft will merge with and into Churchill, Skillsoft will cease to exist and Skillsoft’s subsidiaries will become subsidiaries of Churchill, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Skillsoft Merger Agreement.
Churchill will hold the Churchill Special Meeting to, among other things, enable Churchill’s stockholders to consider and vote on the approvals required for the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, and you are receiving this joint proxy statement/prospectus in connection with such meeting. Skillsoft is also providing these materials to the holders of Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares in connection with the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting. See “The Skillsoft Merger Agreement” beginning on page 259. In addition, a copy of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement is attached to this joint proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A. We urge you to read carefully this joint proxy statement/prospectus, including the Annexes and the other documents referred to herein, in their entirety.
Q:
WHY AM I RECEIVING THIS DOCUMENT?
A:
Churchill is sending this joint proxy statement/prospectus to its stockholders to provide them with the material information they need in order to decide how to vote their shares of Churchill common stock with respect to the matters to be considered at the Churchill Special Meeting. Skillsoft is also providing these materials to the holders of Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares in connection with the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting.
The Merger cannot be completed unless (a) Churchill’s stockholders approve the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal and the Incentive Plan Proposal set forth in this joint proxy statement/prospectus for their approval and (b) the holders of Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares acknowledge and approve the matters presented for their consideration at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting. Information about the Churchill Special Meeting, the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, the Merger and the other business to be considered by stockholders at the Churchill Special Meeting and shareholders at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting is contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
This document constitutes a proxy statement of Churchill and Skillsoft and a prospectus of Churchill. It is a proxy statement because the boards of directors of Churchill and Skillsoft are soliciting proxies using this joint proxy statement/prospectus from their respective stockholders and shareholders. It is a prospectus because Churchill, in connection with the Merger, is offering shares of Churchill Class A common stock in exchange for the outstanding Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares. See “The Skillsoft Merger Agreement — Merger Consideration.”
Q:
WHAT WILL SKILLSOFT SHAREHOLDERS RECEIVE IN THE MERGER?
A:
If the Merger is completed, (i) each outstanding Skillsoft Class A Share (other than shares owned by Churchill, which will be automatically cancelled and retired and will cease to exist, and no consideration
 
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will be delivered in exchange therefore) will be automatically cancelled Churchill will issue as consideration therefor (A) 6.25 shares of Churchill Class A common stock and (B) one share of Churchill Class C common stock and (ii) each outstanding Skillsoft Class B Share (in each case, other than shares owned by Churchill, which will be automatically cancelled and retired and will cease to exist, and no consideration will be delivered in exchange therefor) will be automatically cancelled and Churchill will issue as consideration therefor 28.125 shares of Churchill Class A common stock, in each case except for any fractional shares of Churchill Class A common stock which would result (which will instead be paid out in cash in accordance with the Skillsoft Merger Agreement; however, such payment in cash does not represent any separately bargained-for consideration, and will not exceed ten percent (10%) of the nominal value of the shares issued by Churchill in the context of the Merger in accordance with Article 1020-3 of the Luxembourg Law of 10 August 1915 regarding commercial companies, as amended (the “Luxembourg Companies’ Law”)), and except for any Skillsoft Class A Share or Skillsoft Class B Share held by Churchill, which will automatically be cancelled and retired and will cease to exist, and no consideration will be delivered in exchange therefor. Immediately following the effective time of the Merger, each outstanding share of Churchill Class C common stock issued to former holders of Skillsoft Class A Shares in connection with the Merger will be redeemed for a redemption price of (i) $131.51 per share in cash and (ii) $5.208 per share in incremental indebtedness (the “Incremental Loans”) under that certain Senior Secured Second Out Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of August 27, 2020, by and among Software Luxembourg Intermediate S.à r.l., as the parent borrower, the other borrower party thereto, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB, as the administrative agent and collateral agent, as amended (the “Existing Second Out Credit Agreement”).
Before, on or after the completion of the Merger, the obligations under that certain Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of August 27, 2020, by and among Software Luxembourg Intermediate S.à r.l., as the parent borrower, the other borrower party thereto, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB, as the administrative agent and collateral agent, as amended (the “Existing First Out Credit Agreement” and, together with the Existing Second Out Credit Agreement, the “Existing Credit Agreements”) and the Existing Second Out Credit Agreement (including the Incremental Loans, and any other incremental indebtedness incurred under the Existing Credit Agreements in connection with the Merger) may be refinanced or prepaid. There can be no assurance when or if any such refinancing or prepayment will occur.
Q:
WHEN DO YOU EXPECT THE MERGER TO BE COMPLETED?
A:
It is currently anticipated that the Merger will be consummated promptly following the Churchill Special Meeting and the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, which are set for            , 2021 and            , 2021, respectively; however, either meeting could be adjourned, as described herein. However, neither Churchill nor Skillsoft can assure you of when or if the Merger will be completed and it is possible that factors outside of the control of both companies could result in the Merger being completed at a different time or not being completed at all. Churchill must first obtain the approval of its stockholders for certain of the proposals set forth in this joint proxy statement/prospectus for their approval, Skillsoft must first obtain the approval of its shareholders for the Merger, and Churchill and Skillsoft must also first obtain certain necessary regulatory approvals and satisfy other closing conditions. See “The Skillsoft Merger Agreement — Conditions to the Merger” beginning on page 271.
Q:
WHAT HAPPENS IF THE MERGER IS NOT COMPLETED?
A:
If the Merger is not completed, Skillsoft shareholders will not receive any consideration for their Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares. Instead, Skillsoft will remain an independent company. See “The Skillsoft Merger Agreement — Termination” and “Risk Factors” beginning on page 272 and page 36, respectively.
 
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT CHURCHILL’S SPECIAL STOCKHOLDER MEETING
Q:
WHEN AND WHERE IS THE CHURCHILL SPECIAL MEETING?
A:
The Churchill Special Meeting will be held at 9:00 a.m. eastern time, on            , 2021, in virtual format. Churchill stockholders may attend, vote and examine the list of Churchill stockholders entitled to vote at the Churchill Special Meeting by visiting       and entering the control number found on their proxy card, voting instruction form or notice included in their proxy materials. In light of public health concerns regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, the Churchill Special Meeting will be held in virtual meeting format only. You will not be able to attend the Churchill Special Meeting physically.
Q:
WHAT AM I BEING ASKED TO VOTE ON AND WHY IS THIS APPROVAL NECESSARY?
A:
The stockholders of Churchill are being asked to vote on the following:
1.
A proposal to approve the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby. See the section entitled “Proposal No. 1 — The Merger Proposal”.
2.
A proposal to approve, for purposes of complying with applicable listing rules of the NYSE, the issuance of shares of Churchill Class A common stock and Churchill Class C common stock pursuant to the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. See the section entitled “Proposal No. 2 — The Merger Issuance Proposal”.
3.
A proposal to adopt the Charter Amendment in the form attached hereto as Annex B. See the section entitled “Proposal No. 3 — The Charter Amendment Proposal”.
4.
A proposal to adopt the Proposed Charter in the form attached hereto as Annex C. See the section entitled “Proposal No. 4 — The Charter Approval Proposal”.
5.
A separate proposal with respect to certain governance provisions in the Proposed Charter in order to give holders of Churchill common stock the opportunity to present their separate views on important corporate governance procedures and which will be voted upon on a non-binding advisory basis. See the section entitled “Proposal No. 5 — The Governance Proposal”.
6.
A proposal to elect seven directors to serve on the Board until the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders, in the case of Class I directors, the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, in the case of Class II directors, and the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders, in the case of Class III directors, and in each case, until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified. See the section entitled “Proposal No. 6 — The Director Election Proposal”.
7.
A proposal to approve, for purposes of complying with the applicable listing rules of the NYSE, the issuance of shares of Churchill Class A common stock pursuant to the Prosus Subscription Agreement (including the shares issuable (i) upon Prosus’s exercise of the Prosus Top-Up Right and (ii) upon Prosus’s exercise of the Prosus Warrants). See the section entitled “Proposal No. 7 — The Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal”.
8.
A proposal to approve, for purposes of complying with the applicable listing rules of the NYSE, the issuance of shares of Churchill Class A common stock pursuant to the SuRo Subscription Agreement. See the section entitled “Proposal No. 8 — The SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal”.
9.
A proposal to approve and adopt the Incentive Plan. See the section entitled “Proposal No. 9 — The Incentive Plan Proposal”.
10.
A proposal to approve the adjournment of the Churchill Special Meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary, to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies in the event that there are insufficient votes for, or otherwise in connection with, the approval of the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal or the Incentive Plan Proposal, or we determine that one or more of the closing conditions to Skillsoft Merger Agreement is not satisfied or waived. See the section entitled “Proposal No. 10 — The Adjournment Proposal”.
Churchill will hold the Churchill Special Meeting to consider and vote upon these proposals. This joint proxy statement/prospectus contains important information about the proposed Merger and the
 
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other matters to be acted upon at the Churchill Special Meeting. Churchill stockholders should read this joint proxy statement/prospectus carefully, including the Annexes and the other documents referred to herein.
Consummation of the Merger is conditioned on approval of each of the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal and the Incentive Plan Proposal, subject to the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. If any of these proposals is not approved, the other proposals will not be presented to stockholders for a vote. If the Adjournment Proposal is approved, the Churchill Special Meeting will be adjourned to a later date or dates to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies.
The vote of Churchill stockholders is important. Churchill stockholders are encouraged to vote as soon as possible after carefully reviewing this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Q:
I AM A CHURCHILL WARRANT HOLDER. WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?
A:
This joint proxy statement/prospectus is being sent to holders of Churchill units, which include Churchill Class A common stock and Churchill warrants. However, holders of Churchill warrants are not being asked to vote at the Churchill Special Meeting and are not entitled to redemption rights in connection with the Merger. If a holder of Churchill units elects to redeem its Churchill Class A common stock, its Churchill warrants will remain outstanding unless such holder sells or exercises the Churchill warrants. Upon consummation of the Merger, the Churchill warrants shall, by their terms, entitle the holders to purchase Class A common stock at a purchase price of  $11.50 per share. This joint proxy statement/prospectus includes important information about Skillsoft and the business of Skillsoft and its subsidiaries following consummation of the Merger. Because holders of Churchill warrants will be entitled to purchase Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company upon consummation of the Merger, Churchill urges you to read the information contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus carefully.
Q:
WHY IS CHURCHILL PROPOSING THE MERGER?
A:
Churchill was organized for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities.
On July 1, 2019, Churchill completed its initial public offering of units, with each unit consisting of one Public Share and one-third of one public warrant, each whole public warrant giving its holder the right to purchase one share of Churchill common stock at a price of  $11.50, raising total gross proceeds of approximately $690,000,000. Since the Churchill IPO, Churchill’s activity has been limited to the evaluation of business combination candidates.
Skillsoft is a global software and technology provider of digital learning, training and talent solutions.
Based on its due diligence investigations of Skillsoft and the industry in which it operates, including the financial and other information provided by Skillsoft to Churchill in the course of their negotiations in connection with the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, Churchill believes that the Merger with Skillsoft is advisable and in the best interests of Churchill and its stockholders. See the section entitled “The Merger — Recommendation of the Churchill Board of Directors and Reasons for the Merger — Churchill’s Board of Directors’ Reasons for Approval of the Merger”.
Q:
DID THE CHURCHILL BOARD OBTAIN A THIRD-PARTY VALUATION OR FAIRNESS OPINION IN DETERMINING WHETHER OR NOT TO PROCEED WITH THE MERGER?
A:
The Churchill Board did not obtain a third-party valuation or fairness opinion in connection with their determination to approve the Merger with Skillsoft. The directors and officers of Churchill and Churchill’s advisors have substantial experience in evaluating the operating and financial merits of companies from a wide range of industries and concluded that their experience and backgrounds, together with the experience and sector knowledge of Churchill’s financial advisors, enabled them to make the necessary analyses and determinations regarding the Merger with Skillsoft. In addition, Churchill’s directors and officers and Churchill’s advisors have substantial experience with mergers and
 
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acquisitions. Accordingly, investors will be relying solely on the judgment of the Churchill Board, Churchill’s management team and Churchill’s advisors in valuing Skillsoft’s business.
Q:
DO I HAVE REDEMPTION RIGHTS?
A:
If you are a holder of Public Shares, you have the right to demand that Churchill redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the cash held in Churchill’s trust account. Churchill sometimes refers to these rights to demand redemption of the Public Shares as “redemption rights.”
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a holder of Public Shares, together with any affiliate of such holder or any other person with whom such holder is acting in concert or as a “group” ​(as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) will be restricted from seeking redemption with respect to more than 15% of the Public Shares without the consent of Churchill. Accordingly, all Public Shares in excess of 15% held by a public stockholder, together with any affiliate of such stockholder or any other person with whom such holder is acting in concert or as a “group,” will not be redeemed without the consent of Churchill.
Q:
WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ALLOWABLE REDEMPTIONS FOR THE MERGER TO PROCEED?
A.
Assuming both the First Step Prosus Investment and the Second Step Prosus Investment are consummated concurrently with the Merger, the estimated maximum number of redemptions that would be allowable for the Skillsoft Merger to still proceed is 55,738,336 Public Shares.
This maximum redemption scenario is based on a number of assumptions, including the exclusion of Skillsoft’s cash balance ($71.5 million, as of January 31, 2021), which is legally available for redemption. Inclusion of Skillsoft’s cash balance would increase the cash available for redemptions, increase the maximum number of allowable redemptions and increase the percentage ownership of Skillsoft shareholders, the Sponsor and the PIPE investors in the Post-Combination Company. Inclusion of additional cash from other sources, including additional PIPE investments or other financing sources, would also increase the cash available for redemptions, increase the maximum number of allowable redemptions and increase the percentage ownership of Skillsoft shareholders, the Sponsor and the PIPE investors in the Post-Combination Company. If the number of redemptions exceeds 55,738,336 Public Shares, Churchill may seek alternative financing, which would be subject to certain terms and conditions set forth in the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the Subscription Agreements. In addition, subject to certain conditions, the Available Cash Condition may be waived by Skillsoft, in which case the Merger may be consummated despite exceeding the maximum redemption scenario. If Churchill is not able to obtain alternative financing and Skillsoft is not willing to waive the Available Cash Condition, the Merger will not be consummated. See “Summary — Ownership of the Post-Combination Company” and “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.”
Q.
WILL HOW I VOTE AFFECT MY ABILITY TO EXERCISE REDEMPTION RIGHTS?
A.
No. You may exercise your redemption rights whether you vote your Public Shares for or against, or whether you abstain from voting on, the Merger Proposal or any other proposal described in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. As a result, the Merger Proposal can be approved by stockholders who will redeem their Public Shares and no longer remain stockholders and the Merger may be consummated even though the funds available from Churchill’s trust account and the number of public stockholders are substantially reduced as a result of redemptions by public stockholders. However, Skillsoft is not required to consummate the Merger if there is not at least $644,000,000 of Available Cash. Also, with fewer Public Shares and public stockholders that may result from stockholders of Churchill exercising their redemption rights, the trading market for Churchill Class A common stock may be less liquid than the market for Public Shares prior to the Merger and Churchill may not be able to meet the listing standards of a national securities exchange.
Q.
HOW DO I EXERCISE MY REDEMPTION RIGHTS?
A.
If you are a holder of Public Shares and wish to exercise your redemption rights, you must (i) demand that Churchill redeem your shares for cash no later than the second business day preceding the vote on the Merger Proposal by delivering your share certificates to Churchill’s transfer agent physically or by delivering your shares electronically using Depository Trust Company’s DWAC (Deposit and Withdrawal
 
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at Custodian) system. Any holder of Public Shares will be entitled to demand that such holder’s shares be redeemed for a pro rata portion of the amount then in the trust account (which, for illustrative purposes, was approximately $697.0 million, or $10.10 per share, as of April 28, 2021, the record date). Such amount, including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to Churchill to fund its working capital requirements, subject to an annual limit of $250,000, and/or to pay its taxes, will be paid promptly upon consummation of the Merger. However, under Delaware law, the proceeds held in the trust account could be subject to claims which could take priority over those of Churchill’s public stockholders exercising redemption rights, regardless of whether such holders vote for or against the Merger Proposal. Therefore, the per-share distribution from the trust account in such a situation may be less than originally anticipated due to such claims. Your vote on any proposal will have no impact on the amount you will receive upon exercise of your redemption rights.
Any request for redemption, once made by a holder of Public Shares, may be withdrawn at any time up to the time the vote is taken with respect to the Merger Proposal at the Churchill Special Meeting. If you deliver your shares for redemption to Churchill’s transfer agent and later decide prior to the Churchill Special Meeting not to elect redemption, you may request that Churchill’s transfer agent return the shares (physically or electronically). You may make such request by contacting Churchill’s transfer agent at the address listed at the end of this section.
If a holder of Public Shares properly makes a request for redemption and the Public Shares are delivered as described to Churchill’s transfer agent as described herein, then, if the Merger is consummated, Churchill will redeem these shares for a pro rata portion of funds deposited in the trust account. If you exercise your redemption rights, then you will be exchanging your shares of Churchill common stock for cash and you will cease to have any rights as a Churchill stockholder (other than the right to receive the redemption amount) upon consummation of the Merger.
For a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations for holders of Public Shares with respect to the exercise of these redemption rights, see “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences — Tax Consequences of a Redemption of Public Shares” beginning on page 288. The tax consequences of the exercise of these redemption rights to each holder of Public Shares may depend on such holder’s particular facts and circumstances. Holders of Public Shares are urged to consult their tax advisors to understand fully the consequences to them of the exercise of their redemption rights in their specific circumstances.
If you are a holder of Public Shares and you exercise your redemption rights, it will not result in the loss of any public warrants that you may hold.
Q.
DO I HAVE APPRAISAL RIGHTS IF I OBJECT TO THE PROPOSED MERGER?
A.
No. Neither Churchill stockholders nor the holders of its units or warrants have appraisal rights in connection with the Merger under the DGCL. See the section entitled “Churchill Special Meeting of Stockholders — Appraisal Rights”.
Q.
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE FUNDS DEPOSITED IN THE TRUST ACCOUNT AFTER CONSUMMATION OF THE MERGER?
A.
The amount of the net proceeds of the Churchill IPO, $674,200,000, together with $15,800,000 of the amount raised from the private sale of warrants simultaneously with the consummation of the Churchill IPO, for a total of  $690,000,000, was placed in the trust account following the Churchill IPO. After consummation of the Merger, the funds in the trust account will be used to pay holders of the Public Shares who exercise redemption rights, to pay fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Merger (including aggregate fees of up to $21,371,000 as deferred underwriting commissions), to redeem the shares of Churchill Class C common stock and for the Post-Combination Company’s working capital and general corporate purposes.
Q.
WHAT HAPPENS IF THE MERGER IS NOT CONSUMMATED?
A.
If Churchill does not complete the Merger with Skillsoft for whatever reason, Churchill would search for another target business with which to complete a business combination. If Churchill does not complete the Merger with Skillsoft or another target business within the Completion Window, Churchill must redeem 100% of the outstanding Public Shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the
 
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amount then held in the trust account divided by the number of outstanding Public Shares. The Sponsor has no redemption rights in the event a business combination is not effected in the Completion Window, and, accordingly, its Founder Shares will be worthless. Additionally, in the event of such liquidation, there will be no distribution with respect to Churchill’s outstanding warrants. Accordingly, the warrants will expire worthless.
Q.
HOW DOES THE SPONSOR INTEND TO VOTE ON THE PROPOSALS?
A.
The Sponsor owns of record and is entitled to vote an aggregate of 20% of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock. The Sponsor has agreed to vote any Founder Shares and any Public Shares held by it in favor of each of the proposals presented at the Churchill Special Meeting.
Because a majority of the proposals require the affirmative vote of the majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting, the affirmative vote of only approximately 6.25% of the outstanding Public Shares, in addition to the Founder Shares, would be required to approve such proposals if a quorum of only a majority of the shares of Churchill common stock is represented at the Churchill Special Meeting. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Merger is conditioned upon the approval of the Merger Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal and the Charter Approval Proposal. Approval of each of the Charter Amendment Proposal and the Charter Approval Proposal requires the affirmative vote of (i) the holders of a majority of the Founder Shares then outstanding, voting separately as a single class, and (ii) the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock, voting together as a single class, and approval of the Merger Proposal requires the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock, voting together as a single class. Accordingly, the affirmative vote of approximately 37.5% of the outstanding Public Shares, in addition to the Founder Shares, would be required to approve the Merger Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal and the Charter Approval Proposal if a quorum of only a majority of the shares of Churchill common stock is represented at the Churchill Special Meeting.
Q.
WHAT CONSTITUTES A QUORUM AT THE CHURCHILL SPECIAL MEETING?
A.
A majority of the voting power of the issued and outstanding common stock of Churchill entitled to vote at the Churchill Special Meeting must be present, in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy, at the Churchill Special Meeting to constitute a quorum and in order to conduct business at the Churchill Special Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes will be counted as present for the purpose of determining a quorum. The Sponsor, who currently owns approximately 20% of the issued and outstanding shares of Churchill common stock, will count towards this quorum. In the absence of a quorum, the chairman of the Churchill Special Meeting has power to adjourn the Churchill Special Meeting. As of the record date for the Churchill Special Meeting, 43,125,001 shares of Churchill common stock would be required to be present at the Churchill Special Meeting to achieve a quorum.
Q.
WHAT VOTE IS REQUIRED TO APPROVE EACH PROPOSAL AT THE CHURCHILL SPECIAL MEETING?
A.
The Merger Proposal:   The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock, voting together as a single class, is required to approve the Merger Proposal. Accordingly, a stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, as well as an abstention from voting and a broker non-vote with regard to the Merger Proposal, will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Merger Proposal. Churchill stockholders must approve the Merger Proposal in order for the Merger to occur. If Churchill stockholders fail to approve the Merger Proposal, the Merger will not occur.
The Merger Issuance Proposal:   The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting is required to approve the Merger Issuance Proposal. Accordingly, a stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, as well as an abstention from voting and a broker non-vote with regard to the Merger Issuance Proposal, will have no effect on the Merger Issuance Proposal. The
 
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Merger is conditioned upon the approval of the Merger Issuance Proposal, subject to the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. Notwithstanding the approval of the Merger Issuance Proposal, if the Merger is not consummated for any reason, the actions contemplated by the Merger Issuance Proposal will not be effected.
The Charter Amendment Proposal:   The affirmative vote of (i) the holders of a majority of the Founder Shares then outstanding, voting separately as a single class, and (ii) the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock, voting together as a single class, is required to approve the Charter Amendment Proposal. Accordingly, a stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, as well as an abstention from voting and a broker non-vote with regard to the Charter Amendment Proposal, will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” such Charter Amendment Proposal. The Merger is conditioned upon the approval of the Charter Amendment Proposal, subject to the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. Notwithstanding the approval of the Charter Amendment Proposal, if the Merger is not consummated for any reason, the actions contemplated by the Charter Amendment Proposal will not be effected.
The Charter Approval Proposal:   The affirmative vote of (i) the holders of a majority of the Founder Shares then outstanding, voting separately as a single class, and (ii) the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock, voting together as a single class, is required to approve the Charter Approval Proposal. Accordingly, a stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, as well as an abstention from voting and a broker non-vote with regard to the Charter Approval Proposal, will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” such Charter Approval Proposal. The Merger is conditioned upon the approval of the Charter Approval Proposal, subject to the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. Notwithstanding the approval of the Charter Approval Proposal, if the Merger is not consummated for any reason, the actions contemplated by the Charter Approval Proposal will not be effected.
The Governance Proposal:   The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting is required to approve the Governance Proposal, which is a non-binding advisory vote. Accordingly, a stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, as well as an abstention from voting and a broker non-vote with regard to the Governance Proposal, will have no effect on the Governance Proposal. The Merger is not conditioned on the approval of the Governance Proposal.
The Director Election Proposal:   Directors are elected by a plurality of all of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting. This means that the seven director nominees who receive the most affirmative votes will be elected. Directors will be elected to serve on the Board until the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders, in the case of Class I directors, the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, in the case of Class II directors, and the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders, in the case of Class III directors, and, in each case, until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified. Stockholders may not cumulate their votes with respect to the election of directors. Accordingly, a stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, as well as an abstention from voting and a broker non-vote with regard to the Director Election Proposal, will have no effect on the Director Election Proposal.
The Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal:   The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting is required to approve the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal. Accordingly, a stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, as well as an abstention from voting and a broker non-vote with regard to the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, will have no effect on the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal. The Merger is conditioned upon the approval of the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, subject to the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. Notwithstanding the approval of the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, if the Merger is not consummated for any reason, the actions contemplated by the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal will not be effected.
 
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The SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal:   The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting is required to approve the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal. Accordingly, a stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, as well as an abstention from voting and a broker non-vote with regard to the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, will have no effect on the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal. The Merger is conditioned upon the approval of the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, subject to the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. Notwithstanding the approval of the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, if the Merger is not consummated for any reason, the actions contemplated by the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal will not be effected.
The Incentive Plan Proposal:   The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting is required to approve the Incentive Plan Proposal. Accordingly, a stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, as well as an abstention from voting and a broker non-vote with regard to the Incentive Plan Proposal, will have no effect on the Incentive Plan Proposal. The Merger is conditioned upon the approval of the Incentive Plan Proposal, subject to the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. Notwithstanding the approval of the Incentive Plan Proposal, if the Merger is not consummated for any reason, the actions contemplated by the Incentive Plan Proposal will not be effected.
The Adjournment Proposal:   The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting is required to approve the Adjournment Proposal. Accordingly, a stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, as well as an abstention from voting and a broker non-vote with regard to the Adjournment Proposal, will have no effect on the Adjournment Proposal. The Merger is not conditioned on the approval of the Adjournment Proposal.
As further discussed in the section entitled “Other Agreements — Sponsor Agreement” beginning on page 275 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have entered into the Sponsor Agreement with Skillsoft pursuant to which the Sponsor and such directors and officers have agreed to vote shares representing 20% of the aggregate voting power of the common stock (comprised of all the outstanding Founder Shares) in favor of each of the proposals presented at the Churchill Special Meeting. Accordingly, the Sponsor Agreement will increase the likelihood that Churchill will receive the requisite stockholder approval for the Merger and the transactions contemplated thereby. Because a majority of the proposals require the affirmative vote of the majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting, the affirmative vote of only approximately 6.25% of the outstanding Public Shares, in addition to the Founder Shares, would be required to approve such proposals if a quorum of only a majority of the shares of Churchill common stock is represented at the Churchill Special Meeting. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Merger is conditioned upon the approval of the Merger Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal and the Charter Approval Proposal. Approval of each of the Charter Amendment Proposal and the Charter Approval Proposal requires the affirmative vote of (i) the holders of a majority of the Founder Shares then outstanding, voting separately as a single class, and (ii) the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock, voting together as a single class, and approval of the Merger Proposal requires the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock, voting together as a single class. Accordingly, the affirmative vote of approximately 37.5% of the outstanding Public Shares, in addition to the Founder Shares, would be required to approve the Merger Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal and the Charter Approval Proposal.
Q.
DO ANY OF CHURCHILL’S DIRECTORS OR OFFICERS HAVE INTERESTS IN THE MERGER THAT MAY DIFFER FROM OR BE IN ADDITION TO THE INTERESTS OF CHURCHILL STOCKHOLDERS?
A.
Churchill’s executive officers and directors may have interests in the Merger that may be different from,
 
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or in addition to, the interests of Churchill stockholders generally. The Churchill Board was aware of and considered these interests to the extent such interests existed at the time, among other matters, in approving the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and in recommending that the Merger be approved by the stockholders of Churchill. See “The Merger — Interests of Churchill’s Directors and Officers in the Merger” beginning on page 254 of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Q.
WHAT DO I NEED TO DO NOW?
A.
Churchill urges you to read carefully and consider the information contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, including the Annexes and the other documents referred to herein, and to consider how the Merger will affect you as a stockholder and/or warrant holder of Churchill. Stockholders should then vote as soon as possible in accordance with the instructions provided in this joint proxy statement/prospectus and on the enclosed proxy card.
Q.
HOW DO I VOTE?
A.
If you are a holder of record of Churchill common stock on the Churchill record date, you may vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting or by submitting a proxy for the Churchill Special Meeting. You may submit your proxy by completing, signing, dating and returning the enclosed proxy card in the accompanying pre-addressed postage paid envelope. If you choose to participate in the Churchill Special Meeting, you can vote your shares electronically during the Churchill Special Meeting via live webcast by visiting . You will need the 12-digit meeting control number that is printed on your proxy card to enter the Churchill Special Meeting. Churchill recommends that you log in at least 15 minutes before the Churchill Special Meeting to ensure you are logged in when the Churchill Special Meeting starts. If you hold your shares in “street name,” which means your shares are held of record by a broker, bank or nominee, you should contact your broker, bank or nominee to ensure that votes related to the shares you beneficially own are properly counted. In this regard, you must provide the broker, bank or nominee with instructions on how to vote your shares or, if you wish to attend the Churchill Special Meeting and vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting), obtain a proxy from your broker, bank or nominee.
Q.
IF MY SHARES ARE HELD IN “STREET NAME” BY A BROKER, BANK OR OTHER NOMINEE, WILL MY BROKER, BANK OR OTHER NOMINEE VOTE MY SHARES FOR ME?
A.
If your shares are held in “street name” in a stock brokerage account or by a broker, bank or other nominee, you must provide the record holder of your shares with instructions on how to vote your shares. Please follow the voting instructions provided by your broker, bank or other nominee. Please note that you may not vote shares held in “street name” by returning a proxy card directly to Churchill or by voting in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting unless you provide a “legal proxy,” which you must obtain from your broker, bank or other nominee.
Under the rules of the NYSE, brokers who hold shares in “street name” for a beneficial owner of those shares typically have the authority to vote in their discretion on “routine” proposals when they have not received instructions from beneficial owners. However, brokers are not permitted to exercise their voting discretion with respect to the approval of matters that the NYSE determines to be “non-routine” without specific instructions from the beneficial owner. It is expected that all proposals to be voted on at the Churchill Special Meeting are “non-routine” matters. Broker non-votes occur when a broker or nominee is not instructed by the beneficial owner of shares to vote on a particular proposal for which the broker does not have discretionary voting power.
If you are a Churchill stockholder holding your shares in “street name” and you do not instruct your broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote your shares, your broker, bank or other nominee will not vote your shares on the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Governance Proposal, the Director Election Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal or the Adjournment Proposal. Such broker non-votes will be the equivalent of a vote “AGAINST” the Merger Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal and the Charter Approval Proposal, but will have no effect on the vote count for such other proposals.
 
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Q.
WHAT IF I ATTEND THE CHURCHILL SPECIAL MEETING AND ABSTAIN OR DO NOT VOTE?
A.
For purposes of the Churchill Special Meeting, an abstention occurs when a stockholder attends the meeting in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) and does not vote or returns a proxy with an “abstain” vote.
If you are a Churchill stockholder that attends the Churchill Special Meeting in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) and fails to vote on the Merger Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal or the Charter Approval Proposal, or if you respond to such proposals with an “abstain” vote, your failure to vote or “abstain” vote in each case will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” such proposals.
If you are a Churchill stockholder that attends the Churchill Special Meeting in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) and fails to vote on the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Governance Proposal, the Director Election Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal or the Adjournment Proposal, or if you respond to such proposals with an “abstain” vote, your failure to vote or “abstain” vote in each case will have no effect on the vote count for such proposals.
A Churchill stockholder that attends the Churchill Special Meeting and does not vote or returns a proxy with an “abstain” vote will be counted as present for the purpose of determining a quorum.
Q.
WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF I RETURN MY PROXY CARD WITHOUT INDICATING HOW TO VOTE?
A.
If you sign and return your proxy card without indicating how to vote on any particular proposal, the common stock represented by your proxy will be voted as recommended by the Churchill Board with respect to that proposal.
Q.
MAY I CHANGE MY VOTE AFTER I HAVE MAILED MY SIGNED PROXY CARD?
A.
Yes. Stockholders may send a later-dated, signed proxy card to Churchill’s transfer agent at the address set forth at the end of this section so that it is received prior to the vote at the Churchill Special Meeting or attend the Churchill Special Meeting in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) and vote. Stockholders also may revoke their proxy by sending a notice of revocation to Churchill’s transfer agent, which must be received prior to the vote at the Churchill Special Meeting.
Q.
WHAT HAPPENS IF I FAIL TO TAKE ANY ACTION WITH RESPECT TO THE CHURCHILL SPECIAL MEETING?
A.
If you fail to take any action with respect to the Churchill Special Meeting and the Merger is approved by stockholders and consummated, you will become a stockholder of the Post-Combination Company. Failure to vote at the Churchill Special Meeting will not affect your ability to exercise your redemption rights. If you fail to take any action with respect to the Churchill Special Meeting and the Merger is not approved, you will continue to be a stockholder and/or warrant holder of Churchill.
Q.
WHAT SHOULD I DO IF I RECEIVE MORE THAN ONE SET OF VOTING MATERIALS?
A.
Stockholders may receive more than one set of voting materials, including multiple copies of this joint proxy statement/prospectus and multiple proxy cards or voting instruction cards. For example, if you hold your shares in more than one brokerage account, you will receive a separate voting instruction card for each brokerage account in which you hold shares. If you are a holder of record and your shares are registered in more than one name, you will receive more than one proxy card. Please complete, sign, date and return each proxy card and voting instruction card that you receive in order to cast a vote with respect to all of your Churchill shares.
Q.
WHO CAN HELP ANSWER MY QUESTIONS?
A.
If you have questions about the Merger or if you need additional copies of the joint proxy statement/prospectus or the enclosed proxy card you should contact:
 
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[MISSING IMAGE: lg_mackenziepart-bw.jpg]
1407 Broadway — 27th Floor
New York, New York 10018
Call Toll Free: (800) 322-2885
Banks and Brokers Call: (212) 929-5500
Email: proxy @mackenziepartners.com
You may also obtain additional information about Churchill from documents filed with the SEC by following the instructions in the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information.” If you are a holder of Public Shares and you intend to seek redemption of your Public Shares, you will need to deliver your stock (either physically or electronically) to Churchill’s transfer agent at the address below prior to the vote at the Churchill Special Meeting. If you have questions regarding the certification of your position or delivery of your stock, please contact:
Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company
1 State Street 30th Floor
New York, New York 10004
(212) 509-4000
 
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT SKILLSOFT’S EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING
Q.
WHEN AND WHERE IS THE SKILLSOFT EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING?
A.
The Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting will be held at       Central European Time, on            , 2021. Skillsoft shareholders may be represented at (using a Skillsoft designated proxyholder), vote at, and examine the list of Skillsoft shareholders entitled to vote at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting. In light of public health concerns regarding the COVID-19 pandemic (as further defined below), you will not be able to attend the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting physically.
The Skillsoft Board shall inform the Company’s shareholders of the applicable COVID-19 restrictions and the formalities of the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, in particular whether a physical or virtual meeting shall be held, by means of a notice published in the Recueil electronique des Sociétés et Associations and in one newspaper published in Luxembourg at least fifteen days prior to the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, such convening formalities being expressly provided for under the Luxembourg Companies’ Law.
Q.
WHAT AM I BEING ASKED TO VOTE ON AND WHY IS THIS APPROVAL NECESSARY?
A.
The shareholders of Skillsoft are being asked to vote on the following:
1.
A proposal to consider and approve the Skillsoft Merger Proposal, the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the Merger.
2.
A proposal to consider and approve, on a precatory basis to the extent permitted by applicable law, an amendment and restatement of Churchill’s certificate of incorporation in the form attached to the Skillsoft Merger Agreement as Exhibit I.
Q.
DO I HAVE APPRAISAL RIGHTS IF I OBJECT TO THE PROPOSED MERGER?
A.
No. Neither Luxembourg law nor Skillsoft’s articles of association provide for appraisal rights of dissenting shareholders in the Merger.
Q.
WHAT CONSTITUTES A QUORUM AT THE SKILLSOFT EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING?
A.
Skillsoft’s articles of association require a quorum of at least a majority of the issued and outstanding Skillsoft Shares be present or represented at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting.
Q.
WHAT VOTE IS REQUIRED TO APPROVE EACH PROPOSAL AT THE SKILLSOFT EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING?
A.
The affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the value of the outstanding Skillsoft Shares is required to adopt each of the items of the agenda of the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, including the approval of the Skillsoft Merger Proposal, the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the Merger and the Skillsoft Charter Amendment Proposal.
Q.
WHAT DO I NEED TO DO NOW?
A.
Skillsoft urges you to read carefully and consider the information contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, including the Annexes and the other documents referred to herein, and to consider how the Merger will affect you as a shareholder of Skillsoft. Shareholders should then vote as soon as possible in accordance with the instructions provided in this joint proxy statement/prospectus and on the enclosed Proxy and Voting Form. As described further below in the section entitled “Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders”, the Supporting Skillsoft Shareholders (as defined herein) have agreed to send a drag-along notice to all other Skillsoft shareholders pursuant to the Skillsoft Shareholders’ Agreement following the time that the registration statement becomes effective.
Q.
HOW DO I VOTE?
A.
If you are a registered shareholder of Skillsoft Class A Shares or Skillsoft Class B Shares on the date of the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, you may vote at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting. In light of public health concerns regarding the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, in order
 
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to prevent large gatherings due to the COVID-19 crisis and pursuant to the Luxembourg law of 23 September 2020 extending the measures regarding the meetings held by companies and other legal entities, as amended (the “September 2020 Law”), you will not be able to attend the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting in person. In order to exercise your right to vote as shareholder of Skillsoft, you may (i) appoint a proxy holder designated by the Company pursuant to the September 2020 Law to represent you at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, by executing and returning to the registered office of the Company the power of attorney attached as Schedule 1 to the Convening Notice (the “Proxy”) or (ii) cast your vote in writing ahead of the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting by completing, executing and returning to the registered office of Skillsoft by any means of communication allowing for the transmission of written text (e.g., by hand with acknowledgement of receipt, by registered post, by special courier or by e-mail at secretariat@exeq-partners.lu (with original to follow)) the correspondence voting form attached as Schedule 2 to the Convening Notice (the “Voting Form”), in any case, along with the passport copy and proof of authority of the signatory and so as to be received by the Company no later than twenty-four (24) hours before the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting.
Q.
WHAT IF I ATTEND (BY PROXY) THE SKILLSOFT EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING AND ABSTAIN OR DO NOT VOTE?
A.
For purposes of the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, an abstention occurs when a shareholder returns a Proxy or Voting Form with an “abstain” vote.
A Skillsoft shareholder that returns a Proxy or Voting Form with an “abstain” vote will be counted as present for the purpose of determining a quorum if the Proxy or Voting Form is submitted to Skillsoft less than 24 hours prior to the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting.
Q.
WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF I RETURN MY PROXY OR VOTING FORM WITHOUT INDICATING HOW TO VOTE?
A.
If you sign and return your Voting Form without indicating how to vote on any particular proposal, such Voting Form will be considered as void for such proposal and the Skillsoft Shares represented by your Voting Form will not be voted with respect to that proposal.
If you sign and return your Proxy without indicating how to vote on any particular proposal, the person designated by Skillsoft will not be able to vote on your behalf on such proposal at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting.
Q.
MAY I CHANGE MY VOTE AFTER I HAVE MAILED MY SIGNED PROXY OR VOTING FORM?
A.
Yes, subject to applicable contractual obligations under the Support Agreements and the Skillsoft Shareholders’ Agreement. Shareholders may send a later-dated, signed Voting Form to the registered office of the Company by any means of communication allowing for the transmission of written text (e.g., by hand with acknowledgement of receipt, by registered post, by special courier or by e-mail at secretariat@exeq-partners.lu (with original to follow)) so that it is received at least twenty-four (24) hours prior to the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting. Shareholders also may revoke their Proxy by sending a notice of revocation to the registered office of the Company by any means of communication allowing for the transmission of written text (e.g., by hand with acknowledgement of receipt, by registered post, by special courier or by e-mail at secretariat@exeq-partners.lu (with original to follow)), which must be received prior to the vote at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting.
Q.
WHAT HAPPENS IF I FAIL TO TAKE ANY ACTION WITH RESPECT TO THE SKILLSOFT EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING?
A.
If you fail to take any action with respect to the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting and the Merger is approved by shareholders and consummated, you will become a shareholder of the Post-Combination Company. If you fail to take any action with respect to the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting and the Merger is not approved, you will continue to be a shareholder of Skillsoft.
Q.
HOW WILL I RECEIVE THE MERGER CONSIDERATION TO WHICH I AM ENTITLED?
A.
No more than ten (10) days after the mailing of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, Skillsoft
 
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shareholders will receive a letter of transmittal and written instructions for surrendering their book-entry shares from the exchange agent. Each Skillsoft shareholder will be required to deliver to the exchange agent customary evidence of ownership of its shares as determined by the exchange agent as set forth in the letter of transmittal. After receiving the proper documentation from you, following the effective time of the Merger, the exchange agent will deliver to you the merger consideration to which you are entitled. See the section entitled “The Merger — Conversion of Shares; Exchange Procedures” beginning on page 227.
Q.
WHO CAN HELP ANSWER MY QUESTIONS?
A.
If you have questions about the Merger or if you need additional copies of the proxy statement/prospectus you should contact the Company by e-mail at secretariat@exeq-partners.lu.
You may also obtain additional information about Skillsoft from documents filed with the SEC by following the instructions in the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information.” If you have questions regarding the certification of your position or delivery of your shares, please contact the Company by e-mail at secretariat@exeq-partners.lu.
 
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SUMMARY
This summary highlights selected information included in this joint proxy statement/prospectus and does not contain all of the information that may be important to you. You should read this entire document and its annexes and the other documents to which we refer before you decide how to vote. Each item in this summary includes a page reference directing you to a more complete description of that item.
The Merger and the Skillsoft Merger Agreement (pages 228 and 259)
The terms and conditions of the Merger are contained in the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, which is attached as Annex A to this joint proxy statement/prospectus. We encourage you to read the Skillsoft Merger Agreement carefully, as it is the legal document that governs the Merger.
If the Skillsoft Merger Agreement is approved and adopted and the Merger is subsequently completed, Skillsoft will merge with and into Churchill, Skillsoft will cease to exist and Skillsoft’s subsidiaries will become subsidiaries of Churchill.
Skillsoft Merger Consideration (page 259)
Cancellation of Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares. At the effective time of the Merger, (i) each outstanding Skillsoft Class A Share (other than shares owned by Churchill, which will automatically be canceled and retired and will cease to exist, and no consideration will be delivered in exchange therefor) will be automatically cancelled and Churchill will issue as consideration therefor (A) 6.25 shares of Churchill Class A common stock and (B) one share of Churchill Class C common stock and (ii) each outstanding Skillsoft Class B Share will be automatically cancelled and Churchill will issue as consideration therefor 28.125 shares of Churchill Class A common stock, in each case except for any fractional shares of Churchill Class A common stock which would result (which will instead be paid out in cash in accordance with the Skillsoft Merger Agreement; such payment in cash will not represent separately bargained-for consideration, and will not exceed ten percent (10%) of the nominal value of the shares issued by Churchill in the context of the Merger in accordance with Article 1020-3 of the Luxembourg Companies’ Law). Immediately following the effective time of the Merger, each outstanding share of Churchill Class C common stock issued to former holders of Skillsoft Class A Shares in connection with the Merger will be redeemed for a redemption price of (i) $131.51 per share in cash and (ii) $5.208 per share in Incremental Loans under the Existing Second Out Credit Agreement.
Fractional Shares. No fractional shares of Churchill Class A common stock will be issued. In lieu of the issuance of any such fractional shares, Churchill has agreed to pay to each former holder of Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares who otherwise would be entitled to receive such fractional share an amount in cash, without interest, rounded down to the nearest cent, after deducting any required withholding taxes, equal to the product of (i) the amount of the fractional share interest in a share of Churchill Class A common stock to which such holder otherwise would have been entitled multiplied by (ii) an amount equal to the VWAP of shares of Churchill Class A common stock for the 20 trading days prior to the date that is three business days prior to the closing.
Recommendation of the Churchill Board of Directors (page 248)
The Churchill board of directors has unanimously determined that the Merger, on the terms and conditions set forth in the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, is advisable and in the best interests of Churchill and its stockholders and has directed that the proposals set forth in this joint proxy statement/prospectus be submitted to its stockholders for approval at the Churchill Special Meeting on the date and at the time and place set forth in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The Churchill board of directors unanimously recommends that Churchill’s stockholders vote “FOR” the Merger Proposal, “FOR” the Merger Issuance Proposal, “FOR” the Charter Amendment Proposal, “FOR” the Charter Approval Proposal, “FOR” the Governance Proposal, “FOR” the election of each of the seven director nominees in the Director Election Proposal, “FOR” the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, “FOR” the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, “FOR” the Incentive Plan Proposal and “FOR” the Adjournment Proposal, if presented.
 
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Recommendation of the Skillsoft Board of Directors (page 245)
The Skillsoft board of directors has unanimously determined that the Skillsoft Merger Proposal, the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the Merger, on the terms and conditions set forth in the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, are to the advantage and in the benefit and corporate interest of Skillsoft and its shareholders and has directed that the proposals set forth in this joint proxy statement/prospectus be submitted to its shareholders for approval at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting on the date and at the time set forth in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The Skillsoft board of directors unanimously recommends that Skillsoft’s shareholders vote “FOR” the approval of the Skillsoft Merger Proposal, the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the Merger and “FOR” the Skillsoft Charter Amendment Proposal.
Churchill Special Meeting of Stockholders (page 91)
The Special Meeting of stockholders of Churchill will be held at 9:00 a.m., eastern time, on           , 2021, in virtual format, to consider and vote upon the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Governance Proposal, the Director Election Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal and, if necessary, the Adjournment Proposal to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies in the event that there are insufficient votes for, or otherwise in connection with, the approval of the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal or the Incentive Plan Proposal or we determine that one or more of the closing conditions under the Skillsoft Merger Agreement is not satisfied or waived.
Stockholders will be entitled to vote or direct votes to be cast at the Churchill Special Meeting if they owned shares of Churchill common stock at the close of business on April 28, 2021, which is the record date for the Churchill Special Meeting. Stockholders will have one vote for each share of Churchill common stock owned at the close of business on the record date for the Churchill Special Meeting. If your shares are held in “street name” or are in a margin or similar account, you should contact your broker to ensure that votes related to the shares you beneficially own are properly counted. Churchill warrants do not have voting rights. On the record date, there were 86,250,000 shares of Churchill common stock outstanding, of which 69,000,000 were Public Shares and 17,250,000 were Founder Shares held by the Sponsor.
A quorum of Churchill stockholders is necessary to hold a valid meeting. A quorum will be present at the Churchill Special Meeting if a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at the meeting are represented in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or by proxy. Abstentions and broker non-votes will count as present for the purposes of establishing a quorum. The Sponsor owns of record and is entitled to vote 20% of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock. Such shares, as well as any shares of Churchill common stock acquired in the aftermarket by the Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers, will be voted in favor of the proposals presented at the Churchill Special Meeting. The proposals presented at the Churchill Special Meeting will require the following votes:

The approval of each of the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Governance Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal, if presented, will require the affirmative vote of the majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting.

The approval of the Merger Proposal will require the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock on the record date, voting together as a single class.

The approval of the Charter Amendment Proposal and the Charter Approval Proposal will require the affirmative vote of (i) the holders of a majority of the Founder Shares then outstanding, voting separately as a single class, and (ii) the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock on the record date, voting together as a single class.

With respect to the Director Election Proposal, directors are elected by a plurality of all of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or
 
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represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting. This means that the seven director nominees who receive the most affirmative votes will be elected. Stockholders may not cumulate their votes with respect to the election of directors.
Abstentions and broker non-votes will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Merger Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal and the Charter Approval Proposal. With respect to the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Governance Proposal, the Director Election Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal, if presented, abstentions from voting and broker non-votes will have no effect on such proposals. Please note that holders of the Public Shares can exercise their redemption rights whether they vote their Public Shares for or against, or whether they abstain from voting on, the Merger Proposal or any other proposal described in this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Consummation of the Merger is conditioned on approval of each of the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal and the Incentive Plan Proposal. If any of these proposals is not approved, the other proposals will not be presented to the stockholders for a vote. If the Adjournment Proposal is approved, the Churchill Special Meeting will be adjourned to a later date or dates to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies.
Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting (page 118)
The Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting will be held at              Central European Time, on            , 2021, in virtual format, (a) to acknowledge (i) the Skillsoft Merger Proposal, (ii) the detailed written report of the board of directors of Skillsoft and the detailed written report of the board of directors of the Acquiring Company, (iii) the common independent expert’s report prepared by PKF Audit & Conseil as independent auditor (réviseur d’entreprises), (iv) that all the documents required by article 1021-7 of the Luxembourg law of 10 August 1915 on commercial companies, as amended, have been deposited at Skillsoft’s registered office or on its website for due inspection by the shareholders at least one month before the date of the general meeting of shareholders of Skillsoft resolving on the Skillsoft Merger Proposal and (v) the effective date of the Merger and the date from which the operations of Skillsoft will be treated as having been carried out on behalf of Churchill from an accounting point of view, (b) to consider and approve the Skillsoft Merger Proposal, the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, the Merger, and the Skillsoft Charter Amendment Proposal and (c) to delegate powers to Skillsoft’s board of directors to confirm the satisfaction of the condition precedents to the Merger.
Each Skillsoft Class A Share and Skillsoft Class B Share entitles the holder thereof to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting. Shareholders will be entitled to vote if they are shareholders of record of Skillsoft Shares on the date of the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting. As of            , 2021, the latest practicable date prior to the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, Skillsoft had           Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares, in the aggregate, issued and outstanding and entitled to vote. Those persons who are holders of Skillsoft Shares or who otherwise have such meeting rights with respect to Skillsoft Shares on            , 2021 and who are registered as such in the Register may vote at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting by means of a voting form, or authorize a third party designated by Skillsoft to attend and, if relevant, vote at the meeting on their behalf through the use of a proxy.
Resolutions by the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting must be adopted by at least two-thirds of the value of the outstanding Skillsoft Shares, unless another standard of votes and/or a quorum is required by virtue of applicable law or our articles of association. Skillsoft’s articles of association require a quorum of at least a majority of the issued and outstanding Skillsoft Shares be present or represented at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting. In case the quorum is not met in the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, the Skillsoft shareholders may be convened a second time, provided that a quorum of at least a majority of the issued and outstanding Skillsoft Shares shall be required at any such second meeting. The affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the value of the outstanding Skillsoft Shares is required to adopt resolutions on the agenda items listed in this joint proxy statement/prospectus for resolution at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting.
 
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Churchill’s Directors and Executive Officers Have Financial Interests in the Merger (page 55)
Churchill’s executive officers and directors may have interests in the Merger that may be different from, or in addition to, the interests of Churchill’s stockholders. The members of the Churchill board of directors were aware of and considered these interests, among other matters, when they approved the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and recommended that Churchill stockholders approve the proposals required to effect the Merger.
Skillsoft’s Directors and Executive Officers Have Financial Interests in the Merger (page 55)
Skillsoft’s executive officers and directors may have interests in the Merger that may be different from, or in addition to, the interests of Skillsoft’s shareholders. The members of the Skillsoft board of directors were aware of and considered these interests, among other matters, when they approved the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and recommended that Skillsoft shareholders approve the proposals required to effect the Merger.
Regulatory Approvals Required for the Merger (page 256)
Completion of the Merger is subject to approval under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended (the “HSR Act”). Churchill has agreed to take any and all steps to make all required filings and promptly obtain all required regulatory approvals and Churchill and Skillsoft have agreed to request early termination of any waiting period under the HSR Act. Churchill received notice of early termination of the waiting period under the HSR Act on November 10, 2020.
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences (page 285)
The tax consequences of the transactions to each Skillsoft shareholder may depend on such holder’s particular facts and circumstances. Skillsoft shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors to understand fully the consequences to them of the transactions in their specific circumstances.
Material Income Tax Consequences in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (page 292)
The tax consequences of the transactions to each Skillsoft shareholder may depend on such holder’s particular facts and circumstances. Skillsoft shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors to understand fully the consequences to them of the transactions in their specific circumstances.
Appraisal Rights (page 316)
Holders of Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares are not entitled to appraisal rights in connection with the Merger under Luxembourg law.
Holders of Churchill common stock are not entitled to appraisal rights in connection with the Merger under Delaware law.
Conditions to the Merger (page 271)
Conditions to Each Party’s Obligations
The respective obligations of each of Skillsoft and Churchill to complete the Merger are subject to the satisfaction of the following conditions:

the applicable waiting period(s) under the HSR Act in respect of the transactions contemplated by the Skillsoft Merger Agreement shall have expired or been terminated, and all other government approvals specified in the Skillsoft Merger Agreement shall have been obtained or, if applicable, shall have expired, shall have been waived or shall have been terminated;

there shall not be any governmental order prohibiting the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Skillsoft Merger Agreement;

Churchill shall have at least $5,000,001 of net tangible assets (as determined in accordance with Rule 3a51-1(g)(1) of the Exchange Act) after the redemption offer is completed;
 
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the registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part shall have become effective in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act, no stop order shall have been issued by the SEC which remains in effect with respect to the registration statement, and no proceeding seeking such a stop order shall have been threatened or initiated by the SEC which remains pending;

the approval by Churchill stockholders of the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal and the Incentive Plan Proposal shall have been obtained;

the approval by Skillsoft shareholders of the Joint Merger Proposal, the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Skillsoft Merger Agreement shall have been obtained;

the Churchill Class A common stock to be issued in connection with the Merger and the PIPE Investments shall have been approved for listing on the NYSE, subject only to official notice thereof;

the redemption offer in relation to the Public Shares shall have been completed in accordance with the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and this joint proxy statement/prospectus;

the Luxembourg Auditor shall have delivered the Auditor Report; and

the Available Cash shall equal or exceed $644,000,000.
Conditions to Obligations of Churchill
The obligation of Churchill to complete the Merger is also subject to the satisfaction, or waiver by Churchill, of the following conditions:

the accuracy of the representations and warranties of Skillsoft as of the date of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and as of the closing date of the Merger, other than, in most cases, those failures to be true and correct that would not reasonably be likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on Skillsoft;

each of the covenants of Skillsoft required to be complied with on or before the closing shall have been complied with in all material respects;

the receipt of a certificate signed by an authorized officer of Skillsoft certifying that Skillsoft’s preceding conditions with respect to its representations and warranties have been satisfied;

the absence of an “Event of Default” under Skillsoft’s Existing Credit Agreements (as defined in the Skillsoft Merger Agreement); and

the absence of a material adverse effect with respect to Skillsoft.
Conditions to Obligations of Skillsoft
The obligation of Skillsoft to complete the Merger is also subject to the satisfaction or waiver by Skillsoft of the following conditions:

the accuracy of the representations and warranties of Churchill as of the date of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and as of the closing date of the Merger, other than, in most cases, those failures to be true and correct that would not reasonably be expected to materially impair or delay Churchill’s ability to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Skillsoft Merger Agreement or otherwise perform its obligations under the Buyer Transaction Agreements (as defined in the Skillsoft Merger Agreement);

each of the covenants of Churchill required to be complied with on or before the closing shall have been complied with in all material respects;

the receipt of a certificate signed by an authorized officer of Churchill certifying that Churchill’s preceding conditions with respect to its representations and warranties have been satisfied; and

the Sponsor Agreement has not been amended or modified without Skillsoft’s prior written consent from the date of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement until the closing.
 
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No Solicitation (page 265)
Except as expressly permitted by the provisions of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement (the “no solicitation provisions”), from the date of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement to the closing date or, if earlier, the valid termination of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement in accordance with its terms, Skillsoft has agreed not to, and shall not authorize or permit any of its affiliates or representatives to, directly or indirectly:

make or negotiate any offer or proposal involving any third party to (A) issue, sell or otherwise transfer any interest in Skillsoft or any of its subsidiaries or all or any material portion of its or their assets, or (B) enter into any definitive agreement with respect to, or otherwise effect, any Other Sale (as defined in the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company, filed on August 27, 2020) other than with Churchill or any of its affiliates, recapitalization, refinancing, merger or other similar transaction involving Skillsoft or its subsidiaries (any of the foregoing, an “alternative proposal”);

solicit any inquiries or proposals regarding any alternative proposal;

initiate any discussions with or provide any non-public information or data to any third party that would encourage, facilitate or further any effort or attempt to make or implement an alternative proposal; or

enter into any agreement with respect to any alternative proposal made by any third party;
provided, that the foregoing shall not restrict Skillsoft or its affiliates or representatives from disclosing to its shareholders any unsolicited proposal received in connection with any alternative proposal to the extent required by their obligations under applicable law. Skillsoft shall, and shall cause its affiliates and representatives to, immediately cease any and all existing discussions or negotiations with any person conducted prior to the date of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement with respect to, or which is reasonably likely to give rise to or result in, an alternative proposal.
Through the closing date or earlier valid termination of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, Churchill has agreed not take, nor permit any of its subsidiaries or representatives to take, whether directly or indirectly, any action to solicit, initiate, continue or engage in discussions or negotiations with, or enter into any agreement with, or encourage, respond, provide information to or commence due diligence with respect to, any person or entity (other than Skillsoft, its subsidiaries and/or any of their affiliates or representatives), concerning, relating to or which is intended or is reasonably likely to give rise to or result in, any offer, inquiry, proposal or indication of interest, written or oral relating to (x) any initial business combination or (y) any other business combination that would reasonably be expected to (i) adversely impact the ability of either party to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, (ii) materially delay the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Skillsoft Merger Agreement (it being understood that any delay of greater than 10 business days shall be deemed to be material) or (iii) violate or otherwise breach the covenant described under “The Skillsoft Merger Agreement — Covenants and Agreements — Conduct of Businesses Prior to the Completion of the Merger”, in each case other than with Skillsoft, its subsidiaries and their respective affiliates and representatives (each, a “business combination proposal”).
Churchill has agreed to provide Skillsoft with written notice at least two business days prior to its or any of its subsidiaries’ entry into any definitive agreement with respect to any business combination permitted by the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, which notice shall put forth the material terms of the transaction and identify the third-parties party thereto.
Churchill has agreed to, and to cause its subsidiaries and representatives to, immediately cease any and all existing discussions or negotiations with any person or entity conducted prior to the date of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement with respect to, or which is reasonably likely to give rise to or result in, business combination proposal. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the foregoing shall not restrict Churchill’s affiliates (including the Sponsor) that are not subsidiaries of Churchill in any way with respect to pursuit of a business combination or a business combination proposal for such affiliates’ other investment vehicles other than Churchill or its subsidiaries.
 
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Termination (page 272)
The Skillsoft Merger Agreement may be terminated under certain circumstances at any time prior to the effective time of the Merger, whether before or after adoption of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement by Skillsoft’s shareholders or approval of the proposals required to effect the Merger by Churchill’s stockholders.
Mutual termination rights
The Skillsoft Merger Agreement may be terminated and the transactions contemplated thereby abandoned:

by mutual written consent of Skillsoft and Churchill;

by written notice from either Skillsoft or Churchill to the other if the approval of Churchill stockholders to the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal and the Incentive Plan Proposal are not obtained at the Churchill Special Meeting (subject to any adjournment or recess of the Churchill Special Meeting);

by written notice from either Skillsoft or Churchill to the other if the closing shall not have occurred by the termination date; provided, that if the closing shall not have occurred on or before the termination date due to a material breach of any representations, warranties or covenants contained in the Skillsoft Merger Agreement by Churchill or Skillsoft, then the party that failed to fulfill such obligations or breached the Skillsoft Merger Agreement may not terminate the Skillsoft Merger Agreement pursuant to this clause; or

by written notice from either Skillsoft or Churchill to the other if any government authority shall have issued a final, non-appealable order that permanently enjoins the consummation of the Merger; provided, that the right to terminate the Skillsoft Merger Agreement under this clause shall not be available to a party whose action or failure to fulfill any obligation under the Skillsoft Merger Agreement has been the cause of, or has resulted in, the issuance of such order or other action.
Skillsoft termination rights
The Skillsoft Merger Agreement may be terminated and the transactions contemplated thereby abandoned:

prior to the closing, by written notice to Churchill from Skillsoft if there is any breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement on the part of Churchill set forth in the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, such that any condition described under the heading “The Skillsoft Merger Agreement — Conditions to the Merger; Conditions to Obligations of Skillsoft” would not be satisfied (a “terminating Churchill breach”), Skillsoft does not waive such breach and such terminating Churchill breach (i) is curable by Churchill and is not cured by Churchill prior to the earlier to occur of (A) twenty (20) business days after receipt by Churchill of Skillsoft’s notice of its intent to terminate and (B) the termination date or (ii) is incapable of being cured prior to the termination date; provided, that the right to terminate under this paragraph shall not be available if Skillsoft is in material breach of its obligations under the Skillsoft Merger Agreement on such date; or

by written notice to Churchill from Skillsoft, if the Churchill board of directors shall have made, prior to the Churchill Special Meeting, a Churchill Change in Recommendation.
Churchill termination rights
The Skillsoft Merger Agreement may be terminated and the transactions contemplated thereby abandoned:

by written notice to Skillsoft if the approval of Skillsoft shareholders to the Skillsoft Merger Proposal is not obtained at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting (subject to any adjournment or recess of the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting); or

by written notice to Skillsoft from Churchill if there is any breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement on the part of Churchill set forth in the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, such that
 
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any condition described under the heading “The Skillsoft Merger Agreement — Conditions to the Merger; Conditions to Obligations of Churchill” would not be satisfied (a “terminating Skillsoft breach”), Churchill does not waive such breach and such terminating Skillsoft breach (i) is curable by Skillsoft and is not cured by Skillsoft prior to the earlier to occur of (A) twenty (20) business days after receipt by Churchill of Skillsoft’s notice of its intent to terminate and (B) the termination date or (ii) is incapable of being cured prior to the termination date; provided, that the right to terminate under this paragraph shall not be available if Churchill is in material breach of its obligations under the Skillsoft Merger Agreement on such date.
See “The Skillsoft Merger Agreement — Termination” beginning on page 260.
The foregoing description of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the actual agreement, a copy of which is attached as Annex A to this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Other Agreements (page 275)
Sponsor Agreement
Pursuant to the terms of a Sponsor Agreement entered into among Churchill, the Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers, the Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have agreed to vote any Founder Shares held by them and any Public Shares purchased during or after the Churchill IPO in favor of an initial business combination and each of the other related proposals presented at the Churchill Special Meeting. The Sponsor, Churchill’s directors and officers and their permitted transferees own at least 20% of Churchill’s outstanding common stock entitled to vote thereon. The quorum and voting thresholds at the Churchill Special Meeting and the Sponsor Agreement may make it more likely that Churchill will consummate the Merger. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Sponsor Agreement, the Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have agreed to waive their redemption rights with respect to any Founder Shares and any Public Shares held by them in connection with the completion of a business combination. See “Other Agreements — Sponsor Agreement”.
The foregoing description of the Sponsor Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the actual agreement, a copy of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part.
Skillsoft Support Agreements
In connection with the execution of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, Churchill and Skillsoft entered into a support agreement (each, a “Support Agreement” and collectively, the “Support Agreements”) with certain of Skillsoft’s shareholders (collectively, the “Supporting Skillsoft Shareholders” and each, a “Supporting Skillsoft Shareholder”) that collectively hold Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares representing approximately 61% of the aggregate voting power of the outstanding Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares. Each Support Agreement provides, among other things, that each Supporting Skillsoft Shareholder will vote all of such Supporting Skillsoft Shareholders’ then-outstanding shares of Skillsoft in favor of the Merger and any other proposal reasonably necessary under applicable law to effect the Merger at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting. In addition, the Support Agreements (i) require each Supporting Skillsoft Shareholder to exercise their drag-along rights pursuant to Skillsoft’s Shareholders’ Agreement (as defined in the Support Agreements) as promptly as practicable following the time that the registration statement becomes effective to require other shareholders of Skillsoft to take all actions in connection with consummating the Merger as Skillsoft may reasonably request, including voting in favor of Skillsoft’s adoption of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and (ii) prohibit the Supporting Skillsoft Shareholders from engaging in activities that have the effect of soliciting a competing alternative proposal. See “Other Agreements — Skillsoft Support Agreements”.
The foregoing description of the Support Agreements and the transactions contemplated thereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the actual agreements, a form of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part.
 
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Subscription Agreements
Prosus Agreements
On October 12, 2020, in connection with the execution of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, MIH Edtech Investments B.V. (formerly known as MIH Ventures B.V.) (“MIH Edtech Investments”), entered into a subscription agreement (the “Prosus Subscription Agreement”) with Churchill and the Sponsor, and on February 16, 2021 MIH Edtech Investments assigned all of its rights, title and interest in and to, and obligations under, the Prosus Subscription Agreement to MIH Learning B.V. (“Prosus”) and Prosus accepted such assignments. Pursuant to the Prosus Subscription Agreement, Prosus subscribed for 10,000,000 newly-issued shares of Churchill Class A common stock, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share, to be issued at the closing (the “First Step Prosus Investment”), and Churchill granted Prosus a 30-day option (the “Option”) to subscribe for up to the lesser of (i) an additional 40,000,000 newly-issued shares of Churchill Class A common stock, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share or (ii) such additional number of shares that would result in Prosus beneficially owning shares of Class A common stock representing 35% of the issued and outstanding shares of Churchill Class A common stock on a fully-diluted and as-converted basis (excluding any warrants issued to Prosus pursuant to the Prosus Subscription Agreement) immediately following the consummation of the Merger (the “Prosus Maximum Ownership Amount”) (the “Second Step Prosus Investment” and together with the First Step Prosus Investment, the “Prosus PIPE Investment”). On November 10, 2020, Prosus exercised the Option to subscribe for an additional 40,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock in the Second Step Prosus Investment (or such number of shares as may be reduced pursuant to the Prosus Subscription Agreement). Churchill and Prosus also agreed that following the consummation of the Merger, to the extent that following the Prosus Second Step Investment, Prosus beneficially owns less than the Prosus Maximum Ownership Amount, Prosus will have the concurrent right to purchase a number of additional shares of Churchill Class A common stock, at $10.00 per share, that would result in Prosus maintaining beneficial ownership of at least, but no more than, the Prosus Maximum Ownership Amount (the “Prosus Top-Up Right”). The level of redemptions will have a potentially inverse impact on the number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock that Prosus can subscribe for and purchase in the Second Step Prosus Investment, and if applicable, the Prosus Top-Up Right, as the amount of shares of Churchill Class A common stock to be issued to Prosus in the Second Step Prosus Investment or Prosus Top-Up Right, if applicable, is limited to the number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock that would result in Prosus beneficially owning the Prosus Maximum Ownership Amount, which is calculated immediately following the consummation of the Merger and therefore gives effect to any shares issued in connection with the Merger as well as any redemptions. See “Summary — Ownership of the Post- Combination Company.”
Pursuant to the Prosus Subscription Agreement, in connection with Prosus’s exercise of the Option and following consummation of the Prosus PIPE Investment, Prosus will have the right to nominate a number of directors to Churchill’s Board in proportion to its beneficial ownership of the Churchill Class A common stock; provided that, if (i) Prosus’s ownership percentage of the aggregate outstanding shares of Churchill Class A common stock is at least 20%, Prosus will have the right to designate or nominate no less than two designees to Churchill’s Board; (ii) Prosus’s ownership percentage of the aggregate outstanding shares of Churchill Class A common stock is at least 10%, Prosus will have the right to designate or nominate no less than one designee to Churchill’s Board; and (iii) Prosus’s ownership percentage of the aggregate outstanding shares of Churchill Class A common stock is less than 5%, Prosus will not have any director nomination right.
In connection with the execution of the Prosus Subscription Agreement, MIH Edtech Investments entered into a strategic support agreement (the “Strategic Support Agreement”) with Churchill, and on February 16, 2021, MIH Edtech Investments assigned all of its rights, title and interest in and to, and obligations under, the Strategic Support Agreement to Prosus and Prosus accepted such assignments. Pursuant to the Strategic Support Agreement, Prosus agreed to provide certain business development and investor relations support services in the event it exercises the Option and beneficially owns at least 20% of the outstanding Churchill Class A common stock following closing of the Prosus PIPE Investment on a fully-diluted and as-converted basis. If Prosus exercises the Option and consummates the Prosus PIPE Investment, it will also nominate an individual to serve as the chairman of Churchill’s Board, subject to customary approval by Churchill’s nominating and corporate governance committee.
 
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Pursuant to the Prosus Subscription Agreement, in connection with Prosus’s exercise of the Option and concurrently with the consummation of the Second Step Prosus Investment, Churchill will issue to Prosus warrants to purchase a number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock equal to one-third of the number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock purchased in the Prosus PIPE Investment (the “Prosus Warrants”). The Prosus Warrants will have terms substantively identical to those included in the units offered in the Churchill IPO.
The issuance of the shares of Churchill Class A common stock pursuant to the Prosus Subscription Agreement is subject to approval by Churchill’s stockholders. The obligations to consummate the Prosus PIPE Investment are conditioned upon, among other things, customary closing conditions, expiration or termination of the waiting period under the HSR Act, satisfaction of the closing conditions under the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, the consummation of the Merger and, with respect to the Second Step Prosus Investment, (i) a written notification issued by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (“CFIUS”) that it has determined that the Prosus PIPE Investment is not a “covered transaction” and not subject to review by CFIUS under applicable law, (ii) a written notification issued by CFIUS that it has concluded all action under Section 721 of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (codified at 50 U.S.C. § 4565) and all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, including those codified at 31 C.F.R. Parts 800 and 801 (the “DPA”) and determined that there are no unresolved national security concerns with respect to the Prosus PIPE Investment or (iii) if CFIUS has sent a report to the President of the United States (the “President”) requesting the President’s decision and either (a) the President shall have notified the parties hereto of his determination not to use his powers pursuant to the DPA to suspend or prohibit the consummation of the Subscription or (B) the fifteen (15) days allotted for presidential action under the DPA shall have passed without any determination by the President. Prosus received notice of early termination of the waiting period under the HSR Act in respect of the Prosus PIPE Investment on December 15, 2020. On May 3, 2021, Prosus received notice from CFIUS that it has concluded all action under Section 721 of the DPA and determined that there are no unresolved national security concerns with respect to the Prosus PIPE Investment. The consummation of the Prosus PIPE Investment is not a condition to the closing of the Merger.
SuRo Subscription Agreement
On October 14, 2020, in connection with the execution of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, Churchill entered into a subscription agreement with SuRo Capital Corp. (“SuRo”) pursuant to which SuRo subscribed for 1,000,000 newly-issued shares of Churchill Class A common stock, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share (the “SuRo PIPE Investment”), to be issued at the closing of the Merger (the “SuRo Subscription Agreement”). Mark Klein, a Churchill director and brother of Michael Klein, manages and has an ownership interest in SuRo. The issuance of the shares of Churchill Class A common stock pursuant to the SuRo Subscription Agreement is subject to approval by Churchill’s stockholders because the number of shares of Class A common stock issuable pursuant to the SuRo Subscription Agreement, together with the shares of Class A common stock issuable pursuant to the Prosus Subscription Agreement, represents greater than 20% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding before such issuance and may result in a change of control of Churchill. The obligations to consummate the transactions contemplated by the SuRo Subscription Agreement are conditioned upon, among other things, customary closing conditions and the consummation of the Merger.
See “Other Agreements — Subscription Agreements”.
The foregoing descriptions of the Subscription Agreements and the transactions contemplated thereby are not complete and are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, the actual agreements, copies of which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part.
Stockholders Agreement
In connection with the execution of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, Churchill entered into a Stockholders Agreement (the “Stockholders Agreement”) with the Sponsor and Michael Klein. Pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement, the Sponsor has the right to nominate two directors to Churchill’s Board following the closing of the Merger (the “Churchill Directors”) so long as it holds 5% of the aggregate
 
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outstanding shares of Class A common stock. If the Sponsor’s ownership of the aggregate outstanding shares of Churchill Class A common stock is less than 5% (but is equal to or greater than 1%), the Sponsor will have the right to nominate one Churchill Director; and if the Sponsor’s ownership of the aggregate outstanding shares of Churchill Class A common stock is less than 1%, the Sponsor will not have any director nomination rights. See “Other Agreements — Stockholders Agreement”.
The foregoing description of the Stockholders Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the actual agreement, a copy of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part.
Registration Rights Agreement
In connection with the execution of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, Churchill, Skillsoft and the Sponsor entered into an amended and restated registration rights agreement (“Registration Rights Agreement”), which will become effective upon the consummation of the Skillsoft Merger. Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, Churchill has agreed to provide to the stockholders holding at least 5% of the registrable securities then outstanding up to four “demand” long-form registrations, an unlimited number of short-form registrations and customary underwritten offering and “piggyback” registration rights with respect to the Churchill Class A common stock and warrants to purchase shares of Churchill Class A common stock, subject to certain conditions. The Registration Rights Agreement also provides that Churchill will pay certain expenses relating to such registrations and indemnify the stockholders against certain liabilities. See “Other Agreements — Registration Rights Agreement”.
Pursuant to the Prosus Subscription Agreement, the SuRo Subscription Agreement and the Lodbrok Subscription Agreement (as defined below), each of Prosus, SuRo and Lodbrok (as defined below) shall enter into a joinder, or otherwise become a party, to the Registration Rights Agreement.
The foregoing description of the Registration Rights Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the actual agreement, a copy of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part.
Lock-up Agreements
In connection with the Merger, all shares of Churchill Class A common stock issued as merger consideration will be subject to a 180-day lock-up period beginning on the closing date of the Merger.
In addition, the Founder Shares are subject to a lock-up until the earlier of (i) one year after the completion of Churchill's initial business combination; and (ii) the date on which Churchill consummates a liquidation, merger, stock exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction after Churchill’s initial business combination that results in all of Churchill’s public stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of Churchill common stock for cash, securities or other property. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the last reported sale price of Churchill Class A common stock equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30 trading day period commencing at least 150 days after Churchill's initial business combination, the Founder Shares will be released from the lock-up. The private placement warrants are subject to a lock-up until 30 days after the completion of Churchill’s initial business combination.
Furthermore, each of Prosus and Lodbrok have agreed to lock-up periods on the Churchill Class A common stock issued to them in connection with their respective subscription agreements beginning on the closing date of the Merger and ending on the same date the Founder Shares are released from their lock-up.
Engagement of the Klein Group
Churchill has engaged the Klein Group, an affiliate of M. Klein and Company, LLC, the Sponsor and Michael Klein, to act as Churchill’s financial advisor in connection with the Merger, the Global Knowledge Merger and the PIPE Investments. Pursuant to this engagement, no fees will be payable upon the closing
 
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of the Merger and Churchill will pay the Klein Group an advisory fee of $4.0 million, which shall be earned upon the closing of the Global Knowledge Merger, and 2% of the principal amount raised in connection with the PIPE Investments (excluding any principal amount raised from an affiliate of Churchill). Therefore, the Klein Group and Michael Klein have a financial interest in the completion of the Merger in addition to the financial interest of the Sponsor (with whom they are affiliated). The engagement of the Klein Group and the payment of the advisory fee has been approved by Churchill’s audit committee and the Churchill Board in accordance with Churchill’s related persons transaction policy. Churchill will also provide a customary indemnity to the Klein Group in connection with this engagement.
Transactions Subsequent to the Merger
Global Knowledge Merger Agreement (page 280)
On October 12, 2020, Churchill entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Global Knowledge Merger Agreement”) by and among Churchill, Magnet Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Churchill (“Merger Sub”), and Albert DE Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation owned by investment funds affiliated with Rhône Capital L.L.C. (“Global Knowledge”).
Pursuant to the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into Global Knowledge, with Global Knowledge surviving the transaction as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Churchill (the “Global Knowledge Merger”). At the effective time (the “Global Knowledge Effective Time”) of the Global Knowledge Merger, as consideration for the Global Knowledge Merger, 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Global Knowledge will be converted, in the aggregate, into the right to receive warrants, each of which shall entitle the holders thereof to purchase one share of Churchill Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share. The aggregate number of warrants to be received by the equity holders of Global Knowledge as consideration in the Global Knowledge Merger will be 5,000,000. The warrants to be issued to the equity holders of Global Knowledge will be non-redeemable and otherwise substantially similar to the private placement warrants issued to the Sponsor in connection with the Churchill IPO.
The consummation of the proposed Global Knowledge Merger (the “Global Knowledge Closing”) is subject to the consummation of the Merger, among other conditions to closing described herein (see Conditions to Closing below) and contained in the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement. The Merger is not conditioned upon the consummation of the proposed Global Knowledge Merger. Although Churchill stockholders and Skillsoft shareholders are not voting on the Global Knowledge Merger, we provide information in this joint proxy statement/prospectus (including business description, risk factors, management’s discussion and analysis of Global Knowledge, and pro forma information) about Global Knowledge given the qualitative and quantitative impact that the Global Knowledge Merger will have on the Post-Combination Company following the Merger.
Representations and Warranties
The Global Knowledge Merger Agreement contains customary representations and warranties of the parties thereto with respect to, among other things, (i) entity organization, formation and authority, (ii) capital structure, (iii) authorization to enter into the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement, (iv) licenses and permits, (v) taxes, (vi) financial information, (vii) real property, (viii) material contracts, (ix) title to assets, (x) absence of changes, (xi) employee matters, (xii) compliance with laws, (xiii) litigation, (xiv) transactions with affiliates, (xv) regulatory matters and (xvi) intellectual property.
Covenants
The Global Knowledge Merger Agreement includes customary covenants of the parties with respect to operation of the Global Knowledge business prior to the consummation of the Global Knowledge Merger and efforts to satisfy conditions to the consummation of the Global Knowledge Merger. The Global Knowledge Merger Agreement also contains additional covenants of the parties, including, among others, (i) covenants providing for Churchill and Global Knowledge to use reasonable efforts to obtain all necessary regulatory approvals, (ii) covenants providing for Global Knowledge to cooperate with Churchill in the preparation of this joint proxy statement/prospectus required to be filed in connection with the Skillsoft
 
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Merger, (iii) covenants providing for Global Knowledge to use reasonable best efforts to provide cooperation or assistance with the consummation of the Existing Debt Restructuring (as defined in the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement) and other transactions contemplated by the Restructuring Support Agreement (as defined in the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement), (iv) covenants providing for Global Knowledge to use reasonable best efforts to consummate the Existing Debt Restructuring (as defined in the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement) prior to the date the Global Knowledge Closing occurs, (v) covenants by Churchill to use reasonable best efforts to comply in all material respects with its obligations under the Skillsoft Merger Agreement subject to the terms and conditions thereof to the extent any noncompliance with such obligations would prevent or delay the closing of the Merger (however, Churchill will not be required to amend or waive a closing condition under the Skillsoft Merger Agreement or otherwise renegotiate the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement in order to satisfy its obligations under the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement) and to keep Global Knowledge reasonably apprised of the status of matters relating to the completion of the Skillsoft Merger, including with respect to the negotiations relating to the satisfaction of the closing conditions in respect thereof and (vi) covenants providing that Churchill will use its reasonable best efforts to obtain financing to the extent necessary to satisfy the Available Closing Date Cash Condition and subject to certain limitations.
Global Knowledge Exclusivity Restrictions
Except as expressly permitted by the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement, from after the date of the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement to the Global Knowledge Effective Time or, if earlier, the valid termination of the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement in accordance with its terms, Global Knowledge has agreed, among other things, not to take, whether directly or indirectly, any action to (i) make or negotiate any offer or proposal involving any third party to issue, sell or otherwise transfer any interest in Global Knowledge or any of its subsidiaries or all or any material portion of its or their assets, or enter into any definitive agreement with respect to, or otherwise effect, any recapitalization, refinancing, merger or other similar transaction involving Global Knowledge or its subsidiaries other than with Churchill or its affiliates, (any of the foregoing hereinafter referred to as a “Global Knowledge Alternative Proposal”), (ii) solicit any inquiries or proposals regarding any Global Knowledge Alternative Proposal, (iii) initiate any discussions with or provide any non-public information or data to any third party that would encourage, facilitate or further any effort or attempt to make or implement a Global Knowledge Alternative Proposal, or (iv) enter into any agreement with respect to any Global Knowledge Alternative Proposal made by any third party; provided that prior to the Closing, Global Knowledge and its affiliates or representatives may disclose to Global Knowledge’s shareholders any unsolicited proposal received in connection with any Global Knowledge Alternative Proposal to the extent required by their obligations under applicable laws.
However, Global Knowledge may initiate, respond to and progress discussions in respect of a Global Knowledge Alternative Proposal if (x) (i) either Skillsoft or Churchill notifies the other party that such other party is in breach of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, which breach has not been cured for 20 days from the date of such breach or otherwise waived by the other party, (ii) the initial date of Churchill’s special stockholder meeting in connection with the Merger is postponed by Churchill by more than 15 days or (iii) the Global Knowledge Closing has not occurred by the date that is six months following the date of the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement and (y) the board of directors of Global Knowledge has determined in good faith, on the basis of advice from legal counsel, that failure to seek a Global Knowledge Alternative Proposal is inconsistent with the directors’ fiduciary duties under applicable law. Global Knowledge is obligated to keep Churchill reasonably apprised of any inquiries or proposals regarding, or upon entering into, any negotiations in respect of a Global Knowledge Alternative Proposal.
Conditions to Closing
The consummation of the Global Knowledge Merger is subject to customary closing conditions, including, among other things, (i) the consummation of the Skillsoft Merger, (ii) the expiration or termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, (iii) the absence of any governmental order, prohibiting the consummation of the Transactions (as defined in the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement), (iv) Pro-Forma Available Closing Date Cash (as defined in the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement) of not less than $50,000,000.00, (v) the absence of an “Event of Default” under New Credit Agreements (as defined in the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement), (vi) the
 
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absence of a Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement) and (vii) customary bringdown conditions with respect to each parties’ representations and warranties and covenants. Churchill received notice of early termination of the waiting period under the HSR Act on November 10, 2020.
Termination
The Global Knowledge Merger Agreement may be terminated at any time, but not later than the Global Knowledge Closing, as follows:

by mutual written consent of Churchill and Global Knowledge;

by either Churchill or Global Knowledge if the other party has breached any of its covenants or representations and warranties such that any closing condition would not be satisfied at the Global Knowledge Closing (subject to a cure period of 30 business days and waiver by the non-breaching party);

by either Churchill or Global Knowledge if the transactions are not consummated on or before, June 12, 2021 or, if the closing of the Merger occurs, the date that is the later of (x) 3 months following the closing of the Merger and (y) April 12, 2021, but, in no event later than June 12, 2021 (the “Global Knowledge Outside Date”) (provided that a party does not have the right to terminate under this provision if such party’s material breach of any representations, warranties or covenants causes the Global Knowledge Closing not to occur prior to Global Knowledge Outside Date);

by either Churchill or Global Knowledge if a governmental entity shall have issued a final, non-appealable governmental order permanently enjoining or prohibiting the consummation of the Global Knowledge Merger (provided that the party whose action or inaction causes the governmental order does not have the right to terminate under this provision);

automatically (subject to Churchill’s right to waive such automatic termination within one day thereafter) if (x) the Global Knowledge RSA (as defined below) has been terminated or is no longer in full force and effect, (y) any Existing Forbearance Agreement (as defined in the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement) has been terminated or is no longer in effect, and/or the forbearance by the lenders thereunder contemplated by any Existing Forbearance Agreement is otherwise no longer in effect, and/or (z) if Global Knowledge files for Chapter 11 under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code or otherwise commences any similar insolvency proceeding in any jurisdiction;

automatically (subject to Churchill’s right to waive such automatic termination within one day thereafter) at the time at which (x) the loans or commitments under any Existing Debt Agreement (as defined in the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement) has been accelerated and/or (y) the Lenders (as defined in the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement) take any action to foreclose upon, take possession of, sell, or enforce any lien or encumbrance on any of their collateral and/or the Required Consenting Lenders (as defined in the Global Knowledge RSA) elect to deliver a formal notice that they intend to initiate an action against Global Knowledge to enforce their rights or seek remedies under the Existing Credit Agreements (as defined in the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement);

by Churchill (provided that if Global Knowledge files for Chapter 11 under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, such termination will be automatic without any further action by Churchill, subject to Churchill’s right to waive such automatic termination within one day thereafter), if (i) (x) Global Knowledge breaches its obligations under each Existing Debt Agreement or the Global Knowledge RSA and/or (y) if any of the Requisite Consenting Lenders under the Global Knowledge RSA breach their obligations thereunder or (ii) the Global Knowledge RSA is modified without Churchill’s consent, in each case of clause (i) and (ii), in a manner that has, or would reasonably be expected to have, a non-de minimis adverse economic impact on the rights of Global Knowledge or Churchill;

automatically (subject to Churchill’s right to waive such automatic termination within 72 hours of gaining actual knowledge of its occurrence), following the occurrence of a default under any of the Existing Forbearance Agreements; or

by either Churchill or Global Knowledge, if the Skillsoft Merger Agreement has been validly terminated in accordance with its terms.
 
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See “Global Knowledge Agreements — Global Knowledge Merger Agreement”.
The foregoing description of the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the actual agreement, a copy of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part.
Lodbrok Subscription Agreement
On October 13, 2020, in connection with the execution of the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement, Churchill entered into a subscription agreement with Lodbrok Capital LLP (“Lodbrok”) pursuant to which Lodbrok subscribed for 2,000,000 newly-issued shares of Churchill Class A common stock, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share (the “Lodbrok PIPE Investment” and, together with the Prosus PIPE Investment and the SuRo PIPE Investment, the “PIPE Investments”), to be issued at the closing of the Global Knowledge Merger (the “Lodbrok Subscription Agreement”). The issuance of the shares of Churchill Class A common stock pursuant to the Lodbrok Subscription Agreement is not subject to approval by Churchill’s stockholders. The obligations to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Lodbrok Subscription Agreement are conditioned upon, among other things, customary closing conditions and the consummation of the Global Knowledge Merger.
See “Global Knowledge Agreements — Subscription Agreements”.
The foregoing description of the Lodbrok Subscription Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the actual agreement, a copy of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus forms a part.
Restructuring Support Agreement
On October 12, 2020, Global Knowledge entered into a Restructuring Support Agreement (the “Global Knowledge RSA”) with (i) 100% of its lenders under that certain Amended and Restated First Lien Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of January 30, 2015, as amended from time to time, by and among, inter alios, GK Holdings, as borrower, the guarantors from time to time party thereto, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Credit Suisse, acting in its capacity as administrative agent and collateral agent (the “First Lien Credit Agreement,” and the lenders thereto, the “First Lien Lenders”); and (ii) 100% of its lenders under that certain Amended and Restated Second Lien Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of January 30, 2015, as amended from time to time, by and among, inter alios, GK Holdings, as borrower, the guarantors from time to time party thereto, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Wilmington Trust, acting in its capacity as administrative agent and collateral agent (the “Second Lien Credit Agreement,” and there lenders thereto, the “Second Lien Lenders,” together with the First Lien Lenders, the “Secured Lenders”). The Global Knowledge RSA contemplates an out-of-court restructuring (the “Restructuring”) that provides meaningful recoveries, funded by Churchill, to all Secured Lenders. Churchill is a third-party beneficiary of the Global Knowledge RSA with respect to enforcement of certain specific provisions and its explicit rights under the Global Knowledge RSA and not a direct party.
Pursuant to a certain Consent Memorandum dated as of February 9, 2021, Credit Suisse, acting in its capacity as administrative agent under the First Lien Credit Agreement, and Wilmington Trust, acting in its capacity as administrative agent under the Second Lien Credit Agreement, confirmed their and the required consenting Secured Lenders’ consent to a partial waiver of the cash consideration condition to the Restructuring of up to $1.45 million (such reduction, the “Retention Plan Cash Consideration Reduction”). The Retention Plan Cash Consideration Reduction is to be applied on a pro rata basis between the cash consideration due to the First Lien Lenders and the cash consideration due to the Second Lien Lenders based on the aggregate claims under the First Lien Credit Agreement and the aggregate claims under the Second Lien Credit Agreement, calculated as of the Out-of-Court Transaction Effective Date (as defined in the Global Knowledge RSA). Such consent was provided in connection with certain payments made from Global Knowledge’ cash on-hand pursuant to a certain retention plan intended to retain certain Global Knowledge personnel through the occurrence of the Out-of-Court Transaction Effective Date (as defined in the Global Knowledge RSA). As a result of the partial waiver and the payments made by Global Knowledge
 
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under such retention plan, the aggregate cash consideration due to the Secured Lenders in connection with the Restructuring was reduced from $156 million to 154.6 million. On February 6, 2021, Churchill consented to the payments to be made by Global Knowledge under such retention plan.
On the Out-of-Court Transaction Effective Date (as defined in the Global Knowledge RSA), which shall occur concurrently with the Global Knowledge Closing (and only upon such closing), (a) the First Lien Lenders will receive (i) $143.5 million of cash minus the First Lien Lenders’ pro rata portion of the Retention Plan Cash Consideration Reduction and (ii) $50 million in aggregate principal amount of new term loans (or an equivalent amount of cash in lieu thereof), (b) the Second Lien Lenders will receive (i) $12.5 million of cash minus the Second Lien Lenders’ pro rata portion of the Retention Plan Cash Consideration Reduction and (ii) $20 million in aggregate principal amount of new term loans (or an equivalent amount of cash in lieu thereof) and (c) the lenders under Global Knowledge's credit and guaranty agreement, dated as of November 26, 2019, will be paid in full in cash (including all outstanding principal amounts, accrued and unpaid interest and fees thereunder) (each of (a), (b) and (c), as set forth in the term sheet attached to the Global Knowledge RSA (the “Restructuring Term Sheet”)).
On the Out-of-Court Transaction Effective Date (as defined in the Global Knowledge RSA), which shall occur concurrently with the Global Knowledge Closing (and only upon such closing), each holder of a claim arising under that certain Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of November 26, 2019, by and among, inter alios, Global Knowledge Holdings B.V. and Global Knowledge Network (Canada), Inc., as borrowers, the guarantors from time to time party thereto, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Blue Torch Finance LLC, in its capacity as administrative agent, will be paid in cash, in full (including all accrued and unpaid interest through the date of repayment), as set forth in the Restructuring Term Sheet, and estimated, as of the date of the filing, to be $15.5 million.
Under the Global Knowledge RSA, the Secured Lenders have agreed, subject to certain terms and conditions, to support the Restructuring of the existing debt of, existing equity interests in, and certain other obligations of Global Knowledge, on the terms set forth in the Global Knowledge RSA.
In accordance with the Global Knowledge RSA, the Secured Lenders agreed, among other things, to: (i) support the Restructuring as contemplated by the Global Knowledge RSA and the definitive documents governing the Restructuring; (ii) not take any action, directly or indirectly, to interfere with acceptance, implementation or consummation of the Restructuring; and (iii) not transfer their claims under the First Lien Credit Agreement and Second Lien Credit Agreement, as applicable, except with respect to limited and customary exceptions, including requiring any transferee to either already be bound or become bound by the terms of the Global Knowledge RSA.
In accordance with the Global Knowledge RSA, Global Knowledge agreed, among other things, to: (i) support and take all steps reasonably necessary and desirable to consummate the Restructuring in accordance with the Global Knowledge RSA; and (ii) not, directly or indirectly, object to, delay, impede, or take any other action to interfere with acceptance, implementation or consummation of the Restructuring.
See “Global Knowledge Agreements — Restructuring Support Agreement”.
Listing (page 258)
Churchill Class A common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol “CCX”. Following the Merger, the Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company (including the Class A common stock issuable in the Merger) will be listed on the NYSE under the symbol “SKIL”.
Comparison of Stockholders’ Rights (page 294)
Churchill is incorporated under Delaware law, and Skillsoft is incorporated under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. There are a number of differences between the rights of a stockholder of Churchill and the rights of a shareholder of Skillsoft. We encourage you to review the discussion titled “Comparison of Stockholders’ Rights”.
 
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Risk Factors Summary (page 36)
You should consider all the information contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus in deciding how to vote for the proposals presented in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. In particular, you should consider the factors described under “Risk Factors”. Such risk factors include, but are not limited to:
Risks Related to the Operation of Skillsoft’s Business

COVID-19 has impacted our business, operating results and financial condition, as well as customers and suppliers in industries that we serve.

Failure of customers to fully adopt and migrate to our Percipio platform could result in lost revenue.

Failures relating to our direct sales teams or our indirect sales channel may impede our growth.

Material breaches or unauthorized access to customer data may result in loss of existing customers or failure to attract new customers, harm to our reputation, and significant liabilities.

Increased competition may result in decreased demand for our products and services, which may result in reduced revenue and gross profits and loss of market share.

New products introduced by us may not be successful.

Our failure to retain and attract highly qualified employees could harm our business.

Our alliances with third parties for learning content may be terminated or fail to meet our requirements.

Acquisitions may not produce the anticipated benefits and could harm our current operations.

Our success is dependent on our information systems and our SaaS infrastructure.

Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly and our results may fall below market expectations.

Demand for our products and services is susceptible to global market and economic conditions.

Our results of operations could be adversely affected by catastrophic events.

Unauthorized use of our intellectual property may result in competitive products or services.

Risks relating to our worldwide operations could negatively impact our future operating results.

Additional capital we may need to support our growth might not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

Our business could be affected by new governmental regulations regarding the Internet as well as by changes impacting the speed and reliability of the Internet.

Existing or future laws and regulations relating to privacy or data security could increase the cost of our products, limit their use and adoption, and subject us or our customers to litigation, regulatory investigations and penalties, and other potential liabilities.

Failure to comply with anti-bribery, anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.

Our business could be adversely affected if our products contain errors.

Changes in tax laws, unfavorable resolution of tax examinations, or exposure to additional tax liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

We could be subjected to legal actions based upon the content we include in our courseware or learning assets.
Risks Related to Skillsoft’s Indebtedness and Certain Other Obligations

Our degree of leverage could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry, expose us to interest rate risk and prevent us from meeting obligations on our indebtedness.
 
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Our debt agreements contain restrictions that limit our flexibility in operating our business.

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness.
Risks Related to Skillsoft’s Previous Capital Structure and Resulting Chapter 11 Cases

The ongoing effects of our prior capital structure, including our recent emergence from the Chapter 11 Cases, could adversely affect our business and relationships.

We may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability in the future.

Information contained in our historical financial statements will not be comparable to the information contained in our financial statements after the application of fresh-start accounting.
Risks Related to Skillsoft’s Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Critical Accounting Policies

If our assumptions related to our critical accounting policies change or prove to be incorrect, our results of operations could fall below expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in our stock price.

Failure to remediate our material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting could result in our failure to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.
Risks Related to the Merger

Due to fluctuations in Churchill Class A common stock, Skillsoft’s shareholders cannot be sure of the value of the merger consideration they will receive.

Skillsoft’s shareholders and Churchill stockholders each will have a reduced ownership and voting interest after the Merger and will exercise less influence over management.

The market price of shares of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock may be affected by factors different from those currently affecting the prices of shares of Churchill Class A common stock.

Churchill has not obtained an opinion from an independent investment banking firm, and consequently, there is no assurance from an independent source that the merger consideration is fair to its stockholders.

The market price of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock may decline if the Merger benefits do not meet market expectations.

Regulatory approvals may not be received, may take longer than expected or may impose conditions that are not presently anticipated or cannot be met.

If conditions to the Merger are not satisfied or waived, the Skillsoft Merger Agreement may be terminated and the Merger may not be completed, which could negatively impact Skillsoft and Churchill.

We may not be able to complete the PIPE Investments in connection with the Merger and the Global Knowledge Merger.

Skillsoft will be subject to business uncertainties and contractual restrictions while the Merger is pending.

Skillsoft and Churchill directors and officers may have interests in the Merger different from the interests of Skillsoft’s shareholders and Churchill’s stockholders, respectively.

Post-Combination Company directors may make changes in the strategy of Skillsoft.

Provisions in the Skillsoft Merger Agreement may discourage other companies from trying to acquire Skillsoft for greater merger consideration and prohibit Churchill from seeking an alternative business combination.
 
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The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is preliminary and based on a number of assumptions and the actual financial condition and results of operations may differ materially.

Churchill and Skillsoft will incur transaction costs in connection with the Merger.

Post-Combination Company’s organizational documents will govern the rights of Skillsoft shareholders.

The Sponsor has agreed to vote in favor of the proposals at the Churchill Special Meeting, regardless of how public stockholders vote.

Software Luxembourg Intermediate S.à r.l. may increase in value before the closing of the Merger, subjecting Skillsoft to significant tax liability in Luxembourg.
Additional Risks Related to Ownership of the Post-Combination Company’s Common Stock

Our Derivative Instruments (as defined below) are accounted for as liabilities and the changes in value of our Derivative Instruments could have a material effect on our financial results.

In connection with the restatement of our financial statements, our management has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting were not effective as of December 31, 2020 due to a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting solely related to our accounting for Derivative Instruments. If we are unable to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.

The stock price of the Post-Combination Company or New Skillsoft may change significantly following the Merger or the Global Knowledge Merger and you could lose all or part of your investment as a result.

If securities analysts do not follow Skillsoft’s business or if they downgrade the Post-Combination Company’s stock or Skillsoft’s sector, the Post-Combination Company’s stock price and trading volume could decline.

Future sales, or the perception of future sales, by the Post-Combination Company or its stockholders in the public market could cause the market price for the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock to decline.

Anti-takeover provisions could delay or prevent a change of control.

Exclusive forum designations could limit the Post-Combination Company’s stockholders’ ability to obtain a more favorable judicial forum for disputes.

Transformation of Skillsoft into a listed public company will increase its costs and may disrupt the regular operations of its business.
Risk Relating to Redemption

There is no guarantee that a Churchill public stockholder’s decision to redeem their shares for a pro rata portion of the trust account will put such stockholder in a better future economic position.

If Churchill public stockholders fail to comply with the redemption requirements specified in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, they will not be entitled to redeem their Public Shares.

If redemption rights are exercised with respect to a large number of shares, the Merger could be unsuccessful and that stockholders would have to wait for liquidation in order to redeem their stock.

If you or a “group” of stockholders of which you are a part are deemed to hold an aggregate of more than 15% of the Public Shares, you (or all of the members of the group in the aggregate) will lose the ability to redeem all such shares in excess of 15% of the Public Shares.
 
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Information about Churchill (page 120)
Churchill Capital Corp II is a blank check company formed in order to effect a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities. Churchill’s Class A common stock, units and public warrants are currently listed on the NYSE under the symbols “CCX”, “CCX.U” and “CCX WS”, respectively. The mailing address of Churchill’s principal executive office is 640 Fifth Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10019 and the telephone number of Churchill’s principal executive office is (212) 380-7500.
Information about Skillsoft (see additional information on page 138)
For more than 20 years, Skillsoft has been the leading global provider of digital learning and talent solutions, providing best-in-class content, products and services to a large, global customer base made up of blue-chip companies. We deliver solutions that help many of the world’s leading organizations develop and retain their employees and sell our broad portfolio of proprietary content to customers through our leading sales force. We are deeply embedded with our customers, and constantly evolving to address their needs and current market trends.
We partner with thousands of leading global organizations, including approximately 65% of Fortune 500. Our currently marketed solutions include: (i) Skillsoft learning content, (ii) the Percipio intelligent learning experience platform, and (iii) SumTotal, a SaaS-based Human Capital Management (HCM) solution, with a leading Talent Development platform. SumTotal is reported as an individual segment in the financial statements. Percipio, Skillport, and Dual Deployment (as defined below) are included in the Content Business segment.
The enterprise learning market (approximately $300 billion) and professional digital learning market (approximately $28 billion) are rapidly growing with significant tailwinds given employers’ focus on upskilling and the shift from in-person training to digital training accelerated by COVID-19. Organizations invest in learning and talent solutions to build a more motivated, skilled, and resilient workforce. We help them accomplish this by delivering a complete learning solution, supported by a proven, dynamic, deep and proprietary content portfolio. Our portfolio includes offerings in the Leadership and Business, Technology and Developer, and Compliance customer market segments. We provide our solutions through engaging learning platforms, including our award-winning, state of the art learning experience platform, Percipio.
Churchill has taken important steps toward repositioning Skillsoft as the leader in corporate digital learning and creating value for stockholders.

Combination with Global Knowledge. Global Knowledge is a leader in instructor-led IT training. We believe this acquisition will strengthen our Tech & Dev offerings and will create better multi-modal learning experiences and generate significant cost and revenue synergies.

Investment from Prosus. Prosus is a global consumer internet group and one of the largest technology and EdTech investors in the world. Our partnership with Prosus will provide both capital and expertise to support our growth.

Recruitment of new, leading management team. The new management team, led by CEO Jeff Tarr, will guide Skillsoft through its next phase of growth. Tarr is an experienced public company CEO with a track record of transforming tech-enabled content companies into industry leaders and creating value for stockholders.
The new Skillsoft management team will build on Skillsoft’s recent progress with a transformation strategy designed to grow revenue, improve operational efficiency, and increase cash flow, leveraging the full support and capital of Prosus and Churchill. See “Information About Skillsoft — Churchill’s Strategy for Value Creation” for key elements of the strategy.
The Skillsoft group is a global software and technology provider of digital learning, training, and talent solutions. Software Luxembourg Holdings S.A. is the top holding company of the Skillsoft group.
The mailing address of Skillsoft’s registered office is Bijou, 17 Boulevard Raiffeisen, L-2411 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, and its telephone number is (857) 317-7700.
 
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Litigation Matters
In connection with the Merger, certain Churchill stockholders have filed lawsuits and other stockholders have threatened to file lawsuits alleging breaches of fiduciary duty and violations of the disclosure requirements of the Exchange Act. Churchill intends to defend the matters vigorously. These cases are in the early stages and Churchill is unable to reasonably determine the outcome or estimate any potential losses, and, as such, has not recorded a loss contingency.
Organizational Structure
The following diagram illustrates, in a simplified form, the ownership structure of Churchill and Skillsoft as of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
[MISSING IMAGE: tm2037023d1-fc_ownershbwlr.jpg]
 
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The following diagram illustrates, in a simplified form, the ownership structure of the Post-Combination Company immediately following consummation of the Merger pursuant to which Software Luxembourg Holding S.A. merges into Churchill Capital Corp II.
[MISSING IMAGE: tm2037023d1-fc_skillsofbw.jpg]
 
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The following diagram illustrates, in a simplified form, the ownership structure of New Skillsoft immediately following consummation of the Global Knowledge Merger.
[MISSING IMAGE: tm2037023d1-fc_postcombw.jpg]
 
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Ownership of the Post-Combination Company
As of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, there are 86,250,000 shares of Churchill common stock issued and outstanding, including 17,250,000 shares of Churchill Class B common stock, each of which will be converted into one share of Class A common stock upon consummation of the Merger.
The following table illustrates ownership interests in the Post-Combination Company immediately following the consummation of the Merger assuming the levels of redemptions by the public stockholders indicated and assuming both the First Step Prosus Investment and the Second Step Prosus Investment (without any reduction to the 40,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock subscribed for by Prosus in its exercise of the Option) are consummated concurrently with the Merger.
No redemptions
Maximum redemptions
Number of
Shares
Percentage
of
Outstanding
Shares
Number of
Shares
Percentage of
Outstanding
Shares
(in thousands)
(in thousands)
Former equityholders of Skillsoft
28,500 17% 28,500 26%
Churchill’s public stockholders(1)
69,000 42% 13,262 12%
The Sponsor
17,250 10% 17,250 16%
PIPE Investors(2)
51,000 31% 51,000 46%
Total(3) 165,750 100% 110,012 100%
(1)
The Maximum Redemptions as shown in the pro forma capitalization excludes Skillsoft’s cash balance ($71.5 million, as of January 31, 2021), which will be legally available for redemptions. Inclusion of Skillsoft’s cash balance would increase the cash available for redemptions and could result in an increase in redemptions and decrease the percentage of ownership of Churchill public stockholders and increase the percentage ownership of Skillsoft Shareholders, the Sponsor and the PIPE Investors in a Maximum Redemptions scenario.
(2)
Does not include (i) the issuance of Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company in accordance with the Lodbrok Subscription Agreement that is effective upon the consummation of the Global Knowledge Merger or (ii) the issuance of Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company in connection with the exercise of the Prosus Top-Up Right.
(3)
Does not include (i) shares underlying 23,000,000 public warrants to purchase Churchill Class A common stock at $11.50 per share that are outstanding, (ii) shares underlying 15,800,000 private placement warrants issued to the Sponsor for $1.00 per warrant to purchase Churchill Class A common stock at $11.50 per share at the time of the Churchill IPO, (iii) shares underlying 1,500,000 private placement warrants issuable to the Sponsor for $1.00 per warrant to purchase Churchill Class A common stock at $11.50 per share as repayment for the $1,500,000 Sponsor Loan dated November 2, 2020, at consummation of the Merger, (iv) 5,000,000 warrants to be issued to the equity holders of Global Knowledge to purchase Churchill Class A common stock at $11.50 per share at consummation of the Global Knowledge Merger, (v) warrants, options or restricted shares expected to be issued to the new CEO or other employees pursuant to the Incentive Plan or (vi) shares underlying the Prosus Warrants.
 
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Summary Historical Financial Data For Churchill
The following table contains summary historical financial data for Churchill as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020 and as of December 31, 2019 and for the period from April 11, 2019 (inception) through December 31, 2019. Such data has been derived from the restated audited financial statements of Churchill, which are included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The restatement is more fully described in Note 2 to Churchill’s financial statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The information below is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the sections entitled “Information About Churchill,” “Selected Historical Financial Information of Churchill” and “Churchill’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in Churchill’s financial statements, and the notes and schedules related thereto, which are included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. You should not assume the results of operations for past periods indicate results for any future period. All amounts are in U.S. dollars. Certain amounts that appear in this section may not sum due to rounding. 
For the
Year Ended
December 31, 2020
For the
Period from
April 11,
2019
(Inception)
Through
December 31,
2019
Income Statement Data:
Net income (loss)
$ (72,459,185) $ (14,682,592)
Less: Income attributable to common stock subject to possible redemption
(1,525,296) (4,868,674)
Adjusted net income (loss)
$ (73,984,481) $ (19,551,226)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted(1)
27,526,131 21,438,529
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share
$ (2.68) $ (0.91)
(1)
Excludes an aggregate of 53,712,502 and 61,025,925 shares subject to possible redemption at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Balance Sheet Data (end of period):
Cash
$ 3,873,865 $ 2,238,275
Prepaid income taxes
27,140
Prepaid expenses
94,299 275,525
Marketable securities held in Trust Account
696,957,196 695,295,418
Total assets
700,925,360 697,836,358
Total liabilities
153,546,310 77,998,123
Common stock subject to possible redemption
542,379,042 614,838,229
Total stockholders’ equity
5,000,010 5,000,006
 
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Summary Historical Financial and Other Data For Skillsoft
The following tables present summary historical consolidated financial data of Pointwell Limited, the predecessor parent company for Skillsoft Corporation for periods prior to August 28, 2020 (the “Predecessor”) and Software Luxembourg Holding S.A. the successor parent company for Skillsoft Corporation (the “Successor”) for periods from August 28, 2020 onwards.
On June 14, 2020, Skillsoft Corporation, a subsidiary of Pointwell Limited, announced that it had entered into a Restructuring Support Agreement (the “Skillsoft RSA”) with a majority of its first and second lien lenders with the objective of reducing long-term debt while maintaining normal operations and paying all trade creditors in full. To efficiently implement the financial restructuring, Skillsoft Corporation and certain of its affiliates (including Pointwell Limited) voluntarily filed “pre-packaged” Chapter 11 cases in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware in addition to ancillary proceedings in Canada under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act seeking recognition of the U.S. Chapter 11 proceedings in Canada. The U.S. Bankruptcy Court approved the Skillsoft RSA at the Company’s confirmation hearing on August 6, 2020 and Skillsoft and its affiliates emerged from Chapter 11 on August 27, 2020. As a result of the reorganization, ownership interest in Pointwell Limited was transferred to a newly created legal entity, Software Luxembourg Holding S.A., the shares of which are owned by the lenders who had secured interest in Skillsoft and its affiliates prior to the petition date.
The consolidated statement of operations data for the Successor period from August 28, 2020 through January 31, 2021 and the balance sheet data as of January 31, 2021 have been derived from Software Luxembourg Holding S.A.’s audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The consolidated statement of operations data for the Predecessor period from February 1, 2020 through August 27, 2020 and for the Predecessor years ended January 31, 2020 and 2019 and the balance sheet data as of January 31, 2020 have been derived from Pointwell Limited’s audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The consolidated statement of operations data for the Predecessor year ended January 31, 2018 have been derived from Pointwell Limited’s audited consolidated financial statements not included in this joint proxy statement/prospecuts.
You should read the summary financial data presented below in conjunction with “Skillsoft’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the Successor and Predecessor consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The financial information contained in this section relates to the Successor and Predecessor, prior to and without giving pro forma effect to the impact of the Merger and the results reflected in this section may not be indicative of our results going forward.
In this section, unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise requires, “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Skillsoft.
 
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Consolidated Statements of Operations Data
($ in thousands)
Successor
Predecessor
Aug 28,
2020
through
Jan 31,
2021
Feb 1, 2020
through
Aug 27,
2020
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2020
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2019
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2018
Revenues:
Total revenues(1)
$ 108,768 $ 273,851 $ 514,021 $ 534,141 $ 547,309
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues
40,898 52,160 96,044 98,636 106,274
Content and software development
30,028 38,986 67,951 57,332 60,500
Selling and marketing
55,285 75,028 140,785 150,179 143,898
General and administrative
21,636 37,455 57,356 51,421 45,344
Recapitalization and transaction-related costs
15,928 32,099 16,244
Amortization of intangible assets
39,824 34,378 96,359 151,752 194,739
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets
332,376 440,598 16,094
Restructuring
4,341 1,179 1,900 2,073 2,524
      Total operating expenses
207,940 603,661 917,237 527,487 553,279
Operating (loss) income
(99,172) (329,810) (403,216) 6,654 (5,970)
Interest expense, net
(19,936) (168,236) (429,657) (395,842) (346,186)
Reorganization items, net
3,329,245
Other income (expense)
3,452 1,268 (5,120) (5,624) 8,812
Loss before provision (benefit) for income taxes
(115,656) 2,832,467 (837,993) (394,812) (343,344)
Provision for income taxes
(21,934) 68,455 11,212 5,027 1,373
Net (loss) income
$ (93,722) $ 2,764,012 $ (849,205) $ (399,839) $ (344,717)
(1)
On February 1, 2019, Predecessor adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. See Note 2 in the Pointwell Limited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus for additional information.
 
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Consolidated Balance Sheet Data
($ in thousands)
Successor
Predecessor
As of January 31,
2021
As of January 31,
2020
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 71,479 $ 18,799
Accounts receivable, net
      179,784 193,024
Total current assets(1)
284,553 263,250
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(1)(2)
66,925 68,790
Term loans and related-party debt and accrued interest
515,436 4,238,068
Total shareholder’s equity (deficit)
579,969 (2,761,744)
(1)
On February 1, 2019, Predecessor adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. See Note 2 in the Software Luxembourg Holding and Pointwell Limited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus for additional information.
(2)
On February 1, 2020, Predecessor adopted ASC Topic 842, Leases. See Note 2 in the Pointwell Limited and Software Luxembourg Holdings annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus for additional information.
 
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Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information
The following summary unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data (the “summary pro forma data”) gives effect to the Merger, the Global Knowledge Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger and the Global Knowledge Merger and described in the section entitled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements.” The Merger will be considered a business combination and will be accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting, whereby Churchill has been determined to be the accounting acquirer, in both the no redemption and maximum redemption scenarios.
The following summary pro forma data presents the combination of the financial information of Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge adjusted to give pro forma effect to the following transactions:

The reorganization of certain Skillsoft affiliates under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (the “Skillsoft Reorganization”);

The Merger in accordance with the Skillsoft Merger Agreement;

The issuance of (i) Class A common stock of the combined company in accordance with (i) the Prosus PIPE Subscription Agreement and (ii) the SuRo PIPE Subscription Agreement that are effective upon the consummation of the Merger (collectively the “PIPE Investments”). With respect to the issuance of Class A common stock of the combined company in accordance with the Prosus PIPE Subscription Agreement, the pro forma condensed combined financial statements have been prepared to reflect both the First Step and Second Step Prosus Investments (without any reduction to the 40,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock subscribed for by Prosus in its exercise of the Option and assuming no exercise of the Prosus Top-Up Right or issuance of the Prosus Warrants);

The Global Knowledge Merger in accordance with the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement; and

The issuance of Class A common stock of the combined company in accordance with the Lodbrok Subscription Agreement that is effective upon the consummation of the Global Knowledge Merger.
The summary unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data have been derived from, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information and the accompanying notes in the section entitled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.” The summary pro forma data is based upon, and should be read in conjunction with, the historical consolidated financial statements and related notes of Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge for the applicable periods included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The summary pro forma data is for illustrative purposes only and is based on information currently available and management’s assumptions and estimates. The summary unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data does not necessarily reflect what the Post-Combination Company’s financial condition or results of operations would have been had the Merger, and the Global Knowledge Merger occurred on the dates indicated. The summary unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data also may not be useful in predicting the future financial condition and results of operations of the combined company.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We track several non-GAAP metrics that we believe are key financial measures of our success. Non-GAAP measures are frequently used by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties in their evaluation of companies comparable to us, many of which present non-GAAP measures when reporting their results. These measures can be useful in evaluating our performance against our peer companies because we believe the measures provide users with valuable insight into key components of U.S. GAAP financial disclosures. For example, a company with higher U.S. GAAP net income may not be as appealing to investors if its net income is more heavily comprised of gains on asset sales. Likewise, excluding the effects of interest income and expense moderates the impact of a company’s capital structure on its performance. However, non-GAAP measures have limitations as an analytical tool. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. They are not presentations made in accordance with U.S. GAAP, are not measures of financial condition or liquidity, and should not be considered as an alternative to profit or loss for the period determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP or operating cash flows determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As a result, these performance measures should not be considered in isolation
 
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from, or as a substitute analysis for, results of operations as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. See “Information About Skillsoft — Non-GAAP Financial Measures” and “Information About Global Knowledge — Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
The following table sets forth Non-GAAP Financial Measures for the year ended December 31, 2020, on a pro forma combined basis, and after giving effect to the Skillsoft Reorganization, the Merger, the Global Knowledge Merger and the related transactions.
(amounts in thousands)
For the year ended
December 31, 2020*
Total pro forma combined revenue(1)
$ 532,137
Reversal of pro forma adjustments:
Skillsoft fresh-start reporting
32,502
Global Knowledge purchase accounting
6,932
Elimination of inter-company revenues
697
Plus impact of Skillsoft reorganization, primarily related to deferred revenue
91,686
Combined Adjusted revenue(3)
$ 663,954
Skillsoft Adjusted Revenue(2)
$ 474,305
Global Knowledge historical revenue
189,649
Combined Adjusted revenue(3)
$ 663,954
Total pro forma combined net income(4)
$ 2,520,072
Reversal of pro forma adjustments
(103,635)
Adjustments based on historical financial statements:(5)
(2,406,974)
Pro forma combined EBITDA(6)
$ 9,463
Reversal of Churchill purchase accounting, as reflected in pro forma
18,673
Reversal of Skillsoft fresh-start reporting, as reflected in pro forma
25,972
Reversal of Skillsoft purchase accounting, as reflected in pro forma
12,600
Reversal of Global Knowledge purchase accounting, as reflected in pro forma
14,388
Plus other adjustments(7)
81,469
Combined Adjusted EBITDA(8)
$ 162,565
*
Amounts for the year ended December 31, 2020 combine the historical (1) audited financial statements of Churchill as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020; (2) historical audited consolidated financial statements of Successor Skillsoft as of January 31, 2021 and for the period from August 28, 2020 to January 31, 2021, the historical audited consolidated financial statements of Predecessor Skillsoft for the period from February 1, 2020 to August 27, 2020; (3) unaudited statement of operations of Global Knowledge for the twelve months ended January 1, 2021, which were derived from the audited statement of operations for the year ended October 2, 2020 less the unaudited statement of operations for the three months ended December 27, 2019, plus the unaudited statement of operations for the three months ended January 1, 2021.
(1)
Pro forma Combined EBITDA reflects both historical revenue of Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge, and related pro forma adjustments as referred to within the section “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.
(2)
Skillsoft Adjusted Revenue reflects GAAP revenue excluding (i) impact of fresh-start reporting and purchase accounting and (ii) one-time impact of the deconsolidation of Canada.
(3)
Combined Adjusted Revenue includes the historical revenue of Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge, and excludes the impact of pro forma adjustments as referred to within the section “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.
(4)
Pro forma combined net income includes the historical results of Churchill, Skillsoft, and Global
 
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Knowledge, and related pro forma adjustments as referred to within the section “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.
(5)
The adjustment for the year end December 31, 2020 is primarily related to Skillsoft reorganization gain, offset by Skillsoft goodwill impairment and Churchill warrant and subscription agreement remeasurement losses. Refer to pages 152 and 201 for additional detail for Skillsoft and Global Knowledge, respectively.
(6)
Pro forma combined EBITDA includes the historical results of Churchill, Skillsoft, and Global Knowledge, and related pro forma adjustments as referred to within the section “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.” EBITDA represents net income plus or minus net interest, plus provision for income taxes, depreciation, amortization, and impact of the re-organization gain as a result of fresh-start reporting as they relate to Skillsoft’s historical financial statements.
(7)
Refer to pages 150 and 201 for a description of non-GAAP adjustments.
(8)
Combined Adjusted EBITDA includes the historical results of Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge, and excludes the impact of pro forma adjustments as referred to within the section “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.” Savings expected from cost and operating synergies are not reflected in the Combined Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA plus primarily non-cash items and non-recurring items that we consider useful to exclude in assessing our operating performance (e.g., stock-based compensation expense, restructuring charges, retention costs, recapitalization and transaction-related costs, net foreign currency impact and other net gains and losses, certain impacts of fresh-start and purchase accounting, and one-time impact of the deconsolidation of Canada).
The following table sets forth summarized financial information for the New Skillsoft for the year-ended December 31, 2020, on a pro forma combined basis, and after giving effect to the Skillsoft Reorganization, Merger, Global Knowledge Merger and the related transactions.
Pro Forma Condensed Combined
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
No
Redemptions(1)
Max
Redemptions(2)
Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations:
Year ended December 31, 2020
Revenue
$ 532,137 $ 532,137
Operating loss
(634,845) (634,845)
Net income
$ 2,520,072 $ 2,520,072
Net earnings per share – basic and diluted
$ 15.02 $ 21.55
Weighted-average Class A shares outstanding – basic and diluted
167,750,000 116,962,159
Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet:
As of December 31, 2020
Total current assets
$ 832,998 $ 320,041
Total assets
$ 2,585,592 $ 2,072,635
Total current liabilities
356,935 356,935
Total liabilities
$ 1,257,443 $ 1,257,443
Total stockholders’ equity
$ 1,328,149 $ 815,192
(1)
Reflecting the First and Second Step Prosus Investment and the Lodbrok PIPE Investment under a No Redemptions scenario.
(2)
Reflecting the First and Second Step Prosus Investment (without any reduction to the 40,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock subscribed for by Prosus in its exercise of the Option and assuming no exercise of the Prosus Top-Up Right), and the Lodbrok PIPE Investment under a Global Knowledge Max Redemptions scenario.
 
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The following table sets forth summarized financial information for the Post-Combination Company for the year ended December 31, 2020 on a pro forma combined basis, and after giving effect to the Skillsoft Reorganization, the Merger and the related transactions, but not the Global Knowledge Merger.
Skillsoft
Pro Forma Condensed
Combined (2)
(in thousands, except share and per
share data)
Churchill (1)
Skillsoft
Predecessor (3)
Skillsoft
Successor(4)
No
Redemptions
Max
Redemptions
As of and for the year ended December 31, 2020
Book value per share
$0.09 and $25.46
$ (32,665.91)
$143.46 and $181.87
$ 0.01 $ 0.01
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted
58,723,869
and 27,526,131
100,100
3,840,000 and 160,000
165,750,000 110,011,664
Net earnings (loss) per share – basic and diluted
$0.03 and $(2.68)
$ 27,640.12
$(24.97) and $13.44
$ 15.86 $ 23.89
(1)
Amounts computed based on Churchill Class A common stock subject to possible redemption and Non-redeemable common stock, respectively.
(2)
Pro forma Condensed Combined includes the historical financial information of only Churchill and Skillsoft, and related pro forma adjustments as referred to within the section “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.”
(3)
Based on historical financial information of Skillsoft Predecessor, which include the financial position and results of operations prior to August 28, 2020.
(4)
Summarized financial information reflects the financial position and results of operations of the Skillsoft Successor period (August 28, 2020 through January 31, 2021) and computed based on Skillsoft Successor Class A shares and Class B shares, respectively.
 
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MARKET PRICE AND DIVIDEND INFORMATION
Churchill
Churchill’s Class A common stock, units and public warrants and are traded on the NYSE under the symbols CCX, CCX.U and CCX.WS, respectively.
The closing price of Churchill Class A common stock, units and public warrants on October 12, 2020, the last trading day before announcement of the execution of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, was $10.20, $10.62 and $1.72, respectively. As of April 28, 2021, the record date for the Churchill Special Meeting, the most recent closing price for each of Churchill’s Class A common stock, unit and public warrant was $10.02, $10.49 and $1.47, respectively.
Holders of Churchill Class A common stock, units and public warrants should obtain current market quotations for their securities. The market price of Churchill’s securities could vary at any time before the Merger.
Holders
As of April 28, 2021, there was one holder of record of Churchill’s units, one holder of record of Churchill Class A common stock, one holder of record of Churchill Class B common stock and one holder of record of Churchill’s public warrants. The number of holders of record does not include a substantially greater number of “street name” holders or beneficial holders whose units, Public Shares and public warrants are held of record by banks, brokers and other financial institutions.
Dividend Policy
Churchill has not paid any cash dividends on its common stock to date and does not intend to pay cash dividends prior to the completion of the Merger. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be dependent upon the Post-Combination Company’s revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition subsequent to completion of the Merger. The payment of any cash dividends subsequent to the Merger will be within the discretion of the Post-Combination Company’s board of directors at such time. The Post-Combination Company’s ability to declare dividends will also be limited by restrictive covenants pursuant to any debt financing.
Skillsoft
Historical market price information for Skillsoft’s capital stock is not provided because there is no public market for Skillsoft’s capital stock. See “Skillsoft’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
 
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS; MARKET, RANKING AND OTHER INDUSTRY DATA
This joint proxy statement/prospectus includes forward-looking statements regarding, among other things, the plans, strategies and prospects, both business and financial of Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of the management of Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge. Although Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge believe that their respective plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by these forward-looking statements are reasonable, none of Churchill, Skillsoft or Global Knowledge can assure you that any party will achieve or realize these plans, intentions or expectations. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Generally, statements that are not historical facts, including statements concerning possible or assumed future actions, business strategies, events or results of operations, are forward-looking statements. These statements may be preceded by, followed by or include the words “believes”, “estimates”, “expects”, “projects”, “forecasts”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “seeks”, “plans”, “scheduled”, “anticipates” or “intends” or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus include, but are not limited to, statements about the ability of Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge prior to the Merger and the Global Knowledge Merger, and the Post-Combination Company following the Merger and the Global Knowledge Merger, to:

meet the closing conditions to the Merger, including approval by stockholders of Churchill and Skillsoft on the expected terms and schedule;

meet the closing conditions of the Global Knowledge Merger;

realize the benefits expected from the proposed Merger and the proposed Global Knowledge Merger;

attract, train and retain an effective sales force and other key personnel;

upgrade and maintain information technology systems;

acquire and protect intellectual property;

meet future liquidity requirements and comply with restrictive covenants related to long-term indebtedness;

enhance future operating and financial results;

comply with laws and regulations applicable to its business;

successfully defend litigation; and

successfully deploy the proceeds from the Merger.
Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. You should not put undue reliance on these statements which speak only as of the date hereof. You should understand that the following important factors, in addition to those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, could affect the future results of Churchill and Skillsoft prior to the Merger, and the Post-Combination Company following the Merger and New Skillsoft following the Global Knowledge Merger, and could cause those results or other outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements in this joint proxy statement/prospectus:

any delay in closing of the Merger or the Global Knowledge Merger;

risks related to disruption of management’s time from ongoing business operations due to the proposed transactions;

the impact of changes in consumer spending patterns, consumer preferences, local, regional and national economic conditions, crime, weather, demographic trends and employee availability;

the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on our business, operating results and financial condition;

fluctuations in our future operating results;

our ability to successfully identify and consummate acquisition opportunities;
 
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the demand for, and acceptance of, our products and for cloud-based technology learning solutions in general;

our ability to compete successfully in competitive markets and changes in the competitive environment in our industry and the markets in which we operate;

our ability to develop new products;

a failure of our information technology infrastructure or any significant breach of security;

future regulatory, judicial and legislative changes in our industry;

the impact of natural disasters, public health crises, political crises, or other catastrophic events;

our ability to attract and retain key employees and qualified technical and sales personnel;

fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;

our ability to protect or obtain intellectual property rights;

our ability to raise additional capital;

the impact of our indebtedness on our financial position and operating flexibility; and

our ability to successfully defend ourselves in legal proceedings.
These and other factors that could cause actual results to differ from those implied by the forward-looking statements in this joint proxy statement/prospectus are more fully described under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The risks described under the heading“Risk Factors” are not exhaustive. Other sections of this joint proxy statement/prospectus describe additional factors that could adversely affect the business, financial condition or results of operations of Churchill and Skillsoft prior to the Merger, and the Post-Combination Company following the Merger and New Skillsoft following the Global Knowledge Merger. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible to predict all such risk factors, nor can Churchill or Skillsoft assess the impact of all such risk factors on the business of Churchill and Skillsoft prior to the Merger, and the Post-Combination Company following the Merger and the New Skillsoft following the Global Knowledge Merger, or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements attributable to Churchill or Skillsoft or persons acting on their behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing cautionary statements. Churchill and Skillsoft prior to the Merger, the Post-Combination Company following the Merger and New Skillsoft following the Global Knowledge Merger, undertake no obligations to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
In addition, statements of belief and similar statements reflect the beliefs and opinions of Churchill or Skillsoft, as applicable, on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to Churchill or Skillsoft, as applicable, as of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, and while such party believes such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and statements should not be read to indicate that Churchill or Skillsoft, as applicable, has conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and you are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.
Market, ranking and industry data used throughout this joint proxy statement/prospectus is based on the good faith estimates of Skillsoft’s management, which in turn are based upon Skillsoft’s management’s review of internal surveys, independent industry surveys and publications, and other third party research and publicly available information. These data involve a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such estimates. While Skillsoft is not aware of any misstatements regarding the industry data presented herein, its estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” and “Skillsoft’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
 
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RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the following risk factors, together with the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, including the financial statements and notes to the financial statements included herein, in evaluating the Merger and the proposals to be voted on at the Churchill Special Meeting or the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting. The following risk factors apply to the businesses of Skillsoft, the operation of the business by Skillsoft and will also apply to the business and operations of the Post-Combination Company following the completion of the Merger. The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described in these risk factors, alone or in combination with other events or circumstances, may adversely affect the ability to complete or realize the anticipated benefits of the Merger, and may have a material adverse effect on the business, cash flows, financial condition and results of operations of Skillsoft. You should carefully consider the following risk factors in addition to the other information included in this joint proxy statement/consent solicitation/prospectus, including matters addressed in the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements; Market, Ranking and Other Industry Data”.
Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known or that are currently expected to be immaterial may also materially and adversely affect Skillsoft’s or the combined company’s business, financial condition or results of operations or the price of Skillsoft’s ordinary shares following the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Skillsoft Merger Agreement.
In addition, past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods.
Risks Related to the Operation of the Acquired Businesses
In this section, unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise requires, “we”, “us”, and “our” refer to Skillsoft.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our business, operating results and financial condition, as well as the operations and financial performance of many of the customers and suppliers in industries that we serve. We are unable to predict the extent to which the pandemic and related effects will adversely impact our business operations, financial performance, results of operations, and financial position.
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a widespread health crisis and numerous disease control measures are being taken to limit its spread.
The impact of the pandemic on our business has included or could in the future include:

increases in operational expenses and other costs related to requirements implemented to mitigate the impact of the pandemic;

adverse effects on economies and financial markets globally or in various markets throughout the world, potentially leading to a prolonged economic downturn or reductions in business spending, which may result in decreased net revenue, gross margins, or earnings and/or in increased expenses;

reduced sales as a result of restrictions on travel, limiting the ability to stage in-person demonstrations, as well as prompting potential customers to defer purchase decisions given concerns over implementation of new solutions;

workforce disruptions due to illness, quarantines, governmental actions, other restrictions, and/or the social distancing measures we have taken to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic at certain of our locations around the world in an effort to protect the health and well-being of our employees and customers and of the communities in which we operate (including working from home, restricting the number of employees attending events or meetings in person, limiting the number of people in our offices at any one time, further restricting access to our facilities, suspending employee travel and the inability to meet in person with customers);

the inability for customers to pay based on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their businesses;

adverse effects on employee productivity and performance if required to work remotely for an even longer period of time;
 
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increases in health and welfare program costs;

the inability to procure the required equipment or services from partners and suppliers in a timely manner;

requests from customers to reduce their spend with us as a result of workforce reductions that they have had to undertake;

increased vulnerability to cyberattacks due to the significant number of employees working remotely; and

our management team continuing to commit significant time, attention and resources to monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and seeking to mitigate its effects on our business and workforce.
The ultimate extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time. These impacts, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Such effect may be exacerbated in the event the pandemic and the measures taken in response to it, and their effects, persist for an extended period of time, or if there is a resurgence of the outbreak. Under any of these circumstances, the resumption of normal business operations may be delayed or hampered by lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations, partners, and customers.
Failure of customers to fully adopt and migrate to our Percipio platform could result in lost revenue.
We developed Percipio, our intelligent online learning platform, to replace our legacy platform, Skillport. Successful migration of existing customers from Skillport to Percipio, is essential to our ability to maintain these customer relationships. As of January 31, 2021, approximately 63% of our customers either have agreements for Percipio-only access or for Dual Deployment (as defined below) access, representing approximately 75% of our total annual recurring revenue (ARR). Certain customers have only partially migrated to Percipio, and other customers continue to utilize our Skillport platform only. One reason customers have not migrated to the Percipio platform, partially or fully, is that the Percipio platform is not yet at feature parity with Skillport. While we expect Percipio to be at substantial parity with Skillport in 2021, including having completed integrations with applicable HCM partners, there can be no assurance that we will complete the required work or that once completed, we will be able to migrate those customers now on Skillport to Percipio. Given our intention to continue our focus and resources on our Percipio platform, it can be expected that we will lose customers that are unwilling to migrate to Percipio from Skillport over the next several years.
Failure to effectively retain, expand, and continue to increase the productivity of our direct sales teams and develop and expand our indirect sales channel may impede our growth.
We will need to continue to increase the productivity and enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of our sales and marketing infrastructure in order to grow our customer base and our business. Identifying, recruiting, and onboarding these people and partners will require significant time, expense, and attention. Our business will be seriously harmed and our financial resources will be wasted if our efforts do not generate a corresponding increase in revenue, and we may be required to sacrifice near-term growth and divert management time and attention in order to drive growth. In particular, if we are unable to successfully optimize our sales structure to strengthen core competencies, align incentives, improve retention, and grow new business, we may not be able to significantly increase our revenue, profitability, and/or free cash flows.
If our security measures are breached or unauthorized access to customer data is otherwise obtained, our platforms may be perceived as insecure, we may lose existing customers or fail to attract new customers, our reputation may be harmed, and we may incur significant liabilities.
Unauthorized access to, or other security breaches of, our platforms or the other systems or networks used in our business, including those of our vendors, contractors, or those with which we have strategic relationships, could result in the loss, compromise or corruption of data, loss of business, reputational damage adversely affecting customer or investor confidence, regulatory investigations and orders, litigation,
 
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indemnity obligations, damages for contract breach, penalties for violation of applicable laws or regulations, significant costs for remediation, and other liabilities. We have cyber/professional liability insurance coverage for certain information security and privacy damages and claim expenses, but this coverage may be insufficient to compensate us for all liabilities that we may incur.
Our platform and the other systems or networks used in our business are also at risk for breaches as a result of third-party action, or employee, vendor, or contractor error or malfeasance. Security is one of the learning curricula we provide on our platform, which may cause our platform to be a target for hackers and others, and which may cause our brand, credibility, and reputation to be particularly sensitive to any security breaches. We have incurred and expect to continue to incur significant expenses to prevent security breaches, including deploying additional personnel and protection technologies, training employees, and engaging third-party experts and consultants. However, since the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until after they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. We may also experience security breaches that may remain undetected for an extended period and, therefore, have a greater impact on our platform, the proprietary and other confidential data contained therein or otherwise stored or processed in our operations, and ultimately on our business.
Increased competition may result in decreased demand for our products and services, which may result in reduced revenue and gross profits and loss of market share.
The market for corporate learning and talent development solutions is highly fragmented, rapidly evolving and competitive. In addition to increased competition from new companies entering the market, established companies are entering the market through acquisitions of smaller companies, which directly compete with us, and this trend is expected to continue. We may also face competition from publishing companies, educational institutions, vendors of enterprise application software, and human resource outsourcers, including those vendors with whom we have formed development and marketing alliances. Our primary sources of direct competition are:

third-party suppliers of instructor-led information technology, software development, compliance, business, leadership management, and professional skills education and training;

enterprise software application providers with solutions they have developed to meet the needs of the human capital management;

technology companies that offer learning courses covering their own technology products;

suppliers of digital or distance learning solutions;

free learning content;

internal education and training departments and human resources outsourcers of potential customers;

value-added resellers and network integrators; and

educational institutions.
Growing competition may result in price reductions, reduced revenue and gross profits, and loss of market share, any one of which would have a material adverse effect on our business. Current and potential competitors have and may have substantially greater financial, technical, sales, marketing and other resources, as well as greater name recognition, and we may face increasing price pressures from competitors as buyers demand more value for their learning and talent development budgets. Accordingly, we may be unable to provide digital learning and talent development solutions that compare favorably with new technology-led techniques, other interactive training software or human capital management platforms, or new learning solutions. Our future success will depend upon the extent to which we are able to develop and implement products which address emerging market requirements on a cost effective and timely basis. Product development is risky because it is difficult to foresee developments in technology, coordinate technical personnel, and identify and eliminate design flaws. Any significant delay in releasing new products could have a material adverse effect on the ultimate success of our products and could reduce sales of predecessor products.
 
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Emerging technologies also impact the competitive landscape for learning and talent development solutions. New content development methodologies and/or features and functionality that enhance the learner experience could adversely impact our ability to compete in the market. New market entrants that provide technologies that improve the content delivery and/or management of learning solutions could also increase the level of competition in the market. In addition, even if companies implement technology-based learning solutions, they may still choose to design, develop, deliver, or manage all or part of their learning and development programs internally. If the shift to technology-based learning is not realized, or if companies do not use the products and services of third parties to develop, deliver, or manage their learning and development needs, then some of our products and services may not achieve commercial success.
Lower priced solutions from competitors and access to free content will put pricing pressure on our solutions, and our ability to compete and maintain pricing will be dependent on our ability to differentiate our learning content and the learner experience our platform delivers.
New products introduced by us may not be successful.
An important part of our growth strategy is the continued development and enhancement of our existing offerings and the introduction of new learning content and the delivery of enhanced platform features and functionality. These activities can open new revenue streams, ensure the currency of our content portfolio, and support customer renewals and upgrades. Despite our efforts, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in updating and enhancing our current learning assets, developing and introducing new learning content, or delivering enhanced or new platform features and functionality, or that what we develop or introduce will be met with commercial acceptance. The failure to successfully introduce new, and enhance existing, learning content and platform functionality will not only hamper our growth prospects, but may also adversely impact our net income due to the development and marketing expenses associated with those offerings.
We depend on senior leadership to manage and operate the business, and if we fail to retain and attract highly qualified employees our business could be harmed.
Our success is largely dependent on the personal efforts and abilities of our senior management. Failure to retain these executives, both prior to and after the consummation of the Merger, or the loss of certain additional senior management personnel or other key employees, could have a material adverse effect on our business and future prospects. In addition, in connection with the Merger and the Global Knowledge Merger, we expect to undergo significant changes to our management team, including the appointment of a new chief executive officer at closing.
Ours is a global business, and our success is also dependent, in part, on our ability to attract and retain qualified sales, marketing, and operational personnel capable of supporting a larger and more diverse worldwide customer base. The loss of a significant number of our technology, content or sales personnel and their services could be disruptive to our development efforts or customer relationships. In addition, if any of our key employees joins a competitor or decides to otherwise compete with us, we may experience a material disruption of our operations and business strategy, which may cause us to lose customers or increase operating expenses and may divert our attention as we seek to recruit replacements for the departed employees.
We rely on third parties to provide us with learning content and subject matter expertise, and have content production relationships with third parties for our courses and learning content, and our relationships with these third parties may be terminated or fail to meet our requirements.
We rely on independent third parties and subject matter experts to provide us with some of the learning content for certain of our courses and learning assets based on learning objectives and specific instructional design templates which we develop. We also have arrangements with content development partners for the production of our learning courseware and other digital learning assets. If these group development partners and content providers/subject matter experts were to stop working with us, we cannot predict whether content would be available from reliable alternative sources or that we could enter into development partner relationships on reasonable terms and in a timely manner. In addition, our digital book
 
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collections rely on third-party publishers to provide the content that is in our digital book offerings. If one or more of these publishers were to terminate their license with us, we may not be able to find substitute publishers for such content or we may be forced to pay increased royalties to these publishers to continue our licenses with them.
In the event that we are unable to maintain or expand our current development relationships or enter into new development relationships, our operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In addition, the collaborative nature of the development process under these arrangements may result in longer development times and less control over the timing of delivery of certain product offerings. Our strategic partners may from time to time renegotiate the terms of their agreements with us, which could result in changes to the royalty or other economic terms, which could reduce our gross margins.
The partners we rely on as part of the production process and for content or subject matter expertise may compete with us, which could harm our results of operations. Our agreements with these third parties generally do not restrict them from developing content for our competitors or from competing directly with us.
Acquisitions, including the proposed acquisition of Global Knowledge, may not produce the benefits we anticipate and could harm our current operations.
One aspect of our business strategy is to pursue acquisitions of businesses or technologies that will contribute to our future growth. However, we may not be successful in identifying or consummating attractive acquisition opportunities. Moreover, any acquisitions we do consummate may not produce benefits commensurate with the purchase price we pay or our expectations for the acquisition. Finally, acquisitions involve numerous risks, including:

difficulties in integrating the technologies, operations, business systems, financial controls, and personnel of the acquired company;

failure to realize expected synergies or capture the value required for the acquisition to be successful;

difficulties in retaining or transitioning customers and employees of the acquired company;

diversion of management time and focus;

the incurrence of unanticipated expenses associated with the acquisition or the assumption of unknown liabilities or unanticipated financial, accounting or other problems of the acquired company; and

accounting charges related to the acquisition, including restructuring charges, transaction costs, write-offs of in-process research and development costs, and subsequent impairment charges relating to goodwill or other intangible assets acquired in the transaction.
Our success is dependent on the reliability and consistent performance of our information systems and our Software as a Service (“SaaS”) infrastructure.
Our success is highly dependent on the consistent performance of our information systems and Internet infrastructure. If our SaaS environment fails for any reason or if it experiences any unscheduled downtimes, even for only a short period, our business and reputation could be materially harmed. We have in the past experienced performance problems and unscheduled downtime, and these problems could recur. We currently rely on third parties for proper functioning of computer infrastructure, delivery of our learning and talent development applications and the performance of our destination site. Our systems and operations could be damaged or interrupted by fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, break-ins, earthquake, financial patterns of hosting providers and similar events. Any system failures could adversely affect customer usage of our solutions and user traffic results in any future quarters, which could adversely affect our revenue and operating results and harm our reputation with customers and commerce partners. The satisfactory performance, reliability, and availability of our website, computer infrastructure and learning platform are critical to our reputation and ability to attract and retain customers and commerce partners. We cannot accurately project the rate or timing of any increase in traffic to our website and, therefore, the integration and timing of any upgrades or enhancements required to facilitate any
 
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significant traffic increase to the website are uncertain. The failure to expand and upgrade our website or if we experience any system error, failure or extended down time, our business, reputation, financial condition or results of operations could be materially harmed.
Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly, limiting your ability to evaluate historical financial results and increasing the likelihood that our results will fall below market analysts’ expectations.
Our operating results have historically fluctuated, and our operating results may in the future continue to fluctuate, as a result of factors, which include, without limitation:

the period between our initial contact with a potential customer and the purchase of our products by that customer, which typically ranges from three to eighteen months or more;

the size, timing and successful closing of new/renewal agreements and upgrades;

the speed of the migration of existing customers to our new platform

the announcement, introduction and acceptance of new products, product enhancements and technologies by us and our competitors;

the mix of sales between our field sales force, our other direct sales channels and our telesales channels;

general conditions in the U.S. and/or the international economy;

the loss of significant customers;

delays in availability of new products;

product or service quality problems;

seasonality — due to the budget and purchasing cycles of our customers, we expect order intake and billings will generally be strongest in the second half of our fiscal year and weakest in the first half of our fiscal year;

the spending patterns of our customers, including their internal budgeting, procurement, and approval processes;

royalty rates;

litigation costs and expenses;

non-recurring charges related to acquisitions;

growing competition that may result in price reductions and customer loss; and

currency fluctuations.
Most of our expenses, such as interest, rent and most employee compensation excluding sales commissions do not vary directly with revenue and are difficult to adjust in the short-term. As a result, if revenue for a particular quarter is below our expectations, we could not proportionately reduce operating expenses for that quarter. Any such revenue shortfall would, therefore, have a disproportionate effect on our expected operating results for that quarter.
Demand for our products and services is susceptible to general global market and economic conditions.
Weakness in the United States, the European Union (the “EU”) and/or the worldwide economy has had and could continue to have a negative effect on demand for our products and our results of operations. Companies may not view training products and services as critical to the success of their businesses. If these companies continue to experience disappointing operating results, whether as a result of adverse economic conditions, competitive issues or other factors, they may decrease or forgo education and training expenditures before limiting their other expenditures or in conjunction with lowering other expenses. In addition, during economic downturns, customers may slow the rate at which they pay vendors or may become unable to pay their debts as they become due, which would have a negative effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
 
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Further, the United Kingdom (the “UK”) withdrew from the EU on January 31, 2020, pursuant to a transitionary withdrawal agreement with the EU that in substance maintains the pre-withdrawal, status quo until the end of 2020. The full impact of the British exit from the EU (commonly known as “Brexit”). On December 24, 2020, the UK and the EU entered into a trade and cooperation agreement, effective January 1, 2021 (the “Brexit Trade Agreement”), which governs, among other things, trade between the UK and the EU. The full impact of the Brexit Trade Agreement and its related consequences remain uncertain, including with respect to ongoing negotiations between the UK and EU and new trade agreements with global trading partners. In addition, conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic have created many economic and political uncertainties which have impacted worldwide markets. These global economic and political conditions may impact our business in a number of ways. The revenue growth and potential profitability of our business depends on demand for digital learning content and enterprise human capital management application software generally and for learning and talent development solutions in particular. We sell our products primarily to large, mid-sized, and small business organizations whose businesses fluctuate based on general economic and business conditions.
In addition, a portion of our customer contract value is attributable to the number of users of our products at each of our customers, which in turn is influenced by the employment and hiring patterns of our customers and potential customers globally. To the extent that economic uncertainty or weak economic conditions cause our customers and potential customers to freeze or reduce their headcount, demand for our products may be negatively affected. Additionally, economic downturns have historically resulted in overall reductions in spending on information technology and learning and talent development solutions as well as pressure from customers and potential customers for extended billing terms. If economic, political, or market conditions deteriorate, or if there is uncertainty around these conditions, our customers and potential customers may elect to decrease their information technology and people development budgets by deferring or reconsidering product purchases, which would limit our ability to grow our business and negatively affect our operating results.
Our results of operations could be adversely affected by natural disasters, public health crises, political crises, or other catastrophic events.
Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and other adverse weather and climate conditions; unforeseen public health crises, such as pandemics and epidemics, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; political crises, such as terrorist attacks, war, and other political instability; or other catastrophic events, whether occurring in the United States or internationally, could disrupt our operations in any of our offices or the operations of one or more of our third-party providers and vendors. To the extent any of these events occur, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We may be unable to protect our proprietary rights. Unauthorized use of our intellectual property may result in development of products or services that compete with ours. Claims that we infringe upon the intellectual property rights of others could result in costly litigation or royalty payments to third parties, or require us to reengineer or cease sales of our products or services.
Our success depends to a degree upon the protection of our rights in intellectual property. We rely upon a combination of patent, trade secret, copyright, and trademark laws to protect our proprietary rights. We have also entered into, and will continue to enter into, confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants and third parties to seek to limit and protect the distribution of confidential information. However, we may not have signed protective agreements in every case.
Although we have taken steps to protect our proprietary rights, these steps may be inadequate. Existing patent, trade secret, copyright, and trademark laws offer only limited protection. Moreover, the laws of other countries in which we market our products may afford little or no effective protection of our intellectual property. Additionally, unauthorized parties may copy aspects of our products, services, or technology or obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. Other parties may also breach protective contracts we have executed or will in the future execute. We may not become aware of, or have adequate remedies in the event of, a breach related to such agreements. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce or to determine the validity and scope of our intellectual property rights or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Even if we were to prevail, such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of management and technical resources.
 
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Additionally, third parties have in the past and could in the future claim that our current or future products infringe their intellectual property rights. Any claim, with or without merit, could result in costly litigation or require us to reengineer or cease sales of our products or services, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Infringement claims could also result in an injunction barring the sale of our products or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements. Licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to the combined company or at all. From time to time we learn of parties that claim broad intellectual property rights in the learning and talent development area that might implicate our offerings. These parties or others could initiate actions against us in the future.
Our worldwide operations are subject to risks that could negatively impact our future operating results.
We expect that international operations will continue to account for a large portion of our revenue and are subject to inherent risks, including:

difficulties or delays in developing and supporting non-English language versions of our products and services;

political and economic conditions in various jurisdictions;

difficulties in staffing and managing foreign subsidiary operations;

multiple, conflicting and changing governmental laws and regulations;

the influence of works councils or similar employee representative bodies on the procurement process and customer investment decisions;

protectionist laws and business practices that may favor local competitors;

difficulties in finding and managing local resellers;

foreign currency fluctuations, including the Euro, pound sterling, Canadian dollar, Australian dollar, Indian rupee, Singapore dollar and related currencies;

potential adverse tax consequences; and

the absence or significant lack of legal protection for intellectual property rights.
Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our future operations outside of the United States, which could negatively impact our future operating results.
We might require additional capital to support our growth, and this capital might not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
We intend to continue to make investments to support our growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, including the need to develop new features or enhance our existing platform or acquire complementary businesses, technologies, and content. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences, and privileges superior to those of holders of our ordinary shares. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital-raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. In addition, we may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to support our growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly impaired.
Our business could be affected by new governmental regulations regarding the Internet as well as by changes impacting the speed and reliability of the Internet.
Various laws and regulations could impede the growth of the Internet or other online services, and new laws and regulations may be adopted in the future. These laws and regulations could limit internet neutrality, involve taxation, tariffs, privacy, data protection, information security, content, copyrights, distribution,
 
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electronic contracts and other communications, consumer protection, and the characteristics and quality of services, any of which could decrease the demand for, or the usage of, our platform. To date, government regulations have not materially restricted use of the Internet in most parts of the world. However, the legal and regulatory environment pertaining to the internet is uncertain and governments may impose regulation in the future. New laws may be passed, courts may issue decisions affecting the Internet, existing but previously inapplicable or unenforced laws may be deemed to apply to the Internet, regulatory agencies may begin to more rigorously enforce such formerly unenforced laws, or existing legal safe harbors may be narrowed, both by U.S. federal or state governments or by governments of foreign jurisdictions.
Any factors that adversely affect Internet usage could disrupt the ability of those users to access our learning and talent development solutions, which would adversely affect customer satisfaction and therefore our business. In addition, such changes in laws could increase our costs of doing business or prevent us from delivering our services over the internet or in specific jurisdictions, which could harm our business and our results of operations.
Our ability to increase the effectiveness and scope of our services to customers is ultimately limited by the speed and reliability of both the Internet and our customers’ internal networks. Consequently, the emergence and growth of the market for our products and services depends upon the improvements being made to the entire Internet as well as to our individual customers’ networking infrastructures to alleviate overloading and congestion. If these improvements are not made, and the quality of networks degrades, the ability of our customers to use our products and services will be hindered and our revenue may suffer.
Existing or future laws and regulations relating to privacy or data security could increase the cost of our products, limit their use and adoption, and subject us or our customers to litigation, regulatory investigations and penalties, and other potential liabilities.
The U.S. and various state governments have adopted or proposed laws governing the collection, use, storage, sharing and processing of personal data. Several foreign jurisdictions, including but not limited to the EU and its member states, the UK, Korea, Japan, Singapore, Australia, and India, have adopted legislation (including directives or regulations) that increase or change the requirements governing the personal data of individuals in these jurisdictions. In some cases, these laws impose obligations not only on many of our customers, but also directly on us. These laws and regulations are complex and change frequently, at times due to differing economic conditions and changes in political climate, with new laws and regulations proposed frequently and existing laws and regulations subject to different and conflicting interpretations. These laws have the potential to increase costs of compliance, risks of noncompliance and penalties for noncompliance, and the cost and complexity of selling and delivering our solutions.
For example, the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which took effect on May 25, 2018, imposes obligations on our customers and directly on us. Among other obligations under the GDPR, we are required to give more detailed disclosure about how we collect, use and share personal data; contractually commit to data protection measures in our contracts with customers; maintain adequate data security measures; notify regulators and affected individuals of certain personal data breaches; meet extensive privacy governance and documentation requirements; and honor individuals’ expanded data protection rights, including their rights to access, correct and delete their personal data. Companies that violate the GDPR can face fines of up to the greater of 20 million euros or 4% of their worldwide annual revenue, and restrictions on data processing. Our customers’ or our vendors’ failure to comply with the GDPR could lead to significant fines imposed by regulators or restrictions on our ability to process personal information as needed to provide our services. We may also be obligated to assist our customers with their own compliance obligations under the GDPR.
In addition, the mechanisms allowing companies to transfer personal data outside of the European Economic Area (“EEA”) face ongoing legal challenges in the EU and threaten our ability to lawfully process personal data where we operate outside of the EEA. These challenges have been brought against the European Commission’s Standard Contractual Clauses for transfers of personal data, on which we rely to transfer personal data from the EEA. Loss of our ability to lawfully transfer personal data out of the EEA to any other jurisdictions may cause reluctance or refusal by current or prospective European customers to use our products. Additionally, other countries outside of the EEA have passed or are considering passing laws requiring local data residency, which could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our services.
 
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In addition, the California legislature passed the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”), which took effect on January 1, 2020. The CCPA gives California residents certain rights similar to the individual rights given under the GDPR, including the right to access and delete their personal information, opt-out of certain personal information sharing, and receive detailed information about how their personal information is used. The CCPA prohibits discrimination against individuals who exercise their privacy rights, provides for civil penalties for violations, and creates a private right of action for data breaches that is expected to increase data breach litigation. Since the enactment of the CCPA, new privacy and data security laws have been proposed in more than half of the U.S. states and in the U.S. Congress, reflecting a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the United States.
The costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, privacy and data security laws and regulations may limit the use and adoption of our services, lead to negative publicity, reduce overall demand for our services, make it more difficult to meet expectations of or commitments to customers, require us to take on more onerous obligations in our contracts with customers, lead to significant fines, penalties or liabilities for noncompliance, or slow the pace at which we close sales transactions, any of which could harm our business. These laws could also impact our ability to offer, or our customers’ ability to deploy, our services in certain locations. The costs, burdens, and potential liabilities imposed by existing privacy laws could be compounded if other jurisdictions in the United States or abroad begin to adopt similar or more stringent laws.
Furthermore, concerns regarding data privacy and security may cause our customers’ customers to resist providing data that allows our customers to use our services more effectively. Even the perception that the privacy of personal information is not satisfactorily protected or does not meet regulatory requirements could inhibit sales of our products or services and could limit adoption of our cloud-based solutions.
Any of these matters could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or operational results.
Failure to comply with anti-bribery, anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), the UK Bribery Act, and other anti-corruption, anti-bribery, and anti-money laundering laws in various jurisdictions both domestic and abroad. We leverage third parties, including channel partners, to sell subscriptions to our solution and conduct our business abroad. We and our third-party intermediaries may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities and may be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party business partners and intermediaries, our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. While we have policies and procedures to address compliance with such laws, we cannot guarantee that all of our employees and agents will not take actions in violation of our policies and applicable law, for which we may be ultimately held responsible. Any violation of the FCPA, the UK Bribery Act, or other applicable anti-bribery, anti-corruption laws, and anti-money laundering laws could result in whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, loss of export privileges, severe criminal or civil sanctions, or suspension or debarment from U.S. or other government contracts, all of which may have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, operating results, and prospects.
Our business could be adversely affected if our products contain errors.
Software products contain known and undetected errors or “bugs” that result in product failures. The existence of bugs could result in loss of or delay in revenue, loss of market share, diversion of product development resources, injury to reputation or damage to efforts to build brand awareness, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Changes in tax laws, unfavorable resolution of tax examinations, or exposure to additional tax liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.
We operate in a number of tax jurisdictions globally, including in the U.S., Ireland and Luxembourg. Governments in the jurisdictions in which we operate implement changes to tax laws and regulations
 
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periodically. Any implementation of tax laws that fundamentally change the taxation of corporations in the U.S., Ireland or Luxembourg and other applicable jurisdictions could materially impact our effective tax rate and could have a significant adverse impact on our financial results.
We are also subject to examinations of our tax returns by tax authorities in various jurisdictions around the world. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from ongoing tax examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for taxes. These assessments can require a high degree of judgment and estimation. Intercompany transactions associated with the sale of services and intellectual property and cost share arrangements are complex and affect our tax liabilities. The calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations in multiple jurisdictions. Successful unilateral or multi-jurisdictional actions by various tax authorities, including in the context of our current or future corporate operating structure and third-party and intercompany arrangements (including transfer pricing and the manner in which we develop, value and use our intellectual property), may increase our worldwide effective tax rate, result in additional taxes or other costs or have other material consequences, which could harm our operations, financial results and condition. A difference in the ultimate resolution of tax uncertainties from what is currently estimated could have an adverse effect on our financial results and condition.
We could be subjected to legal actions based upon the content we include in our courseware or learning assets.
It is possible that we could become subject to legal actions based upon claims that our course content or other learning assets infringe the rights of others or is erroneous. Any such claims, with or without merit, could subject us to costly litigation and the diversion of our financial resources and management personnel. The risk of such claims is exacerbated by the fact that certain learning content is provided by third parties over whom we exert limited control. Further, if such claims are successful, we may be required to alter the content, pay financial damages, or obtain content from others.
Risks Related to Skillsoft’s Indebtedness and Certain Other Obligations
In this section, “we”, “us”, and “our” refer to Skillsoft.
Our degree of leverage could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry, expose us to interest rate risk and prevent us from meeting obligations on our indebtedness.
Our degree of leverage could have potentially adverse consequences, including: making it more difficult for us to make payments on our indebtedness; increasing our vulnerability to general economic and industry conditions; requiring a substantial portion of cash flow from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing our ability to use our cash flow to fund our operations, capital expenditures, research and development and future business opportunities; exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates under our credit facilities to the extent such facilities have variable rates of interest; limiting our ability to make strategic acquisitions and investments; limiting our ability to refinance our indebtedness as it becomes due; and limiting our ability to adjust quickly or at all to changing market conditions and placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors who are less highly leveraged.
Our debt agreements contain restrictions that limit our flexibility in operating our business.
Our financing agreements contain various covenants that limit our ability to engage in specific types of transactions. These covenants limit our and our subsidiaries’ ability to incur or guarantee additional debt and issue or sell certain preferred stock; pay dividends on, redeem or repurchase our capital stock; make certain acquisitions or investments; incur or assume certain liens; enter into transactions with affiliates; and sell assets to, or merge or consolidate with, another company. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under our debt instruments.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness, and we may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic and competitive
 
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conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. We cannot assure you that we will maintain a level of cash flow from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness.
Additionally, our subsidiaries may not be able to, or may not be permitted to, make distributions or debt repayments to enable us to make payments in respect of our indebtedness. Each such subsidiary is a distinct legal entity and, under certain circumstances, legal and contractual restrictions may limit our ability to obtain cash from them. While our existing credit agreements limit the ability of our guarantor subsidiaries to incur consensual encumbrances and include restrictions on their ability to pay dividends or make other intercompany payments to us, these limitations are subject to certain qualifications and exceptions. In the event that we do not receive cash from our subsidiaries, we will be unable to make required principal and interest payments on our indebtedness.
If our cash flow and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations and operating lease obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. In the absence of such operating results and resources, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. Our existing credit agreements restrict our ability to dispose of assets and use the proceeds from the disposition. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain the proceeds that we could otherwise realize from such dispositions and any such proceeds that are realized may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due.
Risks Related to Skillsoft’s Previous Capital Structure and Resulting Chapter 11 Cases
In this section, “we”, “us”, and “our” refer to Skillsoft.
The ongoing effects of our prior capital structure, including our recent emergence from the Chapter 11 Cases, could adversely affect our business and relationships.
The level of prior indebtedness impacted us in several ways, including our ability to invest in the business. This indebtedness led to filing the Chapter 11 Cases. We have only recently emerged from bankruptcy. Our ability to change the public perception relating to our prior capital structure and recently consummated Chapter 11 Cases may have an impact on our ability to continue to attract our customers, which is critical to our ability to achieve long-term profitability, and a negative public perception of our business due to our recently consummated bankruptcy proceedings may have a materially adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability in the future.
Due principally to our prior capital structure, we have incurred losses in each of our last five fiscal years. As noted in “Information About Skillsoft — Non-GAAP Financial Measures”, our Adjusted EBITDA has also declined over this period. While we believe we are taking the right steps to improve profitability over the long-term, we may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability on a consistent quarterly or annual basis. Failure to maintain profitability in future periods may materially and adversely affect our ability to make payments on our outstanding debt obligations.
Information contained in our historical financial statements will not be comparable to the information contained in our financial statements after the application of fresh-start accounting.
Following our emergence from Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, our financial condition and results of operations from and after August 27, 2020 will not be comparable to the financial condition or results of operations in our historical financial statements. This will make it difficult for our stockholders and others to assess our performance in relation to prior periods. As a result of our restructuring, our financial statements are subject to the fresh-start accounting provisions of GAAP. In the application of fresh-start accounting, an allocation of the reorganization value is made to the fair value of assets and liabilities in conformity with the guidance for the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Adjustments to the
 
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carrying amounts could be material and could affect prospective results of operations as balance sheet items are settled, depreciated, amortized or impaired. We test goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment annually or whenever events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. We evaluate other long-lived assets for impairments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Impairments could occur in the future if our expected future cash flows decline, market or interest rate environments deteriorate, or if carrying values change materially compared with changes in their respective fair values.
Risks Related to Skillsoft’s Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Critical Accounting Policies
In this section, “we”, “us”, and “our” refer to Skillsoft.
If our judgments or estimates relating to our critical accounting policies are based on assumptions that change or prove to be incorrect, our results of operations could fall below expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in our stock price.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our results of operations to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the trading price of our ordinary shares. Significant judgments, estimates, and assumptions used in preparing our consolidated financial statements include, or may in the future include, those related to revenue recognition, fresh-start accounting, sales commissions costs, long-lived assets and accounting for income taxes including deferred tax assets and liabilities.
We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in our failure to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.
Upon becoming a public company, we will be required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which will require management to certify financial and other information in our quarterly and annual reports and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of our controls over financial reporting. When we are required to comply with Sections 404(a) and (b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our assessment will need to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting, as well as a statement that our independent registered public accounting firm has issued an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.
In connection with the audit of our financial statements for the year ended January 31, 2020, we identified several material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. We did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting related to the control environment component of Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or the COSO framework, in areas relating to accounting for capitalization and borrowings from our prior parent company, the accounting for income tax valuation allowances and the calculation of goodwill impairment for our reporting units. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
We did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting related to the COSO framework, as the Company had not designed and implemented effective internal controls related to:
 
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Accounting for transactions between Pointwell Limited and its former parent company, including related to intercompany debt and the capitalization of Pointwell Limited. We believe such finding primarily resulted from financial statements of Pointwell Limited not having been prepared and reported previously.

Accounting for the scheduling of deferred tax asset valuation allowances.

Determination of goodwill impairment loss, including the consideration of deferred tax liabilities in the calculation of the carrying values of the reporting units.

Fresh-start accounting.
Because the first and fourth weaknesses related to accounting with our former parent on financial statements not having been previously prepared and to accounting for the reorganization, respectively, management does not believe they will recur in future periods. For the other two weaknesses, management has secured qualified, third-party professional resources to assist management in these technical accounting areas going forward. This assistance may be expensive and time consuming and may distract our management team. Additionally, we may not be able to fully remediate these material weaknesses until these steps have been operating effectively for a sufficient period of time. If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, our financial statements and related disclosures may be inaccurate, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our stock price.
Risks Related to Global Knowledge’s Business
Global Knowledge’s corporate training services business may be disproportionately impacted by an economic downturn.
Global Knowledge’s business of providing corporate training services is particularly sensitive to general economic conditions, as its corporate customers often defer or eliminate training services to control costs when facing financial pressure. Challenging economic conditions may therefore have a disproportionately negative impact on revenue from Global Knowledge’s corporate training services, which constitutes a significant portion of its revenue.
The market for instructor led, synchronous, in-classroom learning may continue to decline
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant and negative impact on in-classroom learning, as schools and other physical learning facilities were shut down in response to the global pandemic. As a result, the delivery of in-classroom learning has either been greatly curtailed or has pivoted to synchronous or asynchronous remote learning.
Global Knowledge’s future success will depend on its ability to offer clients the learning solutions they need in the format they desire and trust. While Global Knowledge has the capability to provide its clients a learning experience using different technologies and modalities, including in-classroom and remote learning, it remains unclear what the lasting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will be on the in-classroom learning market. Global Knowledge’s business is transitioning from selling individual classes to selling subscriptions.
Failure or perceived failure to comply with regulations relating to career training services could result in the imposition of penalties or the interruption of Global Knowledge’s ability to provide services in certain jurisdictions.
In many jurisdictions in which Global Knowledge operates, career training services are generally subject to licensing requirements. Global Knowledge does not believe that the services provided by Global Knowledge are subject to such licensing requirements, as career-related training provided by Global Knowledge is provided as a business-to-business service through employers of Global Knowledge’s students, and the students themselves are not customers of Global Knowledge. Regulatory action has in the past been taken against Global Knowledge in respect of licensing requirements applicable to providers of career training services in certain jurisdictions and regulatory inquiries have occasionally been made about Global Knowledge’s licensure. Regulators could disagree with Global Knowledge’s assessment regarding the applicability of licensure requirements and take enforcement action against Global Knowledge, including
 
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by imposing penalties or prohibiting Global Knowledge from offering career-related training services in a relevant jurisdiction until Global Knowledge is able to obtain the requisite license.
Global Knowledge may face exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.
Most of Global Knowledge’s customer contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars, while Global Knowledge’s operating expenses outside of the United States are often denominated in local currencies. Currently, Global Knowledge does not engage in currency hedging activities to limit the risk of exchange rate fluctuations. Therefore, fluctuations in the relative values of the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may affect Global Knowledge’s results of operations when converted into U.S. dollars.
Global Knowledge’s exposure to tax liabilities may be greater than anticipated, which could adversely impact its results of operations.
Global Knowledge is subject to income taxes in the United States and various jurisdictions outside of the United States. Global Knowledge’s effective tax rate could fluctuate due to changes in the mix of earnings and losses in countries with differing statutory tax rates. Global Knowledge’s tax expense could also be impacted by changes in non-deductible expenses, changes in the tax treatment of equity-based compensation, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and our ability to utilize them, the applicability of withholding taxes, effects from acquisitions, and the evaluation of new information that results in a change to a tax position taken in a prior period.
The rapid growth of Global Knowledge’s virtual and on-demand subscription skills platforms, Develop.Com and GK Polaris, make it difficult to evaluate the future prospects of these platforms.
Global Knowledge launched its virtual and on-demand subscription skills platforms Develop.Com and GK Polaris in April and May 2020, respectively, and as a result, forecasting Global Knowledge’s future results of operations for these platforms is subject to a number of uncertainties, including Global Knowledge’s ability to effectively plan for and model future growth. Beginning in early 2020, Global Knowledge extended its offering to include Develop.Com and GK Polaris, which enabled Global Knowledge to expand its addressable market, attract new users, and broaden its relationships with corporate customers. As such, any predictions about Global Knowledge’s future revenue and expenses with respect to these platforms may not be as accurate as they could be if Global Knowledge had a longer operating history with its virtual and on-demand subscription platform or operated in a more predictable market. Global Knowledge encountered in the past, and may encounter in the future, risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries. If Global Knowledge’s assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties, which Global Knowledge uses to plan and operate its business, are incorrect or change, or if Global Knowledge does not address these risks adequately, its results of operations could differ materially from its expectations, as growth rates may slow, and its business may suffer.
Global Knowledge relies upon SaaS technologies from third parties to operate its business, and interruptions or performance problems with these technologies may adversely affect the Global Knowledge business and results of operations.
Global Knowledge relies on hosted SaaS applications from third parties in order to operate critical functions of its business, including content delivery, enterprise resource planning, customer relationship management, billing, project management, and accounting and financial reporting. If these services become unavailable due to extended outages, interruptions, or because they are no longer available on commercially reasonable terms, Global Knowledge’s expenses could increase, the ability to manage finances could be interrupted, and processes for managing sales of Global Knowledge’s platform and supporting its customers could be impaired until equivalent services, if available, are identified, obtained, and implemented, all of which may negatively impact Global Knowledge’s results of operations and harm our business.
A loss of Global Knowledge’s status as an authorized training provider with one or more key technology vendors could adversely affect the Global Knowledge business.
Global Knowledge derives a large portion of its consolidated revenue in any financial reporting period from delivering corporate training as an authorized training provider for certain technology companies and
 
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has a concentrated portfolio of relationships with these technology companies. Global Knowledge’s status as an authorized training partner for certain key technology companies provides certain benefits, including, among others, the ability to use official curricula created by key technology vendors, subsidies and other financial incentives provided by these technology vendors to support training on their products, representation on official training websites operated by the technology vendors, and the ability to issue certified training certificates from the technology vendors. Global Knowledge’s operating results depend to a significant degree on its ability to maintain its status as an authorized training partner with such key technology vendors, and an inability to retain such status, or a significant change in Global Knowledge’s relationship with one or more of its technology vendors, could significantly reduce Global Knowledge’s revenue.
Global Knowledge has identified material weaknesses in its internal controls over the underlying information that supports the financial statements. Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in Global Knowledge’s failure to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.
In connection with the audit of our financial statements for the year ended October 2, 2020, Global Knowledge identified material weaknesses in its internal controls over the underlying information supporting its financial statements. Global Knowledge did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting related to the control environment component of Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or the COSO framework, due to the accounting personnel not reconciling certain balance sheet accounts and not recording the disposal of subsidiaries timely and accurately. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of Global Knowledge’s consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Global Knowledge’s management is working to remediate the material weaknesses by continuing to train personnel on established accounting close policies and procedures and adding additional accounting personnel with greater technical and public company accounting experience. Global Knowledge may not be able to fully remediate these material weaknesses until these steps have been completed and have been operating effectively for a sufficient period of time. If New Skillsoft is not able to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, its financial statements and related disclosures may be inaccurate, which could have a material adverse effect on its business and its stock price.
Risks Related to the Merger
In this section, unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise requires, “we”, “us”, and “our” refer to Churchill.
Because the market price of shares of Churchill Class A common stock will fluctuate and the exchange ratio is fixed, Skillsoft’s shareholders cannot be sure of the value of the merger consideration they will receive.
Upon completion of the Merger, (i) each Skillsoft Class A Share (other than shares owned by Churchill, which will automatically be canceled and retired and will cease to exist, and no consideration will be delivered in exchange therefor) will be automatically cancelled and Churchill will issue as consideration therefor (A) 6.25 shares of Churchill Class A common stock and (B) one share of Churchill Class C common stock and (ii) each outstanding Skillsoft Class B Share will be automatically cancelled and Churchill will issue as consideration therefor 28.125 shares of Churchill Class A common stock. A portion of the merger consideration that Skillsoft shareholders will receive is a fixed number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock; it is not a number of shares with a particular fixed market value. See “The Merger — Terms of the Merger”. The market value of Churchill Class A common stock and Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares at the effective time of the Merger may vary significantly from their respective values on the date the Skillsoft Merger Agreement was executed or at other dates, including the date on which Skillsoft shareholders approve the adoption of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby. Because the exchange ratio is fixed and will not be adjusted to reflect any changes in the market value of shares of Churchill Class A common stock or Skillsoft Class A Shares or Skillsoft Class B Shares, the market value of the shares of Churchill Class A common stock issued in connection with the
 
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Merger and the Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares converted in connection with the Merger may be higher or lower than the values of those shares on earlier dates, and may be higher or lower than the value used to determine the exchange ratio. Accordingly, at the time of approving the Skillsoft Merger Proposal, Skillsoft shareholders will not know or be able to calculate the market value of the shares of Churchill Class A common stock they would receive upon the completion of the Merger. Stock price changes may result from a variety of factors, including changes in the business, operations or prospects of Churchill or Skillsoft, regulatory considerations, and general business, market, industry or economic conditions. Many of these factors are outside of the control of Churchill and Skillsoft.
Skillsoft’s current shareholders will have a reduced ownership and voting interest in the Post-Combination Company after the Merger and will exercise less influence over management of the Post-Combination Company and its business.
Skillsoft’s shareholders currently have the right to vote in the election of the Skillsoft board of directors and on other matters requiring shareholder approval under Luxembourg law and Skillsoft’s articles of association. Upon the completion of the Merger, Skillsoft shareholders, who will become stockholders of the Post-Combination Company will have a percentage ownership of the Post-Combination Company that is smaller than such shareholders’ percentage ownership of Skillsoft. Additionally, the holders of a majority of the Skillsoft Shares have the right to collectively nominate one director to the Post-Combination Company’s board of directors, whereas the Sponsor has the right to nominate two directors, and, if the Second Step Prosus Investment is consummated, Prosus has the right to nominate a number of directors in proportion to its beneficial ownership of Churchill common stock, including an individual to serve as the chairman of the Board, subject to certain conditions. Based on the number of issued and outstanding shares of Churchill common stock, Skillsoft ordinary shares, and based on the exchange ratio, shareholders of Skillsoft, as a group, will receive shares in the Merger constituting approximately 17% of the Post-Combination Company’s common stock expected to be outstanding immediately after the Merger (assuming both the First Step Prosus Investment and the Second Step Prosus Investment are consummated concurrently with the Merger, without giving effect to the Prosus Top‑Up Right or the issuance of the Prosus Warrants and without giving effect to any redemptions or any shares of Churchill common stock held by Skillsoft shareholders prior to the Merger). Because of this, current Skillsoft shareholders, as a group, will have less influence on the board of directors, management and policies of the Post-Combination Company than they now have on the board of directors, management and policies of Skillsoft.
Churchill’s current stockholders will have a reduced ownership and voting interest in the Post-Combination Company after the Merger and will exercise less influence over management of the Post-Combination Company and its business.
Upon the issuance of the shares to Skillsoft shareholders and in the PIPE Investments, including the Prosus PIPE Investment, current Churchill stockholders’ percentage ownership will be diluted. Assuming no public stockholders exercise their redemption rights and excluding any shares issuable pursuant to Churchill’s outstanding warrants, current Churchill public stockholders’ percentage ownership in the Post-Combination Company following the issuance of shares to Skillsoft shareholders would be 42% (assuming both the First Step Prosus Investment and the Second Step Prosus Investment are consummated concurrently with the Merger and without giving effect to the Prosus Top-Up Right or the issuance of the Prosus Warrants). Assuming that 55.74 million Public Shares (the maximum number of Public Shares that could be redeemed in connection with the Merger and still satisfy the Available Cash Condition assuming both the First Step Prosus Investment and the Second Step Prosus Investment are consummated concurrently with the Merger) are redeemed in connection with the Merger and excluding any shares issuable pursuant to Churchill’s outstanding warrants, current Churchill stockholders’ percentage ownership in the Post-Combination Company following the issuance of shares to Skillsoft shareholders would be 12% (assuming both the First Step Prosus Investment and the Second Step Prosus Investment are consummated concurrently with the Merger and without giving effect to the Prosus Top-Up Right or the issuance of the Prosus Warrants). Additionally, although the Sponsor has the right to nominate two directors to the Post-Combination Company’s board of directors, the holders of a majority of the Skillsoft Shares have the right to collectively nominate one director, and if the Second Step Prosus Investment is consummated, Prosus has the right to nominate a number of directors in proportion to its beneficial ownership of Churchill common stock, including an individual to serve as the chairman of the Board, subject to certain conditions.
 
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The percentage of the Post-Combination Company’s common stock that will be owned by current Churchill stockholders as a group will vary based on the number of Public Shares for which the holders thereof request redemption in connection with the Merger. Because of this, current Churchill public stockholders, as a group, will have less influence on the board of directors, management and policies of the Post-Combination Company than they now have on the board of directors, management and policies of Churchill. See “Summary — Ownership of the Post-Combination Company”, “Other Agreements — Subscription Agreements — Prosus Agreements” and “Other Agreements — Stockholders Agreement”.
The market price of shares of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock after the Merger may be affected by factors different from those currently affecting the prices of shares of Churchill Class A common stock.
Upon completion of the Merger, holders of Skillsoft ordinary shares will become holders of shares of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock. Prior to the Merger, Churchill has had limited operations. Upon completion of the Merger, the Post-Combination Company’s results of operations will depend upon the performance of Skillsoft’s businesses and, if the Global Knowledge Merger is consummated, Global Knowledge’s business, both of which are affected by factors that are different from those currently affecting the results of operations of Churchill.
Churchill has not obtained an opinion from an independent investment banking firm, and consequently, there is no assurance from an independent source that the merger consideration is fair to its stockholders from a financial point of view.
Churchill is not required to, and has not, obtained an opinion from an independent investment banking firm that the merger consideration it is paying for Skillsoft is fair to Churchill’s stockholders from a financial point of view. The fair market value of Skillsoft has been determined by the Churchill Board based upon standards generally accepted by the financial community, such as potential sales and the price for which comparable businesses or assets have been valued. Churchill’s stockholders will be relying on the judgment of its board of directors with respect to such matters.
If the benefits of the Merger or the Global Knowledge Merger do not meet the expectations of financial analysts, the market price of the Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company or New Skillsoft, as applicable, may decline.
The market price of the Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company or New Skillsoft may decline as a result of the Merger or the Global Knowledge Merger, as applicable, if the Post-Combination Company or New Skillsoft does not achieve the perceived benefits of the Merger or the Global Knowledge Merger as rapidly, or to the extent anticipated by, financial analysts or the effect of the Merger or the Global Knowledge Merger on the financial results of the Post-Combination Company or New Skillsoft, as applicable, is not consistent with the expectations of financial analysts. Accordingly, holders of the Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company or New Skillsoft, as applicable, may experience a loss as a result of a decline in the market price of the Class A common stock. In addition, a decline in the market price of the Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company or New Skillsoft could adversely affect the ability of the Post-Combination Company or New Skillsoft, as applicable to issue additional securities and to obtain additional financing in the future.
The consummation of the Merger is subject to a number of conditions and if those conditions are not satisfied or waived, the Skillsoft Merger Agreement may be terminated in accordance with its terms and the Merger may not be completed.
The Skillsoft Merger Agreement is subject to a number of conditions which must be fulfilled in order to complete the Merger. Those conditions include: approval of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement by Skillsoft shareholders, approval of the proposals required to effect the Merger by Churchill stockholders, as well as receipt of certain requisite regulatory approvals, absence of orders prohibiting completion of the Merger, effectiveness of the registration statement of which this joint proxy statement/prospectus is a part, approval of the shares of Churchill Class A common stock to be issued to Skillsoft shareholders for listing on the NYSE, meeting the Available Cash Condition, the accuracy of the representations and warranties by both
 
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parties (subject to the materiality standards set forth in the Skillsoft Merger Agreement) and the performance by both parties of their covenants and agreements. These conditions to the closing of the Merger may not be fulfilled in a timely manner or at all, and, accordingly, the Merger may not be completed. In addition, the parties can mutually decide to terminate the Skillsoft Merger Agreement at any time, before or after stockholder approval, or Churchill or Skillsoft may elect to terminate the Skillsoft Merger Agreement in certain other circumstances. See “The Skillsoft Merger Agreement — Termination”.
We may not be able to complete the PIPE Investments in connection with the Merger and the Global Knowledge Merger.
We may not be able to complete the PIPE Investments at the closing of the Merger. If we do not complete the PIPE Investments, we may not be able to complete the Merger or the Global Knowledge Merger. In particular, the obligations to consummate the Prosus PIPE Investment are conditioned upon, among other things, customary closing conditions, satisfaction of the closing conditions under the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, and the consummation of the Merger. The consummation of the PIPE Investments is not a condition to the closing of the Merger.
The terms of any alternative financing may be more onerous than the PIPE Investments, and we may be unable to obtain alternative financing on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. If we do not complete the PIPE Investments, and do not obtain alternative financing, we may not be able to complete the Merger or the Global Knowledge Merger or we may be able to complete the Merger and the Global Knowledge Merger but we may not have sufficient capital to execute our growth strategy. The failure to secure additional financing could have a material adverse effect on the continued development or growth of the Post-Combination Company. None of our officers, directors or stockholders is required to provide any financing to us in connection with or after the Merger or the Global Knowledge Merger.
Termination of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement could negatively impact Skillsoft and Churchill.
If the Merger is not completed for any reason, including as a result of Skillsoft shareholders declining to approve the Skillsoft Merger Agreement or Churchill stockholders declining to approve or adopt the proposals required to effect the Merger, the ongoing businesses of Skillsoft and Churchill may be adversely impacted and, without realizing any of the anticipated benefits of completing the Merger, Skillsoft and Churchill would be subject to a number of risks, including the following:

Skillsoft or Churchill may experience negative reactions from the financial markets, including negative impacts on Churchill’s stock price (including to the extent that the current market price reflects a market assumption that the Merger will be completed);

Skillsoft may experience negative reactions from its customers, vendors and employees;

Skillsoft and Churchill will have incurred substantial expenses and will be required to pay certain costs relating to the Merger, whether or not the Merger is completed; and

Since the Skillsoft Merger Agreement restricts the conduct of Skillsoft’s and Churchill’s businesses prior to completion of the Merger, each of Skillsoft and Churchill may not have been able to take certain actions during the pendency of the Merger that would have benefitted it as an independent company, and the opportunity to take such actions may no longer be available (see the section entitled “The Skillsoft Merger Agreement — Covenants and Agreements” for a description of the restrictive covenants applicable to Skillsoft and Churchill).
If the Skillsoft Merger Agreement is terminated and Skillsoft’s board of directors seeks another merger or business combination, Skillsoft shareholders cannot be certain that Skillsoft will be able to find a party willing to offer equivalent or more attractive consideration than the consideration Churchill has agreed to provide in the Merger or that such other merger or business combination will be completed. If the Skillsoft Merger Agreement is terminated and Churchill’s board of directors seeks another merger or business combination, Churchill stockholders cannot be certain that Churchill will be able to find another acquisition target that would constitute a business combination or that such other merger or business combination will be completed. See “The Skillsoft Merger Agreement — Termination”.
 
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Skillsoft will be subject to business uncertainties and contractual restrictions while the Merger is pending.
Uncertainty about the effect of the Merger on employees and customers may have an adverse effect on Skillsoft and consequently on Churchill. These uncertainties may impair Skillsoft’s ability to attract, retain and motivate key personnel until the Merger is completed, and could cause customers and others that deal with Skillsoft to seek to change existing business relationships with Skillsoft. Retention of certain employees may be challenging during the pendency of the Merger, as certain employees may experience uncertainty about their future roles. If key employees depart because of issues relating to the uncertainty and difficulty of integration or a desire not to remain with the business, the Post-Combination Company’s business following the Merger could be negatively impacted. In addition, the Skillsoft Merger Agreement restricts Skillsoft from making certain expenditures and taking other specified actions without the consent of Churchill until the Merger occurs. These restrictions may prevent Skillsoft from pursuing attractive business opportunities that may arise prior to the completion of the Merger. See “The Skillsoft Merger Agreement — Covenants and Agreements”.
Skillsoft directors and officers may have interests in the Merger different from the interests of Skillsoft’s shareholders.
Executive officers of Skillsoft negotiated the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement with their counterparts at Churchill, and the Skillsoft board of directors determined that entering into the Skillsoft Merger Agreement was in the best interests of Skillsoft and its shareholders, declared the Skillsoft Merger Agreement advisable and recommended that Skillsoft shareholders adopt the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. In considering these facts and the other information contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, you should be aware that Skillsoft’s executive officers and directors may have financial interests in the Merger that may be different from, or in addition to, the interests of Skillsoft shareholders. The Skillsoft board of directors was aware of and considered these interests, among other matters, in reaching the determination to approve the terms of the Merger and in recommending to Skillsoft’s shareholders that they vote to approve the Merger. For a detailed discussion of the special interests that Skillsoft’s directors and executive officers may have in the Merger, please see the section entitled “The Merger — Interests of Skillsoft’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger”.
Churchill’s financial advisors, including the Klein Group, have an interest in the Merger and the Global Knowledge Merger.
The Klein Group, along with Churchill’s other financial advisors, reviewed various financial, operating and other data provided by Skillsoft and Global Knowledge, as well as information obtained from third party sources in connection with the Churchill Board’s assessment of the Merger and the Global Knowledge Merger. Pursuant to the Klein Group’s engagement, no fees are payable upon the closing of the Merger and Churchill will pay the Klein Group an advisory fee of $4.0 million, which shall be earned upon the closing of the Global Knowledge Merger, and 2% of the principal amount raised in connection with the PIPE Investments (excluding any principal amount raised from an affiliate of Churchill). Therefore, the Klein Group and Michael Klein have a financial interest in the completion of the Merger in addition to the financial interest of the Sponsor (with whom they are affiliated), as well as a conflict of interest in providing its services.
Churchill directors and officers may have interests in the Merger different from the interests of Churchill stockholders.
Executive officers of Churchill negotiated the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement with their counterparts at Skillsoft, and the Churchill Board determined that entering into the Skillsoft Merger Agreement was in the best interests of Churchill and its stockholders, declared the Skillsoft Merger Agreement advisable and recommended that Churchill stockholders approve the proposals required to effect the Merger. In considering these facts and the other information contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, you should be aware that Churchill’s executive officers and directors may have financial interests in the Merger that may be different from, or in addition to, the interests of Churchill stockholders. The Churchill Board and the audit committee thereof was aware of and considered these interests, among other matters, in reaching the determination to approve the terms of the Merger and in recommending to
 
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Churchill’s stockholders that they vote to approve the Merger. For a detailed discussion of the special interests that Churchill’s directors and executive officers may have in the Merger, please see the section entitled “The Merger — Interests of Churchill’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger”.
The Merger will result in changes to the board of directors of the Post-Combination Company that may affect the strategy of Skillsoft.
If the parties complete the Merger, the composition of the Post-Combination Company’s board of directors will change from the current boards of directors of Churchill and Skillsoft. The board of directors of the Post-Combination Company will consist of Jeffrey R. Tarr, Helena B. Foulkes, Ronald W. Hovsepian, Michael Klein, Karen G. Mills, Peter Schmitt and Lawrence H. Summers. This new composition of the Post-Combination Company board of directors may affect the business strategy and operating decisions of Skillsoft upon the completion of the Merger.
The Skillsoft Merger Agreement contains provisions that may discourage other companies from trying to acquire Skillsoft for greater merger consideration.
The Skillsoft Merger Agreement contains provisions that may discourage a third party from submitting a business combination proposal to Skillsoft that might result in greater value to Skillsoft’s shareholders than the Merger or may result in a potential competing acquirer proposing to pay a lower per share price to acquire Skillsoft than it might otherwise have proposed to pay absent such provisions. These provisions include a general prohibition on Skillsoft from soliciting, or, subject to certain exceptions relating to the exercise of fiduciary duties by Skillsoft’s board of directors, entering into discussions with any third party regarding any acquisition proposal or offers for competing transactions. Skillsoft also has an unqualified obligation to submit the proposal to adopt the Skillsoft Merger Agreement to a vote by its stockholders, even if Skillsoft receives an alternative acquisition proposal that its board of directors believes is superior to the Merger, unless the Skillsoft Merger Agreement has been terminated in accordance with its terms. See “The Skillsoft Merger Agreement — Termination”.
The Skillsoft Merger Agreement contains provisions that prohibit Churchill from seeking an alternative business combination.
The Skillsoft Merger Agreement contains provisions that prohibit Churchill from seeking certain alternative business combinations during the pendency of the Merger. Further, if Churchill is unable to obtain the requisite approval of its stockholders, either party may terminate the Skillsoft Merger Agreement.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information included in this joint proxy statement/prospectus is preliminary and based on a number of assumptions and the actual financial condition and results of operations after the Merger and the Global Knowledge Merger may differ materially.
The unaudited pro forma financial information included in this joint proxy statement/prospectus is presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of what the actual financial position or results of operations of the Post-Combination Company or New Skillsoft would have been had the Merger and the Global Knowledge Merger been completed on the date(s) indicated. The preparation of the pro forma financial information is based upon available information and certain assumptions and estimates that Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge currently believe are reasonable. The unaudited pro forma financial information reflects adjustments, which are based upon preliminary estimates, among other things, to pro forma acquisition accounting recognize the acquired assets and assumed liabilities of Skillsoft. The pro forma acquisition accounting reflected in this joint proxy statement/prospectus is preliminary, and the final acquisition accounting will be based upon the actual purchase price and the fair value of the assets and liabilities of Skillsoft and Global Knowledge as of the date of the completion of the Merger and the Global Knowledge Merger. In addition, following the completion of the Merger and the Global Knowledge Merger, there may be further refinements of the acquisition as additional information becomes available. Accordingly, the acquisition accounting adjustments may differ materially from the pro forma adjustments reflected in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. See “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information”.
 
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Legal proceedings in connection with the Merger, the outcomes of which are uncertain, could delay or prevent the completion of the Merger.
In connection with the Merger, certain Churchill shareholders have filed lawsuits and other Churchill shareholders have threatened to file lawsuits alleging breaches of fiduciary duty and violations of the disclosure requirements of the Exchange Act. Churchill intends to defend the matters vigorously. These cases are in the early stages and Churchill is unable to reasonably determine the outcome or estimate any potential losses, and, as such, has not recorded a loss contingency.
Additional lawsuits may be filed against Churchill or its directors and officers in connection with the Merger. Defending such additional lawsuits could require Churchill to incur significant costs and draw the attention of its management team away from the Merger. Further, the defense or settlement of any lawsuit or claim that remains unresolved at the time the Merger is consummated may adversely affect the Post-Combination Company's business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Such legal proceedings could delay or prevent the Merger from becoming effective within the agreed upon timeframe.
Churchill and Skillsoft will incur transaction costs in connection with the Merger.
Each of Churchill and Skillsoft has incurred and expects that it will incur significant, non-recurring costs in connection with consummating the Merger. Churchill and Skillsoft may also incur additional costs to retain key employees. Churchill and Skillsoft will also incur significant legal, financial advisor, accounting, banking and consulting fees, fees relating to regulatory filings and notices, SEC filing fees, printing and mailing fees and other costs associated with the Merger. Churchill estimates that it will incur approximately $21.4 million in deferred underwriting fees and $29.5 million in transaction costs. Skillsoft estimates that it will incur approximately $25.6 million in transaction costs associated with the Merger. Some of these costs are payable regardless of whether the Merger is completed. See “The Merger — Terms of the Merger”.
Skillsoft’s shareholders will have their rights as shareholders governed by the Post-Combination Company’s organizational documents.
As a result of the completion of the Merger, holders of ordinary shares of Skillsoft will become holders of shares of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock, which will be governed by the Post-Combination Company’s organizational documents. As a result, there will be differences between the rights currently enjoyed by Skillsoft shareholders and the rights that Skillsoft shareholders who become stockholders will have as stockholders of the Post-Combination Company. See “Comparison of Stockholders’ Rights”.
The Sponsor has agreed to vote in favor of the proposals at the Churchill Special Meeting, regardless of how public stockholders vote.
As of the date hereof, the Founder Shares owned by Churchill’s Sponsor represent approximately 20% of the voting power of the outstanding Churchill common stock. Pursuant to the Sponsor Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to vote its Founder Shares and any Public Shares held by it in favor of each of the proposals at the Churchill Special Meeting, regardless of how public stockholders vote. Accordingly, the agreement by the Sponsor to vote in favor of each of the proposals at the Churchill Special Meeting will increase the likelihood that Churchill will receive the requisite stockholder approval for the Merger and the transactions contemplated thereby.
Software Luxembourg Intermediate S.à r.l. may increase in value before the closing of the Merger.
Skillsoft’s parent Software Luxembourg Intermediate S.à r.l. may increase in value before the closing of the Merger. If no distributions of dividends take place, the increased value of the subsidiary is not realized until the event of the Merger.
The Merger would however represent a realization event upon which Skillsoft would be taxed as if a liquidation had taken place. The taxable profit corresponds to the increase in value, i.e. to the difference between Skillsoft’s net assets invested and the compensation obtained upon the Merger. Any profits would be subject to CIT and MBT at a regular combined rate of 24.94%.
 
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This increase in the value of its subsidiary may subject Skillsoft to significant liability for taxes in Luxembourg.
Additional Risks Related to Ownership of the Post-Combination Company’s Common Stock Following the Merger
In this section, unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise requires, “we”, “us”, and “our” refer to Churchill.
Our Derivative Instruments are accounted for as liabilities and the changes in value of our Derivative Instruments could have a material effect on our financial results.
On April 12, 2021, the Staff at the SEC issued a statement (the “SEC Statement”) discussing the accounting implications of certain terms that are common in warrants issued by special purpose acquisition companies. In light of the SEC Statement and guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815-40, “Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity”, Churchill’s management evaluated the terms of the warrant agreement entered into in connection with the Churchill IPO and concluded that the warrant agreement governing public warrants and the private placement warrants (together, the “warrants”) include provisions that, based on the SEC Statement, preclude the warrants from being classified as components of equity. As a result, we have classified the warrants, the 2020 Note (as defined below in “Recommendation of Churchill Board of Directors”) and the Prosus Subscription Agreement (together, the “Derivative Instruments”) as liabilities. Under this accounting treatment, we are required to measure the fair value of the Derivative Instruments at the end of each reporting period and recognize changes in the fair value from the prior period in our operating results for the current period. As a result of the recurring fair value measurement, our financial statements and results of operations may fluctuate quarterly based on factors which are outside our control. We expect that we will recognize non-cash gains or losses due to the quarterly fair valuation of the Derivative Instruments and that such gains or losses could be material.
In connection with the restatement of our financial statements, our management has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting were not effective as of December 31, 2020 due to a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting solely related to our accounting for Derivative Instruments. If we are unable to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
Following the issuance of the SEC Statement and after consultation with our independent registered public accounting firm and our management team, we concluded that, in light of the SEC Statement, it was appropriate to restate our previously issued audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the period from April 11, 2019 (inception) through December 31, 2019. We are also restating the financial statements as of July 1, 2019, as of and for the period ended September 30, 2019, as of December 31, 2019, and as of and for the periods ended March 31, 2020, June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020. See “— Our Derivative Instruments are accounted for as liabilities and the changes in value of our warrants could have a material effect on our financial results.” As part of such process, we identified a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting, solely related to our accounting for Derivative Instruments.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented, or detected and corrected on a timely basis. Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. We expect to take steps to remediate the material weakness, but there is no assurance that any remediation efforts will ultimately have the intended effects.
If we identify any new material weaknesses in the future, any such newly identified material weakness could limit our ability to prevent or detect a misstatement of our accounts or disclosures that could result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements. In such case, we may be unable to
 
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maintain compliance with securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports in addition to applicable stock exchange listing requirements, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting and our stock price may decline as a result. We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date, or any measures we may take in the future, will be sufficient to avoid potential future material weaknesses.
The stock price of the Post-Combination Company or New Skillsoft may change significantly following the Merger or the Global Knowledge Merger and you could lose all or part of your investment as a result.
The trading price of the Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company or New Skillsoft is likely to be volatile. The stock market recently has experienced extreme volatility. This volatility often has been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. You may not be able to resell your shares at an attractive price due to a number of factors such as those listed in “— Risks Related to the Operation of the Acquired Businesses,” “— Risks Related to Global Knowledge’s Business” and the following:

results of operations that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors;

results of operations that vary from those of Skillsoft’s or Global Knowledge’s competitors;

changes in expectations as to Skillsoft’s or Global Knowledge’s future financial performance, including financial estimates and investment recommendations by securities analysts and investors;

declines in the market prices of stocks generally;

strategic actions by Skillsoft, Global Knowledge or their competitors;

announcements by Skillsoft, Global Knowledge or their competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, joint ventures, other strategic relationships or capital commitments;

any significant change in Skillsoft’s management or Global Knowledge’s management;

changes in general economic or market conditions or trends in Skillsoft’s or Global Knowledge’s industry or markets;

changes in business or regulatory conditions, including new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to Skillsoft’s or Global Knowledge’s business;

future sales of common stock or other securities of the Post-Combination Company or New Skillsoft;

investor perceptions or the investment opportunity associated with the common stock of the Post-Combination Company or New Skillsoft relative to other investment alternatives;

the public’s response to press releases or other public announcements by Skillsoft, Global Knowledge or third parties, including the filings of the Post-Combination Company or New Skillsoft with the SEC;

litigation involving Skillsoft, Global Knowledge, Skillsoft’s or Global Knowledge’s industry, or investigations by regulators into Skillsoft’s or Global Knowledge’s operations or those of their competitors;

guidance, if any, that Skillsoft or Global Knowledge provides to the public, any changes in this guidance or Skillsoft’s or Global Knowledge’s failure to meet this guidance;

the development and sustainability of an active trading market for the stock of the Post-Combination Company or New Skillsoft;

actions by institutional or activist stockholders;

changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations or principles; and

other events or factors, including those resulting from natural disasters, war, acts of terrorism or responses to these events.
These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of the Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company or New Skillsoft, regardless of Skillsoft’s or Global
 
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Knowledge’s actual operating performance. In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of the Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company or New Skillsoft is low.
In the past, following periods of market volatility, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation. If Skillsoft was involved in securities litigation, it could have a substantial cost and divert resources and the attention of executive management from Skillsoft’s or Global Knowledge’s business regardless of the outcome of such litigation.
Because there are no current plans to pay cash dividends on the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock for the foreseeable future, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.
Skillsoft intends to retain future earnings, if any, for future operations, expansion and debt repayment and there are no current plans to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. The declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends on shares of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock will be at the sole discretion of the Post-Combination Company’s board of directors. The Post-Combination Company’s board of directors may take into account general and economic conditions, the Post-Combination Company’s financial condition and results of operations, the Post-Combination Company’s available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax, and regulatory restrictions, implications on the payment of dividends by the Post-Combination Company to its stockholders or by its subsidiaries to it and such other factors as the Post-Combination Company’s board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, the Post-Combination Company’s ability to pay dividends is limited by covenants of Skillsoft’s existing and outstanding indebtedness and may be limited by covenants of any future indebtedness Skillsoft incurs. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investment in the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock unless you sell the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.
If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about Skillsoft’s business or if they downgrade the Post-Combination Company’s stock or Skillsoft’s sector, the Post-Combination Company’s stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock will rely in part on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about Skillsoft or its business. Skillsoft will not control these analysts. In addition, some financial analysts may have limited expertise with Skillsoft’s model and operations. Furthermore, if one or more of the analysts who do cover Skillsoft downgrade its stock or industry, or the stock of any of its competitors, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about its business, the price of the Post-Combination Company’s stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of Skillsoft or fails to publish reports on it regularly, Skillsoft could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause the Post-Combination Company’s stock price or trading volume to decline.
Future sales, or the perception of future sales, by the Post-Combination Company or its stockholders in the public market following the Merger could cause the market price for the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock to decline.
The sale of shares of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of shares of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for the Post-Combination Company to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that it deems appropriate.
Upon consummation of the Merger, the Post-Combination Company will have a total of 165.7 million shares of Class A common stock outstanding (assuming both the First Step Prosus Investment and the Second Step Prosus Investment are consummated concurrently with the Merger, without giving effect to the Prosus Top‑Up Right or the issuance of the Prosus Warrants and assuming no redemptions) and warrants (other than the Prosus Warrants) to purchase an aggregate of 38.8 million shares of Class A common stock outstanding. Following the expiration of a 180-day lock-up period, all shares issued in the Merger (other than shares issued under the PIPE Subscription Agreements) will be freely tradable without registration under
 
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the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and without restriction by persons other than the Post-Combination Company’s “affiliates” ​(as defined under Rule 144 of the Securities Act, “Rule 144”), including the Post-Combination Company’s directors, executive officers and other affiliates.
One year after the Post-Combination Company’s filing of its Form 8-K after consummation of the Merger, upon the expiration or waiver of the lock-ups described in “Other Agreements”, shares held by certain stockholders of the Post-Combination Company will be eligible for resale, subject to volume, manner of sale and other limitations under Rule 144. In addition, pursuant to a registration rights agreement, certain stockholders will have the right, subject to certain conditions, to require the Post-Combination Company to register the sale of their shares of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock under the Securities Act. By exercising their registration rights and selling a large number of shares, these stockholders could cause the prevailing market price of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock to decline. Following completion of the Merger, the shares covered by registration rights could represent over 62% of the Post-Combination Company’s outstanding common stock, assuming both the First Step Prosus Investment and the Second Step Prosus Investment are consummated concurrently with the Merger, without giving effect to the Prosus Top‑Up Right or the issuance of the Prosus Warrants and assuming no redemptions.
As restrictions on resale end or if these stockholders exercise their registration rights, the market price of shares of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock could drop significantly if the holders of these shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them. These factors could also make it more difficult for Skillsoft to raise additional funds through future offerings of the Post-Combination Company’s shares of Class A common stock or other securities.
In addition, the shares of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under the Post-Combination Company’s equity incentive plans will become eligible for sale in the public market once those shares are issued, subject to provisions relating to various vesting agreements, lock-up agreements and, in some cases, limitations on volume and manner of sale applicable to affiliates under Rule 144, as applicable. The compensation committee of the Post-Combination Company’s board of directors may determine the exact number of shares to be reserved for future issuance under its equity incentive plans at its discretion. The Post-Combination Company is expected to file one or more registration statements on Form S-8 under the Securities Act to register shares of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock issued pursuant to the Post-Combination Company equity incentive plans. Any such Form S-8 registration statements will automatically become effective upon filing. Accordingly, shares registered under such registration statements will be available for sale in the open market.
In the future, the Post-Combination Company may also issue its securities in connection with investments or acquisitions. The amount of shares of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock issued in connection with an investment or acquisition could constitute a material portion of the Post-Combination Company’s then-outstanding shares of Class A common stock. Any issuance of additional securities in connection with investments or acquisitions may result in additional dilution to the Post-Combination Company’s stockholders.
Anti-takeover provisions in the Post-Combination Company’s organizational documents could delay or prevent a change of control.
Certain provisions of the Proposed Charter and the Post-Combination Company’s bylaws to become effective upon the consummation of the Merger may have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, defer or prevent a merger, acquisition, tender offer, takeover attempt or other change of control transaction that a stockholder might consider in its best interest, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares held by the Post-Combination Company’s stockholders.
These provisions provide for, among other things:

a staggered board, which means that our board of directors is classified into three classes of directors with staggered three-year terms and directors are only able to be removed from office for cause;
 
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the ability of the Post-Combination Company’s board of directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock;

advance notice for nominations of directors by stockholders and for stockholders to include matters to be considered at the Post-Combination Company’s annual meetings;

certain limitations on convening special stockholder meetings;

limiting the ability of stockholders to act by written consent; and

providing that the Post-Combination Company’s board of directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal Post-Combination Company bylaws.
These anti-takeover provisions could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire the Post-Combination Company, even if the third-party’s offer may be considered beneficial by many of the Post-Combination Company’s stockholders. As a result, the Post-Combination Company’s stockholders may be limited in their ability to obtain a premium for their shares. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing and to cause Skillsoft to take other corporate actions you desire. See “Description of Capital Stock of Post-Combination Company”.
The Proposed Charter will designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by the Post-Combination Company’s stockholders, which could limit the Post-Combination Company’s stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with the Post-Combination Company or its directors, officers, employees or stockholders.
The Proposed Charter will provide that, subject to limited exceptions, any (1) derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Post-Combination Company, (2) action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, stockholder or employee to the Post-Combination Company or its stockholders, (3) action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or the Proposed Charter or the Post-Combination Company’s bylaws or (4) action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be exclusively brought in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, another state or federal court located within the State of Delaware. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of the Post-Combination Company’s capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the provisions of the Proposed Charter described above. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with the Post-Combination Company or its directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against the Post-Combination Company and its directors, officers and employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find these provisions of the Proposed Charter inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, the Post-Combination Company may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect Skillsoft’s business and financial condition. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Proposed Charter will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act, or any other claim for which the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the sole and exclusive forum. While Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder, Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.
Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any shares of the Post-Combination Company’s capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the forum provisions in the Proposed Charter. If any action the subject matter of which is within the scope of the forum provisions is filed in a court other than a court located within the State of Delaware (a “foreign action”) in the name of any stockholder, such stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to: (x) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located within the State of Delaware in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce the forum provisions (an “enforcement action”); and
 
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(y) having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such enforcement action by service upon such stockholder’s counsel in the foreign action as agent for such stockholder.
This choice-of-forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with the Post-Combination Company or its directors, officers, stockholders, agents or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits. We note that there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce this provision, and the enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ charter documents has been challenged in legal proceedings. Further, investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. It is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable, and if a court were to find this provision of the Proposed Charter inapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, the Post-Combination Company may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect the Post-Combination Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations and result in a diversion of the time and resources of the Post-Combination Company’s management and board of directors.
Transformation of Skillsoft into a listed public company will increase its costs and may disrupt the regular operations of its business.
Skillsoft has operated as a privately owned company and expects to incur additional legal, regulatory, finance, accounting, investor relations and other administrative expenses as a result of having publicly traded common stock. In addition, while Skillsoft is currently in compliance with portions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), upon closing of the Merger, Skillsoft will be required under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules adopted by the SEC and the NYSE, to implement specified corporate governance practices that currently do not apply to Skillsoft as a private company.
Upon closing of the Merger, Skillsoft will be required to ensure that it has the ability to prepare financial statements on a timely basis that fully comply with all SEC reporting requirements and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting.
The additional demands associated with being a public company may disrupt regular operations of Skillsoft’s business by diverting the attention of some of its senior management team away from revenue producing activities to management and administrative oversight, adversely affecting Skillsoft’s ability to attract and complete business opportunities and increasing the difficulty in both retaining professionals and managing and growing Skillsoft’s businesses. In addition, failure to comply with any laws or regulations applicable to the Post-Combination Company as a public company may result in legal proceedings and/or regulatory investigations, and may cause reputational damage. Any of these effects could harm Skillsoft’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Redemption
There is no guarantee that a Churchill public stockholder’s decision whether to redeem their shares for a pro rata portion of the trust account will put such stockholder in a better future economic position.
No assurance can be given as to the price at which a public stockholder may be able to sell the shares of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock in the future following the completion of the Merger. Certain events following the consummation of any business combination, including the Merger, may cause an increase in the Post-Combination Company’s stock price, and may result in a lower value realized now than a Churchill stockholder might realize in the future had the stockholder not elected to redeem such stockholder’s Public Shares. Similarly, if a Churchill public stockholder does not redeem his, her or its shares, such stockholder will bear the risk of ownership of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock after the consummation of the Merger, and there can be no assurance that a stockholder can sell his, her or its shares of the Post-Combination Company’s Class A common stock in the future for a greater amount than the redemption price set forth in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. A Churchill public stockholder should consult his, her or its own tax and/or financial advisor for assistance on how this may affect its individual situation.
 
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If Churchill public stockholders fail to comply with the redemption requirements specified in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, they will not be entitled to redeem their Public Shares for a pro rata portion of the funds held in the trust account.
To exercise their redemption rights, holders are required to deliver their stock, either physically or electronically using Depository Trust Company’s DWAC System, to Churchill’s transfer agent two business days prior to the vote at the Churchill Special Meeting. If a holder properly seeks redemption as described in this joint proxy statement/prospectus and the Merger with Skillsoft is consummated, Churchill will redeem these shares for a pro rata portion of funds deposited in the trust account and the holder will no longer own such shares following the Merger. See the section entitled “Churchill Special Meeting of Stockholders — Redemption Rights” for additional information on how to exercise your redemption rights.
The ability of Churchill stockholders to exercise redemption rights with respect to a large number of shares could increase the probability that the Merger would be unsuccessful and that stockholders would have to wait for liquidation in order to redeem their stock.
At the time Churchill entered into the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and related agreements for the Merger, Churchill did not know how many stockholders would exercise their redemption rights, and therefore Churchill structured the Merger based on its expectations as to the number of shares that will be submitted for redemption. The Skillsoft Merger Agreement requires Churchill to have at least $644 million of Available Cash, after giving effect to redemptions of Public Shares, if any, and/or from other specified sources, if necessary. If a larger number of shares are submitted for redemption than initially expected, we may need to restructure the transaction to reserve a greater portion of the cash in the trust account. The above considerations may limit our ability to complete the Merger or optimize our capital structure.
If you or a “group” of stockholders of which you are a part are deemed to hold an aggregate of more than 15% of the Public Shares, you (or, if a member of such a group, all of the members of such group in the aggregate) will lose the ability to redeem all such shares in excess of 15% of the Public Shares.
A public stockholder, together with any of his, her or its affiliates or any other person with whom it is acting in concert or as a “group” ​(as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from redeeming in the aggregate his, her or its Public Shares or, if part of such a group, the group’s Public Shares, in excess of 15% of the Public Shares without the consent of Churchill. Your inability to redeem any such excess Public Shares could resulting in you suffering a material loss on your investment in Churchill if you sell such excess Public Shares in open market transactions. Churchill cannot assure you that the value of such excess Public Shares will appreciate over time following the Merger or that the market price of the Public Shares will exceed the per-share redemption price.
However, Churchill’s stockholders’ ability to vote all of their Public Shares (including such excess shares) for or against the Merger Proposal is not restricted by this limitation on redemption.
 
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Defined terms included below have the same meaning as terms defined and included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. Unless the context otherwise requires, the “Company” or “Churchill” refers to Churchill Capital Corp II and its subsidiaries before and at the Closing.
The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X, Pro Forma Financial Information, as amended by the final rule, Release No. 33-10786, which is herein referred to as Article 11. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements of the Company, Software Luxembourg Holding S.A. (“Skillsoft”), and Albert DE Holdings Inc. (“Global Knowledge”) present the combination of the financial information of the Company, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge adjusted to give pro forma effect to the following transactions:

The reorganization of certain Skillsoft affiliates under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (the “Skillsoft Reorganization”);

The Merger in accordance with the Skillsoft Merger Agreement;

The issuance of Churchill Class A common stock in accordance with (i) the Prosus PIPE Subscription Agreement and (ii) the SuRo PIPE Subscription Agreement that are effective upon the consummation of the Merger (collectively the “PIPE Investments”). With respect to the issuance of Churchill Class A common stock in accordance with the Prosus PIPE Subscription Agreement, the following pro forma condensed combined financial statements have been prepared to reflect both the First Step and Second Step Prosus Investments (without any reduction to the 40,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock subscribed for by Prosus in its exercise of the Option and assuming no exercise of the Prosus Top-Up Right) (as further described below);

The Global Knowledge Merger in accordance with the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement; and

The issuance of Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company in accordance with the Lodbrok Subscription Agreement that is effective upon the consummation of the Global Knowledge Merger.
The Company was incorporated as a Delaware corporation on April 11, 2019 and completed its initial public offering on June 26, 2019. The Company is a blank check company formed to acquire one or more businesses through a business combination transaction. Upon the closing of the Churchill IPO and the sale of private placement warrants, $690.0 million from the net proceeds thereof was placed in a trust account. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $697.0 million held in the trust account.
Pursuant to Churchill’s Existing Charter, upon the Closing, public stockholders will have the opportunity to redeem shares of Churchill Class A common stock then held by them for cash equal to their pro rata share of the aggregate amount on deposit (as of two business days prior to the Closing) in the trust account, subject to certain limitations. The Company cannot predict how many of its public stockholders will elect to redeem their shares. Each of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement have conditions relating to minimum cash available immediately after consummation of the respective transactions. The following pro forma condensed combined financial statements have been prepared to reflect the estimated impact of three potential outcomes, reflecting: no redemptions, the maximum allowable redemptions for the Merger, and the maximum redemptions that would permit the satisfaction of the minimum cash closing condition in the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement on the date of consummation of the Merger. The actual results will likely be within the redemption scenarios illustrated in the following pro forma condensed combined financial statements; however, there can be no assurance regarding which scenario will be closest to the actual results. Under all redemption scenarios, Churchill has been determined to be the accounting acquirer.
The following describes the transactions:

Skillsoft Reorganization: On June 14, 2020, Skillsoft Corporation, a subsidiary of Pointwell Limited, announced that it had entered into a Restructuring Support Agreement (the “Skillsoft RSA”) with a majority of its first and second lien lenders. Skillsoft Corporation and certain of its affiliates (including Pointwell) voluntarily filed “pre-packaged” Chapter 11 cases in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware in addition to ancillary proceedings in Canada under the Companies’
 
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Creditors Arrangement Act seeking recognition of the U.S. Chapter 11 proceedings in Canada. The U.S. Bankruptcy Court approved the RSA at the Company’s confirmation hearing on August 6, 2020 and Skillsoft and its affiliates emerged from Chapter 11 on August 27, 2020. As a result of the reorganization, ownership interest in Pointwell was transferred to a newly created legal entity, Software Luxembourg Holdings, the shares of which are owned by the lenders who had secured interest in Skillsoft and its affiliates prior to the petition date. Refer to Note 2 for pro forma adjustments related to the Skillsoft Reorganization.

Skillsoft Merger: On October 12, 2020, Churchill entered into the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. Under the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, Skillsoft will merge with and into Churchill, Skillsoft will cease to exist and Skillsoft’s subsidiaries will become subsidiaries of Churchill.

PIPE investments:
(i)
On October 12, 2020, Prosus entered into the Prosus Subscription Agreement with Churchill, pursuant to which Prosus subscribed for 10,000,000 newly-issued shares of Churchill Class A common stock, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share, to be issued at the closing (the “First Step Prosus Investment”), and Churchill granted Prosus a 30-day option (the “Option”) to subscribe for up to the lesser of (i) an additional 40,000,000 newly-issued shares of Churchill Class A common stock, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share or (ii) such additional number of shares that would result in Prosus beneficially owning shares of Churchill Class A common stock representing 35% of the issued and outstanding shares of Churchill on a fully-diluted and as-converted basis as of immediately following the closing (excluding any warrants issued to Prosus pursuant to the Prosus Subscription Agreement) (the “Second Step Prosus Investment” and together with the First Step Prosus Investment, the “Prosus PIPE Investment”). On November 10, 2020, Prosus exercised the Option to subscribe for an additional 40,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock in the Second Step Prosus Investment (or such number of shares as may be reduced pursuant to the Prosus Subscription Agreement) subject to regulatory approval. Pursuant to the Prosus Subscription Agreement, in connection with Prosus’s exercise of the Option and concurrently with the consummation of the Second Step Prosus Investment, Churchill will issue to Prosus warrants to purchase a number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock equal to one-third of the number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock purchased in the Prosus PIPE Investment (the “Prosus Warrants”). The Prosus Warrants will have terms substantively identical to those included in the units offered in the Churchill IPO.
The pro forma financial information has been furnished to present a no redemptions and maximum redemptions scenario that reflects the Prosus PIPE Investment. The additional funds from the Second Step Prosus Investment are reflected within the cash balance in the pro forma condensed combined financial statements as the Company will retain these funds to provide maximum balance sheet flexibility (and assumes no exercise of the Prosus Top-Up Right). Churchill and Prosus also agreed that following the consummation of the Merger, and in the event that Prosus beneficially owns less than the Prosus Maximum Ownership Amount, Prosus will have the concurrent right to purchase a number of additional shares of Churchill Class A common stock, at $10.00 per share, that would result in Prosus maintaining beneficial ownership of at least, but no more than, the Prosus Maximum Ownership Amount (the “Prosus Top-Up Right”). The following pro forma condensed combined financial statements do not reflect the Prosus Top-Up Right.
(ii)
On October 14, 2020, in connection with the execution of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, Churchill entered into a subscription agreement with SuRo Capital Corp. (“SuRo”) pursuant to which SuRo subscribed for 1,000,000 newly-issued shares of Churchill Class A common stock, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share (the “SuRo PIPE Investment”), to be issued at the Skillsoft Closing (the “SuRo Subscription Agreement”).
The Global Knowledge Merger meets the related business criteria defined by SEC’s Regulation S-X Rule 3-05 and is therefore included in the pro forma condensed combined financial statements.
 
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Global Knowledge Merger: On October 12, 2020, Churchill entered into the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement, which is subject to the consummation of the Merger.

Lodbrok PIPE Investment: On October 13, 2020, in connection with the execution of the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement, Churchill entered into a subscription agreement with Lodbrok Capital LLP (“Lodbrok”) pursuant to which Lodbrok subscribed for 2,000,000 newly-issued shares of Churchill Class A common stock, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share (the “Lodbrok PIPE Investment”), to be issued at the closing of the Global Knowledge Merger (the “Lodbrok Subscription Agreement”).
The Merger is not contingent on the Global Knowledge Merger, and as a result, the pro forma condensed combined financial statements first give effect to the Skillsoft Reorganization, the Merger, and the PIPE Investments and then give effect to the Global Knowledge Merger and the Lodbrok PIPE Investment. The shares to be issued as part of the Lodbrok PIPE Investment have not been included in the calculation of the no redemptions and maximum redemptions scenarios for the Merger; however, the Lodbrok PIPE Investment (shares only) and the Global Knowledge Merger closing condition for a minimum cash balance of $50.0 million post-closing have been included in the Global Knowledge Maximum Redemptions scenario for illustrative purposes.
The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 combines the historical balance sheets of Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge as if the Merger, PIPE Investments, the Global Knowledge Merger and the Lodbrok PIPE Investment had been consummated on December 31, 2020. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 combines the historical statements of operations of Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge for such periods on a pro forma basis as if the Skillsoft Reorganization, the Merger, the PIPE Investments, the Global Knowledge Merger and the Lodbrok PIPE Investment had been consummated at the beginning of the earliest period presented. Churchill’s fiscal year ends on December 31st, Skillsoft’s fiscal year ends on January 31st and Global Knowledge’s fiscal year ends on the Friday nearest September 30th of each year. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements are presented on the basis of Churchill’s fiscal year and combine the historical results of the fiscal periods of Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge.
In accordance with Article 11 the historical financial statements may be adjusted in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements to give pro forma effect to provide for “Transaction Accounting Adjustments” reflecting only the application of required accounting for the transactions. The Company has not included any Management Adjustments as defined under Release No. 33-10786.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements have been derived from and should be read in conjunction with:

the accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements;

the historical audited financial statements of Churchill as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the related notes, which are included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus;

the historical audited consolidated financial statements of Successor Skillsoft as of January 31, 2021 and for the period from August 28, 2020 to January 31, 2021, the historical audited consolidated financial statements of Predecessor Skillsoft for the period from February 1, 2020 to August 27, 2020, and the related notes, which are included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus;

the historical unaudited consolidated financial statements of Global Knowledge as of and for the three months ended January 1, 2021 and the related notes, which are included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus;

the historical audited consolidated financial statements of Global Knowledge as of and for the year ended October 2, 2020 and the related notes, which are included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus;

other information relating to Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge contained in this registration statement, including the description of the relevant transactions and certain terms thereof set forth in the sections titled “Summary” and the risk factors set forth under the section titled “Risk Factors”.
 
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The Merger will be considered a business combination and will be accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting, whereby Churchill has been determined to be the accounting acquirer, in both the no redemptions and maximum redemptions scenarios, primarily based on the following predominate factors:

Existing Churchill stockholders will have the largest voting interest in the combined entity in the no redemptions scenario;

In the maximum redemptions scenarios, Skillsoft shareholders’ ownership interest in the combined company is similar to that of Churchill stockholders. These respective ownership interests in the combined company do not provide either party with a controlling interest. Further, Prosus is an independent investor and does not influence and is not influenced by Churchill or Skillsoft stockholders or shareholders, respectively;

Prosus’s ownership interest in the combined company is limited in the Prosus PIPE Investment to subscribing for up to a number of additional shares of Churchill Class A common stock that would result in it beneficially owning 35% of the issued and outstanding shares of Churchill Class A common stock on a fully-diluted and as-converted basis, which limits its ability to obtain a controlling interest;

The board of directors of the combined company will initially have seven members and the Sponsor will have the right to nominate six members of the initial board. The initial board composition of the combined company is independent of the redemptions scenarios; and

Churchill has placed the Chief Executive Officer and other members of management of the combined company.
Other factors were considered; however, they would not change the preponderance of factors indicating that Churchill is the accounting acquirer. Moreover, Prosus completing the First Step or First and Second Step Investments would not change the determination that Churchill was the accounting acquirer.
The Global Knowledge Merger will be considered a business combination and will be accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The Merger is required to be completed prior to the Global Knowledge Merger, and, therefore, Global Knowledge will be acquired by the Post-Combination Company after the Merger.
Description of the Minimum and Maximum Allowable Redemptions Scenarios
As discussed above, the Prosus Subscription Agreement includes the First Step Investment and a Second Step Investment which, if funded at the closing of the Merger, would impact the maximum number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock that could be redeemed in connection with the Merger and still satisfy the Available Cash Condition (as defined in the Skillsoft Merger Agreement). The additional funds from the Second Step Prosus Investment are reflected within the cash balance in the pro forma condensed combined financial statements as the Company will retain these funds to provide maximum balance sheet flexibility. A condition to closing the Global Knowledge Merger is that there is a minimum cash requirement of $50.0 million after giving effect to the Global Knowledge Merger. The Company has furnished pro forma condensed combined financial statements that reflects both the First Step and the Second Step Prosus Investments. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared using the following assumptions with respect to the two potential redemption outcomes:

Assuming No Redemptions: This presentation assumes that no public stockholders of Churchill Class A common stock exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares for a pro rata share of the funds in the trust account.

Assuming Maximum Redemptions: This presentation assumes that public stockholders holding 55,738,336 shares of Churchill Class A common stock exercise their redemption rights for their pro rata share ($10.10 per share as of December 31, 2020) of the funds in the trust account. This scenario gives effect to Public Share redemptions for an aggregate payment of approximately $563.0 million using a per share redemption price that was calculated based on the availability of $697.0 million in the trust account, divided by 69,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock outstanding, in each case as of December 31, 2020. This is the estimated maximum number of redemptions assuming that the Available Cash Condition set forth in the Skillsoft Merger Agreement
 
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is satisfied, and assuming no cash of Skillsoft or Churchill (other than PIPE Investment proceeds and funds held in the trust account) is available for the payment of redemptions.
Redemptions
Using the $10.10 estimated per share redemption price, the number of shares estimated in this maximum redemptions scenario is based on the total cash available at the date of the redemption, which includes cash from the conversion of the trust account, the First Step and Second Step Prosus Investment and the SuRo PIPE Investment, less the minimum cash requirement of $644.0 million, which reflects payment of the merger consideration, the retention of a minimum cash balance, and estimated transaction costs.
The pro forma share capitalization of the Company following the Merger and after giving effect to the PIPE Investments is as follows:
No Redemptions
Maximum Redemptions
Total Capitalization (in thousands, except percentages)
Shares
%
Shares
%
Skillsoft Shareholders
28,500 17% 28,500 26%
Churchill Public Shares*
69,000 42% 13,262 12%
Churchill Sponsor II LLC
17,250 10% 17,250 16%
PIPE Investors**
51,000 31% 51,000 46%
Total Churchill Class A shares***
165,750 100% 110,012 100%
*
The Maximum Redemptions as shown in the pro forma capitalization excludes Skillsoft’s cash balance ($71.5 million, as of January 31, 2021), which is legally available for redemptions. Inclusion of Skillsoft’s cash balance would increase the cash available for redemptions and decrease the percentage of ownership of Churchill public stockholders and increase the percentage ownership of Skillsoft Shareholders, the Sponsor and the PIPE Investors ratably in a Maximum Redemptions scenario.
**
Does not include (i) the issuance of Class A common stock of the combined company in accordance with the Lodbrok Subscription Agreement that is effective upon the consummation of the Global Knowledge Merger or (ii) the issuance of Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company in connection with the exercise of the Prosus Top-Up Right.
***
Does not include (i) shares underlying 23,000,000 public warrants to purchase Churchill Class A common stock at $11.50 per share that are outstanding, (ii) shares underlying 15,800,000 of private placement warrants issued to the Sponsor for $1.00 per warrant to purchase Churchill Class A common stock at $11.50 per share at the time of the Churchill IPO, (iii) shares underlying 1,500,000 of private placement warrants issuable to the Sponsor for $1.00 per warrant to purchase Churchill Class A common stock at $11.50 per share as repayment for the $1,500,000 Sponsor Loan dated November 2, 2020, at consummation of the Merger, (iv) 5,000,000 warrants to be issued to the equity holders of Global Knowledge to purchase Churchill Class A common stock at $11.50 per share at consummation of the Global Knowledge Merger, (v) warrants, options or restricted shares expected to be issued to the new CEO or other employees pursuant to the Incentive Plan or (vi) shares underlying the Prosus Warrants.
 
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED
COMBINED BALANCE SHEET
AS OF DECEMBER 31. 2020
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data)
As of
December 31,
2020
As of
January 31,
2021
As of December 31, 2020
Churchill
Capital
Corp II
Skillsoft
Pro
Forma
Adjustments
(Note 4)
Skillsoft
Purchase
Accounting
Adjustments
(Note 5)
Pro Forma
Condensed
Combined
(Assuming
No Redemptions)
Additional
Pro Forma
Adjustments
(Assuming
Maximum
Redemptions)
(Note 4)
Pro Forma
Condensed
Combined
(Assuming
Maximum
Redemptions)
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 3,874 $ 71,479 $ 696,957
4A
$ (505,000)
5A
$ 716,703 $ (562,957)
4F
$ 153,746
(21,371)
4B
(11,600)
5I
500,000
4C
(17,636)
4D
Restricted cash
2,964 2,964 2,964
Accounts receivable (net)
179,784 179,784 179,784
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
94 30,326 30,420 30,420
Total Current Assets
3,968 284,553 1,157,950 (516,600) 929,871 (562,957) 366,914
Property and equipment, net
13,780 13,780 13,780
Intangible assets, net
728,633 154,076
5D
882,709 882,709
Goodwill
495,004 37,518
5H
532,522 532,522
Right of use assets
15,131 15,131 15,131
Other assets
8,636 8,636 8,636
Deferred tax assets
Marketable securities held in Trust Account
696,957 (696,957)
4A
TOTAL ASSETS
$ 700,925 $ 1,545,737 $ 460,993 $ (325,006) $ 2,382,649 $ (562,957) $ 1,819,692
Current liabilities
Accrued expenses
$ 636 $ 23,125 $ 2,001
4D
$ 1,000
5I
$ 26,762 $ $ 26,762
Accounts payable
7,425 7,425 7,425
Accrued compensation
36,375 36,375 36,375
Deferred revenues
257,549 (88,985)
5F
168,564 168,564
Current maturities of long-term debt
3,104 5,200 (3,104)
4I
5,200 5,200
Lease liability – short-term
4,740 4,740 4,740
Credit facility
17,022 17,022 17,022
Income taxes payable
95 95 95
Total Current Liabilities
3,835 351,436 (1,103) (87,985) 266,183 266,183
Deferred tax liabilities
1 81,008 50,833
5G
131,842 131,842
Lease liability – long-term
13,155 13,155 13,155
Derivative liabilities
128,339 3,104
4I
115,295 115,295
(16,148)
4J
Deferred revenue -non-current
3,035 3,035 3,035
Other long-term liabilities
6,898 20,000
5C
26,898 26,898
Long term debt
510,236 510,236 510,236
Deferred underwriting fee payable
21,371 (21,371)
4B
Total Liabilities
153,546 965,768 (35,518) (17,152) 1,066,644 1,066,644
 
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As of
December 31,
2020
As of
January 31,
2021
As of December 31, 2020
Churchill
Capital
Corp II
Skillsoft
Pro
Forma
Adjustments
(Note 4)
Skillsoft
Purchase
Accounting
Adjustments
(Note 5)
Pro Forma
Condensed
Combined
(Assuming
No Redemptions)
Additional
Pro Forma
Adjustments
(Assuming
Maximum
Redemptions)
(Note 4)
Pro Forma
Condensed
Combined
(Assuming
Maximum
Redemptions)
Commitments
Class A Common stock subject to possible
redemption
542,379 (542,379)
4E
Stockholders’ Equity
Class A Common stock, $0.0001 par
value
1 5
4C
3
5B
16 (5)
4F
11
7
4E
Class B Common stock, $0.0001 par
value
2 2 2
Successor Class A and Class B shares
40 (40)
5E
Accum. other comprehensive (loss)
income
(682) 682
5E
Additional paid-in capital
92,139 674,333 499,995
4C
(674,333)
5E
1,434,402 (562,952)
4F
871,450
542,372
4E
284,712
5B
15,184
4J
Accumulated deficit
(87,142) (93,722) (19,637)
4D
93,722
5E
(118,415) (118,415)
964
4J
(12,600)
5I
Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
5,000 579,969 1,038,890 (307,854) 1,316,005 (562,957) 753,048
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
$ 700,925 $ 1,545,737 $ 460,993 $ (325,006) $ 2,382,649 $ (562,957) $ 1,819,692
 
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED BALANCE SHEET — CONTINUED
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data)
As of
December 31,
2020
As of
January 1,
2021
As of December 31, 2020,
including Global Knowledge
Pro Forma
Condensed
Combined
(Assuming
No Redemptions)
Global
Knowledge
Pro Forma
Adjustments
(Note 4)
Accounting
Policies,
Reclassifications,
and
Eliminations
(Note 6)
Global
Knowledge
Purchase
Accounting
Adjustments
Pro Forma
Condensed Combined
(Assuming
No Redemptions)
Additional
Pro Forma
Adjustments
(Assuming
Global
Knowledge
Maximum
Redemptions)
(Note 4)
Pro Forma
Condensed
Combined
(Assuming
Global
Knowledge
Maximum
Redemptions)
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 716,703 $ 17,808 $ 19,600
4G
(250)
6B
$ (170,050)
7A
$ 576,655 $ (512,957)
4H
$ 63,698
(7,156)
7J
Restricted cash
2,964 250
6B
3,214 3,214
Accounts receivable (net)
179,784 29,388 (39)
6C
209,133 209,133
Prepaid expenses and other current
assets
30,420 14,331 (755)
6A
43,996 43,996
Total Current Assets
929,871 61,527 19,600 (794) (177,206) 832,998 (512,957) 320,041
Property and equipment, net
13,780 6,551 20,331 20,331
Intangible assets, net
882,709 44,576 131,394
7E
1,058,679 1,058,679
Goodwill
532,522 125,083 (23,173)
7I
634,432 634,432
Right of use assets
15,131 8,936
6A
759
7G
24,836 24,836
10
6B
Other assets
8,636 4,659 (23)
6B
13,272 13,272
Deferred tax assets
1,044 1,044 1,044
Marketable securities held in Trust Account
TOTAL ASSETS
$ 2,382,649 $ 243,440 $ 19,600 $ 8,129 $ (68,226) $ 2,585,592 $ (512,957) $ 2,072,635
Current liabilities
Accrued expenses
$ 26,762 $ 52,370 $ $ (11,167)
6B
$ (23,087)
7C
$ 45,178 $ $ 45,178
300
7J
Accounts payable
7,425 37,557 (39)
6C
44,943 44,943
Accrued compensation
36,375 9,870
6B
46,245 46,245
Deferred revenues
168,564 25,898 (6,932)
7H
187,530 187,530
Current maturities of long-term debt
5,200 212,427 (212,427)
7C
5,200 5,200
Lease liability – short-term
4,740 4,685
6A
9,425 9,425
Credit facility
17,022 35,796 (35,796)
7C
17,022 17,022
Income taxes payable
95 1,297
6B
1,392 1,392
Total Current Liabilities
266,183 364,048 4,646 (277,942) 356,935 356,935
Deferred tax liabilities
131,842 329 12,596
7K
144,767 144,767
Lease liability – long-term
13,155 5,965
6A
321
7G
19,441 19,441
Derivative liabilities
115,295 9,900
7D
125,195 125,195
Deferred revenue -non-current
3,035 3,035 3,035
Other long-term liabilities
26,898 3,418 (2,469)
6A
27,834 27,834
(13)
6B
Long term debt
510,236 11,397 (11,397)
7C
580,236 580,236
70,000
7B
Deferred underwriting fee payable
Total Liabilities
1,066,644 379,192 8,129 (196,522) 1,257,443 1,257,443
 
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As of
December 31,
2020
As of
January 1,
2021
As of December 31, 2020,
including Global Knowledge
Pro Forma
Condensed
Combined
(Assuming
No Redemptions)
Global
Knowledge
Pro Forma
Adjustments
(Note 4)
Accounting
Policies,
Reclassifications,
and
Eliminations
(Note 6)
Global
Knowledge
Purchase
Accounting
Adjustments
Pro Forma
Condensed Combined
(Assuming
No Redemptions)
Additional
Pro Forma
Adjustments
(Assuming
Global
Knowledge
Maximum
Redemptions)
(Note 4)
Pro Forma
Condensed
Combined
(Assuming
Global
Knowledge
Maximum
Redemptions)
Commitments
Class A Common stock subject to possible redemption
Stockholders’ Equity
Class A Common stock, $0.0001 par
value
16 16 (5)
4H
11
Class B Common stock, $0.0001 par
value
2 2 2
Successor Class A and Class B shares
Accum. other comprehensive (loss) income
36 (36)
7F
Additional paid-in capital
1,434,402 242,375 19,600
4G
(242,375)
7F
1,454,002 (512,952)
4H
941,050
Accumulated deficit
(118,415) (378,163) 378,163
7F
(125,871) (125,871)
(7,456)
7J
Total Stockholders’ Equity
1,316,005 (135,752) 19,600 128,296 1,328,149 (512,957) 815,192
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
$ 2,382,649 $ 243,440 $ 19,600 $ 8,129 $ (68,226) $ 2,585,592 $ (512,957) $ 2,072,635
 
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data)
For the
year ended
December 31,
2020
For the
year ended
January 31,
2021
For the year ended
December 31, 2020
Churchill
Capital
Corp II
Pro Forma
Skillsoft
As Adjusted
(Note 2)
Pro Forma
Adjustments
(Note 4)
Skillsoft
Purchase
Accounting
Adjustments
(Note 5)
Pro Forma
Condensed
Combined
(Assuming
No Redemptions)
Additional
Pro Forma
Adjustments
(Assuming
Maximum
Redemptions)
(Note 4)
Pro Forma
Condensed
Combined
(Assuming
Maximum
Redemptions)
Revenues:
Total revenues
$ $ 350,117 $ $ $ 350,117 $ $ 350,117
Operating expenses
Cost of revenues
93,058 93,058 93,058
Content and software development
69,014 69,014 69,014
Selling and marketing
123,783 123,783 123,783
General and administrative
(2,000) 59,091 19,637
4BB
12,600
5DD
89,328 89,328
Amortization of intangible assets
98,977 17,723
5AA
116,700 116,700
Impairment of intangible assets
Impairment of goodwill
332,376 332,376 332,376
Recapitalization and transaction-related costs
48,027 48,027 48,027
Restructuring
5,520 5,520 5,520
Operating and formation costs
2,907 2,907 2,907
Total operating expenses
907 829,846 19,637 30,323 880,713 880,713
Operating income (loss): $ (907) $ (479,729) $ (19,637) $ (30,323) $ (530,596) $ $ (530,596)
Other income (expense), net
2,518 4,725 (2,518)
4AA
4,725 4,725
Loss on derivative liabilities
(73,583) 964
4EE
(72,619) (72,619)
Reorganization items, net
3,329,245 3,329,245 3,329,245
Loss on derivative instruments
(5) (5) (5)
Interest income
129 129 129
Interest expense
(46,016) (1,522)
5BB
(47,538) (47,538)
(Loss) income before provision (benefit) for income taxes
(71,972) 2,808,349 (21,191) (31,845) 2,683,341 2,683,341
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
487 65,744 (4,451) (6,688)
5CC
55,092 55,092
Net (loss) income
$ (72,459) $ 2,742,605 $ (16,740) $ (25,157) $ 2,628,249 $ $ 2,628,249
Earnings per Share
Weighted average Class A shares outstanding
165,750,000 (55,738,336)
4CC
110,011,664
Earnings per share (basic and diluted)
attributable to Class A common
stockholders
$ 15.86 $ $ 23.89
 
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS — CONTINUED
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020
(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data)
For the
year ended
December 31,
2020
For the twelve
months ended
January 1,
2021
For the year ended December 31, 2020,
including Global Knowledge
Pro Forma
Condensed
Combined
(Assuming
No Redemptions)
Global
Knowledge
(Pro forma)
Accounting
Policies,
Reclassifications,
and
Eliminations
(Note 6)
Global
Knowledge
Purchase
Accounting
Adjustments
Pro Forma
Condensed
Combined
(Assuming
No Redemptions)
Additional
Pro Forma
Adjustments
(Assuming
Global
Knowledge
Maximum
Redemptions)
(Note 4)
Pro Forma
Condensed
Combined
(Assuming
Global
Knowledge
Maximum
Redemptions)
Revenues:
Total revenues
$ 350,117 $ 189,649 $ (697)
6BB
$ (6,932)
7AA
$ 532,137 $ $ 532,137
Operating expenses
Cost of revenues
93,058 104,465 (697)
6BB
196,826 196,826
Content and software development
69,014 2,484 71,498 71,498
Selling and marketing
123,783 41,511 165,294 165,294
General and administrative
89,328 34,201 118
7BB
131,103 131,103
7,456
7FF
Amortization of intangible assets
116,700 7,279 14,745
7CC
138,724 138,724
Impairment of intangible assets
7,879 7,879 7,879
Impairment of goodwill
332,376 59,553 391,929 391,929
Recapitalization and transaction-related costs
48,027 48,027 48,027
Restructuring
5,520 7,275 12,795 12,795
Operating and formation costs
2,907 2,907 2,907
Total operating expenses
880,713 264,647 (697) 22,319 1,166,982 1,166,982
Operating income (loss): $ (530,596) $ (74,998) $ $ (29,251) $ (634,845) $ $ (634,845)
Other income (expense), net
4,725 (1,997) 2,728 2,728
Loss on derivative liabilities
(72,619) (72,619) (72,619)
Reorganization items, net
3,329,245 3,329,245 3,329,245
Loss on derivative instruments
(5) (5) (5)
Interest income
129 2,966
6AA
3,095 3,095
Interest expense
(47,538) (31,750) (2,966)
6AA
28,766
7DD
(53,488) (53,488)
(Loss) income before provision (benefit) for income taxes
2,683,341 (108,745) (485) 2,574,111 2,574,111
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
55,092 1,016 (2,069)
7EE
54,039 54,039
Net (loss) income
$ 2,628,249 $ (109,761) $ $ 1,584 $ 2,520,072 $ $ 2,520,072
Earnings per Share
Weighted average Class A shares outstanding
165,750,000 167,750,000 (50,787,841)
4DD
116,962,159
Earnings per share (basic and diluted) attributable to Class A common stockholders
$ 15.86 $ 15.02 $ $ 21.55
 
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Description of the Merger and Global Knowledge Merger
Pursuant to the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, the Company will acquire all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Skillsoft in exchange for (i) 24,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A Common Stock and 3,840,000 shares of Churchill Class C Common Stock, in each case, with respect to the Skillsoft Class A Shares and (ii) 4,500,000 shares of Churchill Class A Common Stock with respect to the Skillsoft Class B Shares. Upon consummation of the Merger, the Company will redeem all Churchill Class C common stock issued to Skillsoft’s Class A shareholders for an aggregate redemption price of (a) $505.0 million and (b) Term Loans in the aggregate principal amount of $20.0 million, issued by certain subsidiaries of the combined company. As a result of the transaction and subsequent to the PIPE financing inclusive of both the First Step and Second Step Prosus Investments (without any reduction to the 40,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock subscribed for by Prosus in its exercise of the Option and assuming no exercise of the Prosus Top-Up Right), Skillsoft shareholders will hold approximately 17% or 26% of the total outstanding shares of the Post-Combination Company in the No Redemptions or Maximum Redemptions scenarios, respectively.
In addition, the Company entered into a merger agreement with Albert DE Holdings, Inc., the parent company of Global Knowledge Training, LLC. Upon consummation of the Global Knowledge Merger, all prior shares of Global Knowledge will be converted into the right to receive 5,000,000 warrants of the Post-Combination Company. No Churchill Class A common stock is being issued as part of the Global Knowledge Merger. In accordance with the Global Knowledge RSA, in conjunction with the acquisition of Global Knowledge, cash payments totaling $170.1 million and new term loans with aggregate principal amounts of $70.0 million will be paid to Global Knowledge’s existing creditors. Consummation of the Global Knowledge Merger is contingent on a retention of a $50.0 million minimum cash balance. Following the Global Knowledge Merger and the Lodbrok PIPE Investment, Skillsoft shareholders will hold approximately 17% or 24% of the total outstanding shares of the combined company in the No Redemptions or Global Knowledge Maximum Redemptions scenarios (described below), respectively.
Assumptions and estimates underlying the unaudited pro forma adjustments set forth in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements are described in the accompanying notes. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements have been presented for illustrative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the operating results and financial position that would have been achieved had the Merger and Global Knowledge Merger occurred on the dates indicated. Further, the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements do not purport to project the future operating results or financial position of the Post-Combination Company and New Skillsoft following the completion of the Merger and Global Knowledge Merger. Where applicable, as described in the accompanying notes, the unaudited pro forma adjustments represent management’s estimates based on information available as of the date of these unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements and are subject to change as additional information becomes available and analyses are performed.
Description of Global Knowledge Maximum Redemptions Scenario
The Company’s pro forma condensed combined financial statements for the Global Knowledge Merger have also been prepared to reflect the minimum cash closing condition for Global Knowledge through an adjustment to the maximum level of redemptions at the time of the Merger. For illustrative purposes, this presentation assumes that stockholders holding 50,787,841 shares of Churchill Class A common stock exercise their redemption rights for their pro rata share ($10.10 per share as of December 31, 2020) of the funds in the trust account. This scenario gives effect to Public Share redemptions for an aggregate payment of approximately $513.0 million using a per share redemption price that was calculated based on the availability of $697.0 million in the trust account, divided by 69,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock outstanding, in each case as of December 31, 2020. This is the estimated maximum number of redemptions that could be effected while satisfying the minimum cash conditions set forth in each of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and Global Knowledge Merger Agreement on the date of consummation of the Merger, and assuming no cash of Skillsoft or Churchill (other than the PIPE Investments, excluding the Lodbrok PIPE Investment and funds held in the trust account) is available for the payment of redemptions.
Using the $10.10 estimated per share redemption price, the number of shares estimated in this maximum redemptions scenario is based on the total cash available at the date of the redemption, which includes cash
 
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from the conversion of the trust account, the First Step and Second Step Prosus Investment, and the SuRo PIPE Investment, less a minimum cash requirement of $694.0 million, which includes cash consideration for the Merger and Global Knowledge Merger, the retention of a minimum cash balance, and estimated transaction costs.
The pro forma share capitalization of the Company following the Merger and the Global Knowledge Merger after giving effect to the Lodbrok PIPE Investment is as follows:
Global Knowledge
No Redemptions
Global Knowledge
Maximum Redemptions
Total Capitalization (in 000s)
Shares
%
Shares
%
Skillsoft Shareholders
28,500 17% 28,500 24%
Churchill Public Shares*
69,000 42% 18,212 15%
Churchill Sponsor II LLC
17,250 10% 17,250 15%
PIPE Investors**
51,000 30% 51,000 44%
Lodbrok PIPE Investments
2,000 1% 2,000 2%
Total Churchill Class A shares***
167,750 100% 116,962 100%
*
The Maximum Redemptions as shown in the pro forma capitalization excludes Skillsoft’s cash balance ($71.5 million, as of January 31, 2021), which is legally available for redemptions. Inclusion of Skillsoft’s cash balance would increase the cash available for redemptions and decrease the percentage ownership of Churchill public stockholders and increase the percentage ownership of Skillsoft Shareholders, the Sponsor and the PIPE Investors, ratably, in the Global Knowledge Maximum Redemptions scenario.
**
Does not include the issuance of Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company in connection with the exercise of the Prosus Top-Up Right.
***
Does not include (i) shares underlying 23,000,000 public warrants to purchase Churchill Class A common stock at $11.50 per share that are outstanding, (ii) shares underlying 15,800,000 private placement warrants issued to the Sponsor for $1.00 per warrant to purchase Churchill Class A common stock at $11.50 per share at the time of the Churchill IPO, (iii) shares underlying 1,500,000 private placement warrants issuable to the Sponsor for $1.00 per warrant to purchase Churchill Class A common stock at $11.50 per share as repayment for the $1,500,000 Sponsor Loan dated November 2, 2020, at consummation of the Merger, (iv) 5,000,000 warrants to be issued to the equity holders of Global Knowledge to purchase Churchill Class A common stock at $11.50 per share at consummation of the Global Knowledge Merger, (v) warrants, options or restricted shares expected to be issued to the new CEO or other employees pursuant to the Incentive Plan or (vi) shares underlying the Prosus Warrants.
 
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Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements
1. Basis of Presentation
The Merger and Global Knowledge Merger were treated as business combinations and accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting, with goodwill and other intangible assets recorded, in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the net assets of Churchill are stated at historical cost, with the acquired assets and assumed liabilities of Skillsoft and Global Knowledge stated at fair value in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 gives pro forma effect to the Merger, the PIPE Investments, and the Global Knowledge Merger as if they had been consummated on December 31, 2020. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 give pro forma effect to the Merger, PIPE Investments and Global Knowledge Merger as if they had been consummated on January 1, 2020. In addition, as described more fully in Note 2, the pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 for Skillsoft give pro forma effect to the Skillsoft Reorganization as if it had occurred on February 1, 2020, the earliest period presented.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 has been prepared using, and should be read in conjunction with, the following:

Churchill’s audited balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 and the related notes, which is included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus;

Successor Skillsoft’s unaudited balance sheet as of January 31, 2021 and the related notes, which is included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus; and

Global Knowledge’s unaudited balance sheet as of January 1, 2021 and the related notes, which is included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 has been prepared using, and should be read in conjunction with, the following:

Churchill’s audited statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the related notes, which is included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus;

Successor Skillsoft’s audited statement of operations for the period from August 28, 2020 to January 31, 2021 and Predecessor Skillsoft’s unaudited statement of operations for the period from February 1, 2020 to August 27, 2020 and the related notes, which is included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus;

Global Knowledge’s audited statement of operations for the year ended October 2, 2020 and the related notes, which is included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. Global Knowledge’s unaudited statement of operations for the twelve months ended January 1, 2021 was derived from the audited statement of operations for the year ended October 2, 2020 less the unaudited statement of operations for the three months ended December 27, 2019, which had revenue of $68.2 million and a net loss of $4.6 million, plus the unaudited statement of operations for the three months ended January 1, 2021, which had revenue of $49.3 million and a net loss of $11.9 million, in order to conform Global Knowledge to Churchill’s fiscal periods.
Management has made significant estimates and assumptions in its determination of the pro forma adjustments. As the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared based on these preliminary estimates, the final amounts recorded may differ materially from the information presented.
The pro forma financial information does not reflect adjustments for any other consummated or probable acquisitions by either Churchill, Skillsoft, and Global Knowledge that is significant in accordance with Regulation S-X Rule 3-05, as amended by Release No. 33-10786, Amendments to Financial Disclosures About Acquired and Disposed Businesses, as adopted by the SEC on May 20, 2020 because no significant transactions were identified.
 
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The pro forma financial information has been prepared by Churchill in accordance with Article 11. The pro forma financial information is based on various adjustments and assumptions and is not necessarily indicative of what Churchill’s consolidated statements of operations or consolidated balance sheet actually would have been had the Merger, the PIPE Investments and the Global Knowledge Merger been completed as of the dates indicated or will be for any future periods.
The pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share amounts presented in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements of operations are based on the weighted average number of Churchill shares outstanding, assuming the Skillsoft Reorganization, the Merger, the PIPE Investments, the Global Knowledge Merger, and related transactions occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented. The pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share amounts presented in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements of operations under the Global Knowledge Maximum Redemptions scenario include both the Lodbrok PIPE Investment and the $50.0 million minimum cash condition set forth in the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement.
2. Skillsoft Reorganization Pro Forma Adjustments
The following pro forma adjustments reflect the impact of the Skillsoft Reorganization as if it had occurred on February 1, 2020. The historical financial information for the year ended January 31, 2021 is derived from the actual predecessor period from February 1, 2020 to August 27, 2020 and the successor period from August 28, 2020 to January 31, 2021 reflecting Skillsoft’s emergence from its bankruptcy proceedings and the application of fresh-start accounting creating a new basis in the assets and liabilities of Skillsoft.
Predecessor
Successor
(amounts in thousands)
February 1, 2020
through
August 27,
2020
For the period
August 28, 2020
through
January 31,
2021
Pro Forma
Adjustments
Pro Forma
Combined
Skillsoft
As Adjusted
Revenues:
Total revenues
$ 273,851 $ 108,768
$
(32,502)
2AA
$ 350,117
Operating expenses
Cost of revenues
52,160 40,898 93,058
Content and software development
38,986 30,028 69,014
Selling and marketing
75,028 55,285 (6,530)
2AA
123,783
General and administrative
37,455 21,636 59,091
Amortization of intangible assets
34,378 39,824 24,775
2BB
98,977
Impairment of goodwill
332,376 332,376
Recapitalization and transaction-related costs
32,099 13,928 46,027
Restructuring
1,179 4,341 5,520
Total operating expenses
603,661 207,940 18,245 829,846
Operating loss: $ (329,810) $ (99,172) $ (50,747) $ (479,729)
Other expense, net
1,273 3,452 4,725
Reorganization items, net
3,329,245 3,329,245
Loss on derivative instruments
(5) (5)
Interest income
105 24 129
Interest expense, net
(168,341) (19,960) 142,285
2CC
(46,016)
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes
2,832,467 (115,656) 91,538 2,808,349
Provision for income taxes
68,455 (21,934) 19,223
2DD
65,744
Net income (loss)
$ 2,764,012 $ (93,722) $ 72,315 $ 2,742,605
 
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Explanations to the footnotes of the Skillsoft Reorganization adjustments:
2AA.
Reflects the (i) amortization of the deferred revenue fair value adjustment that occurred as a result of Skillsoft’s “fresh-start” accounting adjustment, which resulted in a decrease to revenue of approximately $32.5 for the period from February 1, 2020 to August 27, 2020 and (ii) the reduction of commissions expense based on Skillsoft’s “fresh-start” adjustment to deferred commissions.
2BB.
Reflects the adjustment to amortization expense for the predecessor entity of Skillsoft based on the application of “fresh-start” accounting as of February 1, 2020. The adjustment includes the removal of predecessor entity amortization and includes the seven months of amortization based on the value of Skillsoft’s amortizable intangible assets as a result of the application of “fresh-start” accounting. The results for the successor period from August 28, 2020 through January 31, 2021 do not require adjustment as this period’s result already reflect the updated value of Skillsoft’s amortizable intangible assets as a result of the application of fresh-start accounting. Amortization is based on the fair value of the amortizable assets and the estimated economic useful life at the time of emergence (August 28, 2020). The pro forma amortization adjustment for the predecessor entity of Skillsoft resulted in increases of approximately $24.8 million for the period from February 1, 2020 through August 27, 2020.
Pro forma adjustment to amortization:
For the period from
February 1, 2020 through
August 27, 2020
(in thousands)
Remove predecessor Skillsoft amortization on intangible
assets valued at fresh start
$ (34,378)
Add amortization on intangible assets valued at fresh start for predecessor period
59,153
Pro forma adjustment
$ 24,775
2CC.
Reflects the elimination of interest expense recorded at the predecessor entity of Skillsoft, which was associated with Predecessor Skillsoft’s long-term debt that was converted into equity instruments of Successor Skillsoft upon emergence from Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization. Other bank facilities and obligations of the predecessor entity were repaid in full or discharged in accordance with the terms of the bankruptcy. This adjustment also reflects recording pro forma interest expense based on Skillsoft’s Senior Secured First Out Term Loan and Senior Secured Second Out Term Loan as of February 1, 2020. The results for the successor period from August 28, 2020 through January 31, 2021 do not require adjustment as this period’s results already reflect the current financing.
Pro forma adjustment to interest and other debt costs, net:
For the period
from February 1,
2020 through
August 27, 2020
(in thousands)
Remove predecessor interest and other debt costs, net
$ (168,341)
Add interest and other debt costs, net for Senior Secured Term
Loans
26,056
Pro forma adjustment
$ (142,285)
2DD.
Reflects the current period tax effects from the fresh-start adjustments in the year ended January 31, 2021.
 
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3. Accounting Policies and Reclassifications — Churchill and Skillsoft
In the preparation of these unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements, no reclassifications were determined to be necessary to align Churchill’s and Skillsoft’s financial statement presentations. Management will perform a comprehensive review of Churchill’s and Skillsoft’s accounting policies upon the completion of the Merger. As a result of the review, management may identify differences between the accounting policies of the entities which, when conformed, could have a material impact on the financial statements of the post-combination company. Based on its initial analysis, Churchill has not identified any differences between Churchill and Skillsoft that would have an impact on the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information.
There were no intercompany transactions between Churchill and Skillsoft that would require adjustment to these pro forma financial statements for any of the periods presented.
4. Adjustments to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information
Adjustments to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet
The adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 are as follows:
4A.
Reflects the reclassification of Churchill’s marketable securities held in the trust account of approximately $697.0 million to cash as it becomes available upon the Merger.
4B.
Reflects settlement of approximately $21.4 million of deferred underwriter fees related to the Churchill IPO that are contingent on the Merger.
4C.
Reflects the consummation of the Prosus Subscription Agreement and the proceeds of $500.0 million, net of estimated issuance costs of $10.0 million, from the issuance and sale of 11,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock at $10.00 per share in the PIPE financing pursuant to the PIPE Investments and reflecting the First Step Investment by Prosus plus the issuance and sale of an additional 40,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock at $10.00 per share reflecting the Second Step Investment by Prosus (without any reduction to the 40,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock subscribed for by Prosus in its exercise of the Option and assuming no exercise of the Prosus Top-Up Right).
4D.
Reflects the settlement and accrual of additional estimated transaction costs of million $17.6 and $2.0 million, respectively, incurred by Churchill and related to both the Merger and Global Knowledge Merger, including, among others, fees paid for financial advisors, legal services, and professional accounting services. These transaction costs are not reflected in the historical balance sheets of Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge.
4E.
Reflects the reclassification of Churchill Class A common stock subject to possible redemption to permanent equity.
4F.
Reflects the maximum redemption of 55,738,336 shares of Churchill Class A common stock for an aggregate payment of approximately $563.0 million (based on the estimated per share redemption price of $10.10 per share) from the trust account. The calculation of the redemption payment excludes Skillsoft’s cash balance ($71.5 million, as of January 31, 2021), which is legally available for redemptions. Inclusion of Skillsoft’s cash would increase the cash available for redemptions.
4G.
Reflects the proceeds of $19.6 million, net of estimated issuance costs of $0.4 million, from the issuance and sale of 2,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock at $10.00 per share pursuant to the Lodbrok PIPE Investment, to be issued at the closing of the Global Knowledge Merger.
4H.
Reflects the redemption of 50,787,841 shares of Churchill Class A common stock for an aggregate payment of approximately $513.0 million (based on the estimated per share redemption price of $10.10 per share) from the trust account. This differs from the Maximum Redemptions scenario as
 
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it reflects the impact of satisfying a $50.0 million minimum cash requirement pursuant to the Global Knowledge Merger agreement, as described under the Global Knowledge Maximum Redemptions scenario.
4I.
Reflects the issuance of warrants to purchase Churchill Class A common stock for the repayment of Churchill’s 2020 Note which are due at consummation of the Merger. Churchill has preliminarily determined that the exercise features of certain of these warrants are not indexed to Churchill’s own stock and is therefore not afforded equity treatment. In accordance with ASC 815, Churchill has presented the pro-forma effect of the issuance of the liability classified Working Capital Warrants based upon the preliminary determination of the fair value of $3.1 million as a warrant liability.
4J.
Reflects the issuance of the Prosus Warrants of $34.3 million upon the consummation of the Prosus Subscription Agreement. Upon consummation of the Prosus Subscription Agreement, the carrying value of the Prosus Subscription Agreement liability of $50.5 million was derecognized, resulting in a gain of approximately $1.0 million associated with the warrant component of the Prosus Subscription Agreement. Churchill has preliminarily determined that the exercise features of certain of these warrants are not indexed to Churchill’s own stock and is therefore not afforded equity treatment. In accordance with ASC 815, Churchill has presented the pro-forma effect of the issuance of the liability classified Prosus Warrants based upon the preliminary determination of the fair value of $34.3 million as a warrant liability.
Refer to Note 5 for the pro forma adjustments related to the Merger and Notes 6 and 7 for pro forma adjustments related to the Global Knowledge Merger. 
Adjustments to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations
The pro forma adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 are as follows:
4AA.
Reflects the removal of approximately $2.5 million in interest income earned on Churchill’s marketable securities in the year ended December 31, 2020.
4BB.
Reflects transaction costs of $19.6 million incurred by Churchill and related to both the Merger and Global Knowledge Merger, including, among others, fees paid for financial advisors, legal services and professional accounting services. These transaction costs are not reflected in the historical income statements of Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge, and will be expensed as incurred.
4CC.
Reflects the maximum redemption of 55,738,336 shares of Churchill Class A common stock for an aggregate payment of approximately $563.0 million (based on the estimated per share redemption price of $10.10 per share) from the trust account. The calculation of the redemption payment excludes Skillsoft’s cash balance of $71.5 million, as of January 31, 2021, which is legally available for redemptions. Inclusion of Skillsoft’s cash would increase the cash available for redemptions.
4DD.
Reflects the redemption of 50,787,841 shares of Churchill Class A common stock for an aggregate payment of approximately $513.0 million (based on the estimated per share redemption price of $10.10 per share) from the trust account. This differs from the Maximum Redemptions scenario as it reflects the impact of satisfying a $50.0 million minimum cash requirement pursuant to the Global Knowledge Merger agreement, as described under the Global Knowledge Maximum Redemptions scenario.
4EE.
Reflects the recognition of a $1.0 million gain at exercise of the conversion feature of the Prosus Subscription Agreement for the Prosus Warrants.
Refer to Note 5 for the pro forma adjustments related to the Merger and Notes 6 and 7 for pro forma adjustments related to the Global Knowledge Merger.
 
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5. Skillsoft Purchase Accounting Adjustments
The estimated consideration for the Merger is as follows:
Skillsoft Estimated Consideration (in thousands)
Cash consideration(1)
$ 505,000
Share consideration(2)
284,715
Debt consideration(3)
20,000
Total estimated consideration
$ 809,715
(1)
Represents the cash consideration paid for redemption of Churchill Class C common stock issued in exchange for Skillsoft’s Class A Shares.
(2)
Includes the issuance of 28,500,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock in exchange for Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares in the Merger. An increase of 10% in the price of Churchill Class A common stock would cause a $28.5 million increase in the estimated value of the consideration, and correspondingly, in the estimated value of goodwill. A decrease of 10% in the price of Churchill Class A common stock would cause a $28.5 million decrease in the estimated value of the consideration, and correspondingly, in the estimated value of goodwill.
(3)
Includes $20.0 million in term loans issued as consideration for the redemption of Churchill Class C common stock issued in exchange for Skillsoft Class A Shares.
The adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 for the purchase price consideration are as follows:
5A.
Reflects the payment of approximately $505.0 million in cash as partial consideration for the redemption of Churchill Class C common stock.
5B.
Reflects the issuance of 28,500,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock at a share price of $9.99 with the trading price as of April 29, 2021.
5C.
Reflects the issuance of $20.0 million in term loans as partial consideration for the redemption of Churchill Class C common stock.
Under the acquisition method of accounting, the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Successor Skillsoft will be recorded at the acquisition date fair values. The pro forma adjustments are preliminary and based on estimates of the fair value and useful lives of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and have been prepared to illustrate the estimated effects of the Merger.
For assets acquired and liabilities assumed, other than right of use assets, identified intangible assets, goodwill, and deferred revenue, the carrying values were assumed to equal fair value. The final determination of the fair value of certain assets and liabilities will be completed within the one-year measurement period subsequent to the closing of the transactions as required by ASC 805. Any potential adjustments made could be material in relation to the preliminary values presented.
Accordingly, the pro forma purchase price allocation is subject to further adjustment as additional information becomes available and as additional analyses and final valuations are completed. There can be no assurances that these additional analyses and final valuations will not result in significant changes to the estimates of fair value set forth below.
 
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The following table sets forth a preliminary allocation of the estimated consideration for the Merger to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on Skillsoft’s January 31, 2021 balance sheet, with the excess recorded as goodwill:
Skillsoft Estimated Goodwill (in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 74,443
Accounts receivable (net)
179,784
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
30,326
Property and equipment, net
13,780
Intangible assets, net
882,709
Right of use assets
15,131
Other assets
8,636
Total Assets
$ 1,204,809
Accounts payable
$ (7,425)
Lease liability — short-term
(4,740)
Accrued compensation
(36,375)
Term loans — short-term
(5,200)
Accrued expenses
(23,125)
Deferred revenue
(171,599)
Long term debt
(510,236)
Lease liability — long-term
(13,155)
Credit facility
(17,022)
Deferred tax liabilities
(131,841)
Other long-term liabilities
(6,898)
Total Liabilities
$ (927,616)
Net assets acquired (a)
$ 277,193
Estimated purchase consideration (b)
809,715
Estimated goodwill (b)  – (a)
$ 532,522
In accordance with ASC Topic 350, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, goodwill will not be amortized, but instead will be tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if certain impairment indicators are present. In the event management determines that the value of goodwill has become impaired, an accounting charge for the amount of impairment during the quarter in which the determination is made may be recognized. Goodwill recognized is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
 
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The table below indicates the estimated fair value of each of the identifiable intangible assets associated with the Merger: 
Preliminary
Estimated
Asset
Fair Value
Weighted
Average
Useful Life
(Years)
(in thousands, except for useful life)
Merger
Developed software/ courseware
$ 302,127
3-5 years
Customer contracts/ relationships
322,802
12.4 years
Trademarks and trade names
7,276
9.4 years
Backlog
104,174
4.4 years
Skillsoft trademark
105,676
Indefinite
Publishing rights
40,654
5 years
Total
$ 882,709
Less: net intangible assets reported on Skillsoft’s historical financial
statements as of January 31, 2021
728,633
Pro forma adjustment:
$ 154,076
The preliminary fair values reflected above were determined in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements. The Skillsoft developed software and publishing rights fair values were determined using a cost approach within which the fair value is estimated using the costs to recreate the assets and certain other valuation assumptions, such as an obsolescence factor, developer’s profit factor, opportunity cost factor, and discount rates. The Skillsoft customer contracts and relationships and backlog fair values were determined using an income approach under a multi-period excess earnings approach whereby the cash flows in excess of those needed to operate contributory assets over a period of time are otherwise attributed to the fair value of the asset. The Skillsoft trademarks and trade name fair values were determined using an income approach with an estimate developed from the relief-from-royalty method and the projected cash savings over an estimated period of time that would otherwise be required to license this asset. The pro forma adjustment to recognize additional amortization expense related to the increased basis of the intangible assets has been computed on a straight-line basis. Excess purchase price was allocated to goodwill.
The pro forma adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 for the purchase price allocation and other transaction adjustments are as follows:
5D.
Reflects the approximately $154.1 million increase in total intangible assets due to fair value adjustments recognized as part of the Merger. A 10% change in the valuation of intangible assets would cause a corresponding increase or decrease in the balance of goodwill and would also cause a corresponding increase or decrease in the amortization expense by $11.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
5E.
Reflects the elimination of previously issued and outstanding Skillsoft Class A Shares at the date of the Merger and related equity balances.
5F.
Reflects the approximate $89.0 million decrease in deferred revenue for Skillsoft to adjust its deferred revenue balance to fair value as of the acquisition date.
5G.
Reflects the deferred tax impact associated with the incremental differences in the financial statement and the tax basis due to the preliminary purchase price allocation resulting primarily from the step up in fair value of intangible assets. This estimate of deferred income tax liabilities is preliminary and is subject to change based upon the final determination of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed by jurisdiction.
5H.
Reflects the adjustment to eliminate Skillsoft’s historical goodwill and to reflect the estimated goodwill based on the preliminary allocation of the purchase price.
 
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5I.
Reflects the settlement and accrual of additional expected transaction costs of $11.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively, related to the Merger, including, among others, fees paid for financial advisors, legal services, and professional accounting services. These transaction costs are not reflected in the historical consolidated balance sheet of Skillsoft.
The pro forma adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 as a result of the purchase price allocation and other transaction adjustments are as follows:
5AA.
Reflects the approximately $17.7 million increases in the intangible assets amortization expense resulting from the fair value adjustments recognized as part of the Merger for the year ended December 31, 2020.
5BB.
Reflects the incremental interest expense of approximately $1.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2020, resulting from the $20.0 million in new term loans issued as part of the purchase consideration in the Merger.
5CC.
Reflects adjustments for the tax impact on the pro forma adjustments at the US federal statutory tax rate of 21% in the year ended December 31, 2020 resulting from the Merger. The effective tax rate of the combined company could be significantly different than what is presented within the unaudited pro forma financial information based on several factors including geographic mix of our taxable income or legal entity structure, among others.
5DD.
Reflects transaction costs of $12.6 million related to the Merger, including, among others, fees paid for financial advisors, legal services, compensation costs, and professional accounting services. These transaction costs are not reflected in the historical income statements of Skillsoft and will be expensed as incurred.
6.   Accounting Policies, Reclassifications, and Eliminations — Global Knowledge
In the preparation of these unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements, certain reclassifications were made to align the combined company and Global Knowledge’s financial statement presentations. Management will perform a comprehensive review of Global Knowledge’s accounting policies upon the completion of the Global Knowledge Merger. As a result of the review, management may identify differences between the accounting policies of the three entities which, when conformed, could have a material impact on the financial statements of the post-combination company. Based on its initial analysis, Churchill has identified any differences between the combined company and Global Knowledge that would have an impact on the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information and recorded the necessary pro forma adjustment in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December 31 2020 as described below. Global Knowledge did not adopt ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers and was not required to adopt the standard in its January 1, 2021 consolidated interim financial statements. To conform Global Knowledge, an implementation assessment was performed and it was determined that adoption of this standard does not have a material impact on Global Knowledge’s timing and measurement of revenue recognition.
6A.
As permitted, Churchill early adopted ASC 842, Leases (“ASC 842”), as of January 1, 2020 and there was no impact on its financial statements as the Company had no leases. In addition, Skillsoft adopted ASC 842 as of February 1, 2020 and it is reflected in its historical Successor and Predecessor consolidated financial statements for all periods subsequent to date of adoption. Global Knowledge did not adopt ASC 842 and was not required to adopt the standard in its January 1, 2021 consolidated interim financial statements. To conform Global Knowledge, a pro forma adjustment was made to reflect the adoption impact of ASC 842 on its financial statements as if it had adopted this standard at the beginning of its fiscal year ended October 2, 2020. 
 
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Reclassifications
6B.
The pro forma adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of the year ended December 31, 2020 to conform financial statement presentation of Global Knowledge to Churchill and Skillsoft are as follows.
Financial statement line item reclassifications
As of
December 31, 2020
(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
$ (250)
Restricted cash
250
Accrued expenses
(9,870)
Accrued compensation
9,870
Accrued expenses
(1,297)
Income taxes payable
1,297
Other long-term assets
(23)
Other long-term liabilities
(13)
Right of use assets
10
6AA.
The pro forma adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 to conform financial statement presentation of Global Knowledge to Churchill and Skillsoft are as follows.
Financial statement line item reclassifications
For the year ended
December 31, 2020
(in thousands)
Interest income
$ 2,966
Interest expense
(2,966)
Intercompany Eliminations
There were certain intercompany transactions between Skillsoft and Global Knowledge as Global Knowledge was a Skillsoft customer during the periods presented. Accordingly, there are pro forma adjustments to eliminate transactions between the two companies.
The adjustment included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 is as follows:
6C.
Elimination of accounts receivable, net and accounts payable for Skillsoft and Global Knowledge, respectively.
The pro forma adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 to eliminate this activity is as follows:
6BB.
Elimination of the pro forma impact of intercompany revenues and cost of revenues between Skillsoft and Global Knowledge, respectively.
The pro forma combined consolidated provision for income taxes does not necessarily reflect the amounts that would have resulted had the companies filed consolidated income tax returns during the periods presented.
 
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7. Global Knowledge Purchase Accounting Adjustments
The estimated consideration for the Global Knowledge Merger is as follows:
Global Knowledge Estimated Consideration (in thousands)
Cash consideration(1)
$ 170,050
Warrant consideration(2)
9,900
Global Knowledge Term Loans(3)
70,000
Total estimated consideration
$ 249,950
(1)
Includes $143.5 million of cash minus the First Lien Lenders’ pro rata portion of the Retention Plan Cash Consideration Reduction paid to Global Knowledge’s existing 1st Lien Term Loan lender, $12.5 million of cash minus the Second Lien Lenders’ pro rata portion of the Retention Plan Cash Consideration Reduction paid to Global Knowledge’s existing 2nd Lien Term Loan lender, and $15.5 million of cash paid to existing lenders under Global Knowledge’s Blue Torch debt facility.
(2)
Includes the approximate fair value at this time of the right to receive non-redeemable warrants that was provided as consideration for the Global Knowledge Merger. 100% of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Global Knowledge will be converted, in the aggregate, into the right to receive warrants, each of which shall entitle the holders thereof to purchase one share of Churchill Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share. The approximate fair value of the warrant consideration was estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model, using a risk-free interest rate of 0.32%, an expected dividend yield of zero, an expected equity volatility of 30.0% and an effective life of 4.78 years.
(3)
Includes the new 1st Lien and 2nd Lien Term Loans issued as part of the Global Knowledge Merger.
The adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 for the purchase price consideration are as follows:
7A.
Reflects the payment of approximately $170.1 million in cash as part of the purchase price consideration for the Global Knowledge Merger.
7B.
Reflects the issuance of $70.0 million in term loans issued as part of the Global Knowledge Merger.
7C.
Reflects the repayment of $259.6 million in existing Global Knowledge outstanding debt, net of issuance costs, and approximately $23.1 million in related accrued interest as of the acquisition date.
7D.
Reflects the issuance of warrants, to purchase Churchill Class A common stock, issued to Global Knowledge with an estimated value of approximately $9.9 million as part of the Global Knowledge Merger.
Under the acquisition method of accounting, the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Global Knowledge are recorded at the acquisition date fair values. The pro forma adjustments are preliminary and based on estimates of the fair value and useful lives of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and have been prepared to illustrate the estimated effects of the Global Knowledge Merger.
For assets acquired and liabilities assumed, other than right of use assets, identified intangible assets, goodwill, deferred tax liabilities, and deferred revenue, the carrying values were assumed to equal fair value. The final determination of the fair value of certain assets and liabilities will be completed within the one-year measurement period subsequent to the closing of the transactions as required by ASC 805. The size and breadth of Global Knowledge may necessitate the use of this measurement period to adequately analyze and assess a number of the factors used in establishing the asset and liability fair values as of the acquisition date, including the significant contractual and operational factors underlying the developed technology
 
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and customer relationship intangible assets and the assumptions underpinning the related tax impacts of any changes made. Any potential adjustments made could be material in relation to the preliminary values presented.
Accordingly, the pro forma purchase price allocation is subject to further adjustment as additional information becomes available and as additional analyses and final valuations are completed. There can be no assurances that these additional analyses and final valuations will not result in significant changes to the estimates of fair value set forth below.
The following table sets forth a preliminary allocation of the estimated consideration for the Global Knowledge Merger to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on Global Knowledge’s January 1, 2021 balance sheet, with the excess recorded as goodwill: 
Global Knowledge Estimated Goodwill
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 17,808
Accounts receivable (net)
29,388
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
14,331
Property and equipment, net
6,551
Intangible assets, net
175,970
Deferred tax assets
1,044
Other assets
4,659
Favorable leasehold interests
759
Total assets acquired
$ 250,510
Accounts payable
(37,557)
Accrued expenses
(29,283)
Deferred revenues
(18,966)
Unfavorable leasehold interests
(321)
Deferred tax liabilities
(12,925)
Other long-term liabilities
(3,418)
Total liabilities acquired
$ (102,470)
Net assets acquired (a)
$ 148,040
Estimated purchase consideration (b)
249,950
Estimated goodwill (b)  – (a)
$ 101,910
In accordance with ASC Topic 350, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, goodwill will not be amortized, but instead will be tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if certain impairment indicators are present. In the event management determines that the value of goodwill has become impaired, an accounting charge for the amount of impairment during the quarter in which the determination is made may be recognized. Goodwill recognized is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
 
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The table below indicates the estimated fair value of each of the identifiable intangible assets associated with the Global Knowledge Merger:
Preliminary
Estimated
Asset
Fair Value
Weighted
Average
Useful Life
(Years)
(in thousands, except for useful life)
Global Knowledge Merger
Trade name
$ 21,330 Indefinite
Customer and vendor relationships
154,640
6.5 years
Total
$ 175,970
Less: net intangible assets reported on Global Knowledge’s historical financial statements as of January 1, 2021
44,576
Pro forma adjustment:
$ 131,394
The preliminary fair values reflected above were determined in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. The Global Knowledge customer relationship fair value was determined using an income approach under a multi-period excess earnings approach whereby the cash flows in excess of those needed to operate contributory assets over a period of time are otherwise attributed to the fair value of the asset. Global Knowledge vendor relationships fair value was determined using an income approach in a with-or-without model whereby the fair value is estimated based on a comparison of the cash flows generated by the business with the use of the designated asset to those generated if the asset was not present. The Global Knowledge trade name fair value was determined using an income approach with an estimate developed from the relief-from-royalty method and the projected cash savings over an estimated period of time that would otherwise be required to license this asset. The pro forma adjustment to recognize additional amortization expense related to the increased basis of the intangible assets has been computed with the assumption that these will be amortized over the estimated useful lives on a double-declining basis. Excess purchase price was allocated to goodwill.
The pro forma adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 for the purchase price allocation and other transaction adjustments are as follows:
7E.
Reflects the approximate $131.4 million increase in intangible assets due to fair value of adjustments recognized as part of the Global Knowledge Merger. A 10% change in the valuation of intangible assets would cause a corresponding increase or decrease in the balance of goodwill and would also cause a corresponding increase or decrease in the amortization expense by $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
7F.
Reflects the elimination of previously issued and outstanding Global Knowledge common stock at the date of the Global Knowledge Merger and related equity balances.
7G.
Reflects the fair value adjustments of approximately $0.8 million for the favorable leasehold interests and $0.3 million for the unfavorable leasehold interests as part of the Global Knowledge Merger.
7H.
Reflects the approximate $6.9 million decrease in deferred revenue for Global Knowledge to adjust its deferred revenue balance to fair value as of the acquisition date.
7I.
Reflects the adjustment to eliminate Global Knowledge’s historical goodwill and to reflect the estimated goodwill based on the preliminary allocation of the purchase price.
7J.
Reflects the settlement and accrual of additional expected transaction costs of $7.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, related to the Global Knowledge Merger, including, among others, fees paid for financial advisors, legal services, and professional accounting services. These transaction costs are not reflected in the historical consolidated balance sheet of Global Knowledge.
7K.
Reflects the deferred tax impact associated with the incremental differences in the financial
 
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statement and the tax basis due to the preliminary purchase price allocation resulting primarily from the step up in fair value of intangible assets. This estimate of deferred income tax liabilities is preliminary and is subject to change based upon the final determination of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed by jurisdiction.
The pro forma adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 as a result of the purchase price allocation and other transaction adjustments are as follows:
7AA.
Reflects the amortization of the deferred revenue fair value adjustment for the Global Knowledge Merger with a decrease in revenue of approximately $6.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
7BB.
Reflects the amortization and interest expense resulting from the fair value adjustments to the favorable and unfavorable leasehold interest acquired as part of the Global Knowledge Merger.
7CC.
Reflects the approximate $14.7 million increase in the intangible assets amortization expense resulting from the fair value adjustments recognized as part of the Global Knowledge Merger in the year ended December 31, 2020.
7DD.
Reflects the decreases in interest expense of approximately $28.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2020, resulting from the pay-off of long-term debt and the reduction of the applicable interest rate as part of the Global Knowledge Merger.
7EE.
Reflects the income tax effects of the purchase price allocation in the year ended December 31, 2020 resulting from the Global Knowledge Merger.
7FF.
Reflects transaction costs of $7.5 million related to the Global Knowledge Merger, including, among others, fees paid for financial advisors, legal services, and professional accounting services. These transaction costs are not reflected in the historical income statements of Global Knowledge and will be expensed as incurred.
8. Earnings per Share
Represents the net earnings per share calculated using the historical weighted average shares outstanding, and the issuance of additional shares in connection with the Merger, assuming the shares were outstanding since January 1, 2020. As the Merger is being reflected as if it had occurred at the beginning of the periods presented, the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding for basic and diluted net earnings per share assumes that the shares issuable relating to the Merger have been outstanding for the entire periods presented. No Churchill Class A common stock will be issued as part of the purchase consideration in the Global Knowledge Merger. The warrants outstanding to purchase Churchill Class A common stock, including the warrants that will be issued as part of the purchase consideration in the Global Knowledge Merger, are out-of-the-money, and, therefore, the warrants are antidilutive, and as such, no adjustment to diluted weighted average shares was necessary.
Under No Redemptions and Maximum Redemptions
For the year ended December 31, 2020
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
Assuming No
Redemptions
Assuming
Maximum
Redemptions
Pro forma net income
$ 2,628,249 $ 2,628,249
Weighted average shares calculation, basic and diluted
Public shares and Founder Shares
86,250,000 86,250,000
Shares to be issued in the Merger
28,500,000 28,500,000
PIPE Investors
51,000,000 51,000,000
Redemptions
(55,738,336)
Weighted average Class A shares outstanding
165,750,000 110,011,664
Earnings per share (basic and diluted) attributable to Class A common stockholders
$ 15.86 $ 23.89
 
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Under Global Knowledge Maximum Redemptions
For the year ended December 31, 2020
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
Assuming
No Redemptions
Assuming
Maximum Global
Knowledge
Redemptions
Pro forma net income
$ 2,520,072 $ 2,520,072
Weighted average shares calculation, basic and diluted
Public shares and Founder Shares
86,250,000 86,250,000
Shares to be issued in the Merger
28,500,000 28,500,000
PIPE Investors
51,000,000 51,000,000
Lodbrok PIPE Investments
2,000,000 2,000,000
Redemptions
(50,787,841)
Weighted average Class A shares outstanding
167,750,000 116,962,159
Earnings per share (basic and diluted) attributable to Class A common stockholders
$ 15.02 $ 21.55
 
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CHURCHILL SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
General
Churchill is furnishing this joint proxy statement/prospectus to Churchill’s stockholders as part of the solicitation of proxies by the Churchill Board for use at the Special Meeting of Churchill stockholders to be held on            , 2021, and at any adjournment or postponement thereof. This joint proxy statement/prospectus provides Churchill’s stockholders with information they need to know to be able to vote or instruct their vote to be cast at the Churchill Special Meeting.
Date, Time and Place of Churchill Special Meeting
The Churchill Special Meeting of stockholders will be held on            , 2021, at 9:00 a.m., eastern time, in virtual format.
Voting Power; Record Date
You will be entitled to vote or direct votes to be cast at the Churchill Special Meeting if you owned shares of Churchill common stock at the close of business on April 28, 2021, which is the record date for the Churchill Special Meeting. You are entitled to one vote for each share of Churchill common stock that you owned as of the close of business on the record date. If your shares are held in “street name” or are in a margin or similar account, you should contact your broker, bank or other nominee to ensure that votes related to the shares you beneficially own are properly counted. On the record date, there were 86,250,000 shares of Churchill common stock outstanding, of which 69,000,000 are Public Shares and 17,250,000 are Founder Shares.
Purpose of the Churchill Special Meeting
At the Churchill Special Meeting, Churchill is asking holders of Churchill common stock to vote on the following proposals:

The Merger Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to adopt the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and approve the Merger (Proposal No. 1);

The Merger Issuance Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve, for purposes of complying with applicable listing rules of the NYSE, the issuance of shares of Churchill Class A common stock and Churchill Class C common stock pursuant to the Skillsoft Merger Agreement (Proposal No. 2);

The Charter Amendment Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to adopt the Charter Amendment in the form attached hereto as Annex B (Proposal No. 3);

The Charter Approval Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to adopt the Proposed Charter in the form attached hereto as Annex C (Proposal No. 4);

The Governance Proposal — To consider and act upon, on a non-binding advisory basis, a separate proposal with respect to certain governance provisions in the Proposed Charter in order to give holders of Churchill common stock the opportunity to present their separate views on important corporate governance procedures (Proposal No. 5);

The Director Election Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to elect seven directors to serve on the Board until the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders, in the case of Class I directors, the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, in the case of Class II directors, and the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders, in the case of Class III directors, and, in each case, until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified (Proposal No. 6);

The Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve, for purposes of complying with the applicable listing rules of the NYSE, the issuance of shares of Churchill Class A common stock pursuant to the Prosus Subscription Agreement (including the shares issuable (i) upon Prosus’s exercise of the Prosus Top-Up Right and (ii) upon Prosus’s exercise of the Prosus Warrants) (Proposal No. 7);
 
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The SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve, for purposes of complying with the applicable listing rules of the NYSE, the issuance of shares of Churchill Class A common stock pursuant to the SuRo Subscription Agreement (Proposal No. 8);

The Incentive Plan Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve and adopt the Incentive Plan (Proposal No. 9); and

The Adjournment Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve the adjournment of the Churchill Special Meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary, to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies in the event that there are insufficient votes for, or otherwise in connection with, the approval of the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal or the Incentive Plan Proposal or we determine that one or more of the closing conditions under the Skillsoft Merger Agreement is not satisfied or waived (Proposal No. 10).
Vote of Churchill’s Sponsor, Directors and Officers
Churchill has entered an agreement with the Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers, pursuant to which each agreed to vote any shares of Churchill common stock owned by them in favor of an initial business combination.
The Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have waived any redemption rights, including with respect to any Public Shares purchased in the Churchill IPO or in the aftermarket, in connection with an initial business combination. The Founder Shares held by the Sponsor have no redemption rights upon our liquidation and will be worthless if no business combination is effected by us within the Completion Window. However, the Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers are entitled to redemption rights upon our liquidation with respect to any Public Shares they may own.
Quorum and Required Vote for Proposals for the Churchill Special Meeting
A quorum of Churchill stockholders is necessary to hold a valid meeting. A quorum will be present at the Churchill Special Meeting if a majority of the issued and outstanding common stock entitled to vote as of the record date at the Churchill Special Meeting is represented in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or by proxy. Abstentions and broker non-votes will be counted as present for the purpose of determining a quorum. The Sponsor, who currently owns 20% of the issued and outstanding shares of Churchill common stock, will count towards this quorum. As of the record date for the Churchill Special Meeting, 43,125,001 shares of Churchill common stock would be required to achieve a quorum.
The approval of each of the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Governance Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal, if presented, will require the affirmative vote of the majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting. Accordingly, a stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, as well as an abstention from voting and a broker non-vote with regard to each of the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Governance Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal or the Adjournment Proposal, if presented, will have no effect on the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Governance Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal or the Adjournment Proposal.
The approval of the Merger Proposal will require the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock on the record date, voting together as a single class. Accordingly, a stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, as well as an abstention from voting and a broker non-vote with regard to the Merger Proposal, will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” such Merger Proposal.
The approval of the Charter Amendment Proposal and the Charter Approval Proposal will require the affirmative vote of (i) the holders of a majority of the Founder Shares then outstanding, voting separately
 
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as a single class, and (ii) the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock on the record date, voting together as a single class. Accordingly, a stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, as well as an abstention from voting and a broker non-vote with regard to the Charter Amendment Proposal or the Charter Approval Proposal, will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” such Charter Amendment Proposal or Charter Approval Proposal.
Directors are elected by a plurality of all of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting. This means that the seven director nominees who receive the most affirmative votes will be elected. Stockholders may not cumulate their votes with respect to the election of directors. Accordingly, a stockholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, as well as an abstention from voting and a broker non-vote with regard to election of directors, will have no effect on the election of directors.
The Merger is conditioned on the approval of the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal and the Incentive Plan Proposal at the Churchill Special Meeting, subject to the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. The Merger is not conditioned on the Governance Proposal, the Director Election Proposal or the Adjournment Proposal. If the Merger Proposal is not approved, the other proposals (except the Adjournment Proposal) will not be presented to the stockholders for a vote. If the Adjournment Proposal is approved, the Churchill Special Meeting will be adjourned to a later date or dates to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies.
It is important for you to note that in the event that the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal or the Incentive Plan Proposal do not receive the requisite vote for approval, Churchill will not consummate the Merger. If Churchill does not consummate the Merger and fails to complete an initial business combination within the Completion Window, it will be required to dissolve and liquidate the trust account by returning the then remaining funds in such account to its public stockholders.
Recommendation of Churchill Board of Directors
The Churchill Board unanimously determined that the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger, were advisable, fair to, and in the best interests of, Churchill and its stockholders. Accordingly, the Churchill Board unanimously recommends that its stockholders vote “FOR” each of the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Governance Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal. In addition, the Churchill Board unanimously recommends that its stockholders vote “FOR” each of the seven director nominees in the Director Election Proposal.
In considering the recommendation of the Churchill Board to vote in favor of approval of the proposals, stockholders should keep in mind that the Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have interests in such proposals that are different from or in addition to (and which may conflict with) those of Churchill stockholders. Stockholders should take these interests into account in deciding whether to approve the proposals presented at the Churchill Special Meeting, including the Merger Proposal. These interests include, among other things:

If the Merger with Skillsoft or another business combination is not consummated within the Completion Window, Churchill will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, redeeming 100% of the outstanding Public Shares for cash and, subject to the approval of its remaining stockholders and the Churchill Board, dissolving and liquidating. In such event, the 17,250,000 Founder Shares held by the Sponsor which were acquired for an aggregate purchase price of  $25,000 prior to the Churchill IPO, would be worthless because the Sponsor is not entitled to participate in any redemption or distribution with respect to such shares. Such shares had an aggregate market value of  approximately $172.8 million based upon the closing price of $10.02 per share on
 
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the NYSE on April 28, 2021, the record date. Michael Klein is the sole stockholder of M. Klein Associates, Inc., which is the managing member of the Sponsor, and Churchill’s directors hold interests in the Sponsor.

The Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 15,800,000 private placement warrants from Churchill for an aggregate purchase price of $15,800,000 (or $1.00 per warrant). These purchases took place on a private placement basis simultaneously with the consummation of the Churchill IPO. A portion of the proceeds Churchill received from these purchases were placed in the trust account. Such warrants had an aggregate market value of approximately $23.2 million based upon the closing price of $1.47 per warrant on the NYSE on April 28, 2021, the record date. The private placement warrants will become worthless if Churchill does not consummate a business combination within the Completion Window.

On November 2, 2020, Churchill issued a note in the principal amount of up to $1,500,000 to the Sponsor (the “2020 Note”) in order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with a business combination. The 2020 Note bears no interest and is repayable in full upon consummation of the initial business combination. The Sponsor has the option to convert any unpaid balance of the 2020 Note into Working Capital Warrants equal to the principal amount of the 2020 Note so converted divided by $1.00. The terms of any such Working Capital Warrants will be identical to the terms of the private placement warrants. If Churchill completes an initial business combination, it would repay such loaned amounts to the extent they are not converted into Working Capital Warrants. In the event that an initial business combination does not close, Churchill may use a portion of the working capital held outside the trust account to repay such loaned amounts but no proceeds from the trust account would be used for such repayment. As of December 31, 2020, Churchill had borrowed an aggregate amount of $1.5 million under the 2020 Note.

Churchill has engaged the Klein Group, an affiliate of M. Klein and Company, LLC, the Sponsor and Michael Klein, to act as Churchill’s financial advisor in connection with the Merger, the Global Knowledge Merger and the PIPE Investments. Pursuant to this engagement, no fees will be payable upon the closing of the Merger and Churchill will pay the Klein Group an advisory fee of  $4.0 million, which shall be earned upon the closing of the Global Knowledge Merger, and 2% of the principal amount raised in connection with the PIPE Investments (excluding any principal amount raised from an affiliate of Churchill). Therefore, the Klein Group and Michael Klein have a financial interest in the completion of the Merger in addition to the financial interest of the Sponsor (with whom they are affiliated) described above. The engagement of the Klein Group and the payment of the advisory fee has been approved by Churchill’s audit committee and the Churchill Board in accordance with Churchill’s related persons transaction policy. Churchill will also provide a customary indemnity to the Klein Group in connection with this engagement.

Michael Klein and Karen G. Mills will become directors of the Post-Combination Company after the closing of the Merger. As such, in the future each will receive any cash fees, stock options or stock awards that the Board determines to pay to its non-executive directors.

If Churchill is unable to complete a business combination within the Completion Window, its executive officers will be personally liable under certain circumstances described herein to ensure that the proceeds in the trust account are not reduced by the claims of target businesses or claims of vendors or other entities that are owed money by Churchill for services rendered or contracted for or products sold to Churchill. If Churchill consummates a business combination, on the other hand, Churchill will be liable for all such claims.

Churchill’s directors and officers, and their affiliates are entitled to reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with certain activities on Churchill’s behalf, such as identifying and investigating possible business targets and business combinations. However, if Churchill fails to consummate a business combination within the Completion Window, they will not have any claim against the trust account for reimbursement. Accordingly, Churchill may not be able to reimburse these expenses if the Merger or another business combination is not consummated within the Completion Window. As of April 28, 2021, the record date, the Sponsor and their affiliates had incurred no unpaid reimbursable expenses.
 
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The continued indemnification of current directors and officers and the continuation of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance.
Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes
Abstentions are considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum and will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Merger Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal and the Charter Approval Proposal. Broker non-votes are considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum and will have the effect of a vote “AGAINST” the Merger Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal and the Charter Approval Proposal. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Governance Proposal, the Director Election Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal.
In general, if your shares are held in “street” name and you do not instruct your broker, bank or other nominee on a timely basis on how to vote your shares, your broker, bank or other nominee, in its sole discretion, may either leave your shares unvoted or vote your shares on routine matters, but not on any non-routine matters. None of the proposals at the Churchill Special Meeting are expected to be routine matters. As such, without your voting instructions, your brokerage firm cannot vote your shares on any proposal to be voted on at the Churchill Special Meeting.
Voting Your Shares — Stockholders of Record
Churchill stockholders may vote electronically at the Churchill Special Meeting by visiting             or by proxy. Churchill recommends that you submit your proxy even if you plan to attend the Churchill Special Meeting. If you vote by proxy, you may change your vote by submitting a later dated proxy before the deadline or by voting electronically at the Churchill Special Meeting.
If your shares are owned directly in your name with our transfer agent, Continental, you are considered, with respect to those shares, the “stockholder of record.” If your shares are held in a stock brokerage account or by a bank or other nominee or intermediary, you are considered the beneficial owner of shares held in “street name” and are considered a “non-record (beneficial) stockholder.”
If you are a Churchill stockholder of record you may use the enclosed proxy card to tell the persons named as proxies how to vote your shares. If you properly complete, sign and date your proxy card, your shares will be voted in accordance with your instructions. The named proxies will vote all shares at the Churchill Special Meeting for which proxies have been properly submitted and not revoked. If you sign and return your proxy card but do not mark your card to tell the proxies how to vote, your shares will be voted “FOR” each of the proposals presented at the Churchill Special Meeting.
Your shares will be counted for purposes of determining a quorum if you vote:

via the Internet;

by telephone;

by submitting a properly executed proxy card or voting instruction form by mail; or

electronically at the Churchill Special Meeting.
Abstentions will be counted for determining whether a quorum is present for the Churchill Special Meeting.
Voting instructions are printed on the proxy card or voting information form you received. Either method of submitting a proxy will enable your shares to be represented and voted at the Churchill Special Meeting.
Voting Your Shares — Beneficial Owners
If your shares are held in an account at a brokerage firm, bank or other nominee, then you are the beneficial owner of shares held in “street name” and this joint proxy statement/prospectus is being sent to you by that broker, bank or other nominee. The broker, bank or other nominee holding your account is
 
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considered to be the stockholder of record for purposes of voting at the Churchill Special Meeting. As a beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your broker, bank or other nominee regarding how to vote the shares in your account by following the instructions that the broker, bank or other nominee provides you along with this joint proxy statement/prospectus. Your broker, bank or other nominee may have an earlier deadline by which you must provide instructions to it as to how to vote your shares. As a beneficial owner, if you wish to vote at the Churchill Special Meeting, you will need to bring to the Churchill Special Meeting a legal proxy from your broker, bank or other nominee authorizing you to vote those shares. That is the only way we can be sure that the broker, bank or nominee has not already voted your shares of Churchill common stock.
Revoking Your Proxy
If you are a stockholder and you give a proxy, you may revoke it at any time before it is exercised by doing any one of the following:

you may send another proxy card with a later date;

you may notify Churchill’s Secretary in writing before the Churchill Special Meeting that you have revoked your proxy; or

you may attend the Churchill Special Meeting and vote electronically by visiting             and entering the control number found on your proxy card, instruction form or notice you previously received. Attendance at the Churchill Special Meeting will not, in and of itself, revoke a proxy.
If your shares are held in “street name” or are in a margin or similar account, you should contact your broker for information on how to change or revoke your voting instructions.
No Additional Matters
The Churchill Special Meeting has been called only to consider the approval of the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Governance Proposal, the Director Election Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, the Incentive Plan Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal. Under Churchill’s bylaws, other than procedural matters incident to the conduct of the Churchill Special Meeting, no other matters may be considered at the Churchill Special Meeting if they are not included in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, which serves as the notice of the Churchill Special Meeting.
Who Can Answer Your Questions About Voting Your Shares
If you are a stockholder and have any questions about how to vote or direct a vote in respect of your shares of Churchill common stock, you may call Mackenzie Partners, Inc., Churchill’s proxy solicitor, at (800) 322-2885 or Churchill at (212) 380-7500.
Redemption Rights
Holders of Public Shares may seek to redeem their shares for cash, regardless of whether they vote for or against the Merger Proposal. Any stockholder may demand that Churchill redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the trust account (which, for illustrative purposes, was $10.10 per share as of April 28, 2021, the record date), calculated as of two business days prior to the anticipated consummation of the Merger. If a holder properly seeks redemption as described in this section and the Merger with Skillsoft is consummated, Churchill will redeem these shares for a pro rata portion of funds deposited in the trust account and the holder will no longer own these shares following the Merger.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a holder of Public Shares, together with any affiliate of his or any other person with whom he is acting in concert or as a “group” ​(as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from seeking redemption rights with respect to more than 15% of the Public Shares without the consent of Churchill. Accordingly, all Public Shares in excess of 15% held by a public stockholder, together with any affiliate of such holder or any other person with whom such holder is acting in concert or as a “group,” will not be redeemed for cash without the consent of Churchill.
 
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The Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers will not have redemption rights with respect to any shares of Churchill common stock owned by them, directly or indirectly in connection with the Merger.
Churchill stockholders may seek to redeem their shares for cash, regardless of whether they vote for or against the Merger Proposal. Holders may demand redemption by delivering their stock, either physically or electronically using Depository Trust Company’s DWAC System, to Churchill’s transfer agent no later than the second business day preceding the vote on the Merger Proposal. If you hold the shares in street name, you will have to coordinate with your broker to have your shares certificated or delivered electronically. Certificates that have not been tendered (either physically or electronically) in accordance with these procedures will not be redeemed for cash. There is a nominal cost associated with this tendering process and the act of certificating the shares or delivering them through the DWAC system. The transfer agent will typically charge the tendering broker $45 and it would be up to the broker whether or not to pass this cost on to the redeeming stockholder. In the event the proposed Merger is not consummated this may result in an additional cost to stockholders for the return of their shares.
Any request to redeem such shares, once made, may be withdrawn at any time up to the vote on the Merger Proposal. Furthermore, if a holder of a Public Share delivered its certificate in connection with an election of its redemption and subsequently decides prior to the applicable date not to elect to exercise such rights, it may simply request that the transfer agent return the certificate (physically or electronically).
If a holder of Public Shares exercises its redemption rights, then it will be exchanging its shares of Churchill common stock for cash and will no longer own those shares. If the Merger is not approved or completed for any reason, then Churchill’s public stockholders who elected to exercise their redemption rights will not be entitled to redeem their shares for a pro rata portion of the trust account, as applicable. In such case, Churchill will promptly return any shares delivered by public holders.
The closing price of Churchill Class A common stock on April 28, 2021, the record date, was $10.02. The cash held in the trust account on such date was approximately $697.0 million ($10.10 per Public Share). Prior to exercising redemption rights, stockholders should verify the market price of Churchill common stock as they may receive higher proceeds from the sale of their common stock in the public market than from exercising their redemption rights if the market price per share is higher than the redemption price. Churchill cannot assure its stockholders that they will be able to sell their shares of Churchill common stock in the open market, even if the market price per share is higher than the redemption price stated above, as there may not be sufficient liquidity in its securities when its stockholders wish to sell their shares.
Appraisal Rights
Neither stockholders, unitholders nor warrant holders of Churchill have appraisal rights in connection the Merger under the DGCL.
Proxy Solicitation Costs
Churchill is soliciting proxies on behalf of the Churchill Board. This solicitation is being made by mail but also may be made by telephone or in person. Churchill and its directors, officers and employees may also solicit proxies in person, by telephone or by other electronic means. Churchill will bear the cost of the solicitation.
Churchill has hired Mackenzie Partners, Inc. to assist in the proxy solicitation process. Churchill will pay that firm a fee of  $15,000 plus disbursements. Such payment will be made from non-trust account funds.
Churchill will ask banks, brokers and other institutions, nominees and fiduciaries to forward the proxy materials to their principals and to obtain their authority to execute proxies and voting instructions. Churchill will reimburse them for their reasonable expenses.
The Sponsor
As of April 28, 2021, the record date, the Sponsor owned of record and was entitled to vote an aggregate of 17,250,000 Founder Shares that were issued prior to the Churchill IPO. Such shares currently
 
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constitute 20% of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock. The Sponsor has agreed to vote the Founder Shares, as well as any shares of Churchill common stock acquired in the aftermarket, in favor of the Merger Proposal and each of the other proposals being presented at the Churchill Special Meeting. The Founder Shares have no right to participate in any redemption distribution and will be worthless if no business combination is effected by Churchill.
The Founder Shares will not be transferable, assignable or salable by the Sponsor until the earlier of: (1) one year after the completion of Churchill’s initial business combination; and (2) the date on which Churchill consummates a liquidation, merger, stock exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction after Churchill’s initial business combination that results in all of Churchill’s public stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of Churchill common stock for cash, securities or other property. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the last reported sale price of Churchill Class A common stock equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after Churchill’s initial business combination, the Founder Shares will be released from the lock-up.
At any time prior to the Churchill Special Meeting, during a period when they are not then aware of any material nonpublic information regarding Churchill or its securities and so long as the purchases are not prohibited by Regulation M under the Exchange Act, the Sponsor, Skillsoft and/or their respective affiliates may purchase shares from institutional and other investors who vote, or indicate an intention to vote, against the Merger Proposal, or execute agreements to purchase shares from such investors in the future, or they may enter into transactions with such investors and others to provide them with incentives to acquire shares of Churchill common stock or vote their shares in favor of the Merger Proposal. The purpose of such share purchases and other transactions would be to increase the likelihood of satisfaction of the requirements to consummate the Merger where it appears that such requirements would otherwise not be met. While the exact nature of any such incentives has not been determined as of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, they might include, without limitation, arrangements to protect such investors or holders against potential loss in value of their shares, including the granting of put options and, with Skillsoft’s consent, the transfer to such investors or holders of shares or warrants owned by the Sponsor for nominal value.
If such transactions are effected, the consequence could be to cause the Merger to be approved in circumstances where such approval could not otherwise be obtained. Purchases of shares by the persons described above would allow them to exert more influence over the approval of the Merger Proposal and other proposals and would likely increase the chances that such proposals would be approved.
No agreements dealing with the above arrangements or purchases have been entered into as of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus by the Sponsor, Skillsoft or any of their respective affiliates. Churchill will file a Current Report on Form 8-K to disclose arrangements entered into or significant purchases made by any of the aforementioned persons that would affect the vote on the Merger Proposal or the satisfaction of any closing conditions. Any such report will include descriptions of any arrangements entered into or significant purchases by any of the aforementioned persons.
 
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PROPOSAL NO. 1 — THE MERGER PROPOSAL
Holders of Churchill common stock are being asked to approve the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger. Churchill stockholders should read carefully this joint proxy statement/prospectus in its entirety for more detailed information concerning the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, which is attached as Annex A to this joint proxy statement/prospectus for additional information regarding the Merger and a summary of certain terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. You are urged to read carefully the Skillsoft Merger Agreement in its entirety before voting on this proposal.
Vote Required for Approval
This Merger Proposal (and consequently, the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Merger) will be adopted and approved only if the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock, voting together as a single class, vote “FOR” the Merger Proposal.
Failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, abstentions and broker non-votes will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Merger Proposal.
The Merger is conditioned upon the approval of the Merger Proposal, subject to the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. If the Merger Proposal is not approved, the other proposals (except the Adjournment Proposal, as described below) will not be presented to the stockholders for a vote.
The Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have agreed to vote the Founder Shares and any Public Shares owned by them in favor of the Merger Proposal. See “Other Agreements — Sponsor Agreement” for more information.
Recommendation of the Board of Directors
THE CHURCHILL BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT THE CHURCHILL STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE MERGER PROPOSAL.
 
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PROPOSAL NO. 2 — THE MERGER ISSUANCE PROPOSAL
Overview
In connection with the Merger, we intend to effect the issuance of shares of Churchill Class A common stock and Churchill Class C common stock to the holders of Skillsoft’s ordinary shares pursuant to the Skillsoft Merger Agreement.
The terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement are complex and only briefly summarized above. For further information, please see the full text of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, which is attached as Annex A hereto. The discussion herein is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Skillsoft Merger Agreement.
Why Churchill Needs Stockholder Approval
We are seeking stockholder approval in order to comply with Rule 312.03 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual.
Under Rule 312.03 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, stockholder approval is required prior to the issuance of shares of common stock in certain circumstances, including if the number of shares of common stock to be issued is, or will be upon issuance, equal to or in excess of 20% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding before the issuance. The maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the Skillsoft Merger Agreement represents greater than 20% of the number of shares of common stock before such issuance. As a result, stockholder approval of the issuance of shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the Skillsoft Merger Agreement is required under the NYSE Listed Company Manual.
Vote Required for Approval
If the Merger Proposal is not approved, the Merger Issuance Proposal will not be presented at the Churchill Special Meeting. The approval of the Merger Issuance Proposal requires a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting.
Failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the Merger Issuance Proposal.
The Merger is conditioned upon the approval of the Merger Issuance Proposal, subject to the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. Notwithstanding the approval of the Merger Issuance Proposal, if the Merger is not consummated for any reason, the actions contemplated by the Merger Issuance Proposal will not be effected.
The Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have agreed to vote the Founder Shares and any Public Shares owned by them in favor of the Merger Issuance Proposal. See “Other Agreements — Sponsor Agreement” for more information.
Recommendation of the Board of Directors
THE CHURCHILL BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT THE CHURCHILL STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE MERGER ISSUANCE PROPOSAL.
 
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PROPOSAL NO. 3 — THE CHARTER AMENDMENT PROPOSAL
Overview
Our stockholders are being asked to adopt the Charter Amendment in the form attached hereto as Annex B, which, in the judgment of the Churchill Board, is necessary in order for Churchill to fulfill its obligations under the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. The Charter Amendment increases the number of authorized shares of Churchill Class A common stock from 200,000,000 to 375,000,000 and authorizes the issuance of 3,840,000 shares of Churchill Class C common stock.
The foregoing is a summary of the key changes effected by the Charter Amendment, but this summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Charter Amendment, a copy of which is included as Annex B.
Reasons for the Amendments
Authorized Shares
Churchill’s Existing Charter authorizes 221,000,000 shares, consisting of (a) 220,000,000 shares of common stock, including 200,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock and 20,000,000 shares of Churchill Class B common stock, and (b) 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock. This amendment authorizes Churchill to issue 408,840,000 shares, consisting of (i) 398,840,000 shares of common stock, including 375,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock, 20,000,000 shares of Churchill Class B common stock and 3,840,000 shares of Churchill Class C common stock, and (ii) 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock.
The Charter Amendment was negotiated as part of the Merger. The Churchill Board believes the Charter Amendment is necessary in order for Churchill to have sufficient authorized capital stock to issue pursuant to the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby. The Churchill Board also believes that it is important for the Post-Combination Company to have available for issuance a number of authorized shares of Class A common stock sufficient to support our growth and to provide flexibility for future corporate needs (including, if needed, as part of financing for future growth acquisitions). The shares would be issuable as consideration for the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by in this joint proxy statement/prospectus, and for any proper corporate purpose, including future acquisitions, capital raising transactions consisting of equity or convertible debt, stock dividends or issuances under current and any future stock incentive plans.
The Churchill Board believes that these additional shares will provide us with needed flexibility to issue shares in the future in a timely manner and under circumstances we consider favorable without incurring the risk, delay and potential expense incident to obtaining stockholder approval for a particular issuance.
Vote Required for Approval
If the Merger Proposal is not approved, the Charter Amendment Proposal will not be presented at the Churchill Special Meeting. The Charter Amendment Proposal will be approved and adopted only if: (i) the holders of a majority of the Founder Shares then outstanding, voting separately as a single class, and (ii) the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock, voting together as a single class, vote “FOR” the Charter Amendment Proposal.
Failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, abstentions and broker non-votes will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Charter Amendment Proposal.
The Merger is conditioned upon the approval of the Charter Amendment Proposal, subject to the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. Notwithstanding the approval of the Charter Amendment Proposal, if the Merger is not consummated for any reason, the actions contemplated by the Charter Amendment Proposal will not be effected and by approval of the Charter Amendment Proposal, Churchill stockholders are authorizing the Churchill Board to abandon the Charter Amendment Proposal in the event the Merger is not consummated.
 
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The Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have agreed to vote the Founder Shares and any Public Shares owned by them in favor of the Charter Approval Proposal. See “Other Agreements — Sponsor Agreement” for more information.
Recommendation of the Board of Directors
THE CHURCHILL BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT THE CHURCHILL STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE CHARTER AMENDMENT PROPOSAL.
 
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PROPOSAL NO. 4 — THE CHARTER APPROVAL PROPOSAL
Overview
Our stockholders are being asked to adopt the Proposed Charter in the form attached hereto as Annex C, which, in the judgment of the Churchill Board, is necessary to adequately address the needs of the Post-Combination Company.
The following is a summary of the key changes effected by the Proposed Charter, but this summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Proposed Charter, a copy of which is included as Annex C:

Elimination of Class B common stock — eliminate the Class B common stock classification;

Special Meetings — provide special meetings may be called only by or at the direction of the chairman or the Board, either on his or her own initiative or at the request of stockholders that beneficially own at least 25% in voting power of all the then-outstanding shares of stock of the Post-Combination Company;

Removal of Blank Check Company Provisions — eliminate various provisions applicable only to blank check companies.
Reasons for the Amendments
Each of these amendments was negotiated as part of the Merger. The Churchill Board’s reasons for proposing each of these amendments to the Existing Charter is set forth below.
Elimination of Class B common stock
Upon the conversion of the Class B common stock to Class A common stock and the elimination of the blank check provisions in our Existing Charter, the Churchill Board determined that there was no longer a need to continue with a series of Class B common stock and, therefore, this amendment eliminates the Class B common stock.
Special Meetings
At present, our Existing Charter provides that special meetings of stockholders of Churchill may be called only by the chairman of the Churchill Board, the chief executive officer of Churchill or a majority of the Churchill Board, and the ability of stockholders to call a special meeting is specifically denied. This amendment provides that special meetings may be called only by the chairman or the Board; either on his or her own initiative or at the request of stockholders that beneficially own at least 25% in voting power of all the then-outstanding shares of stock of the Post-Combination Company. Allowing stockholders holding a substantial portion of the voting power of the outstanding shares of the Post-Combination Company to request a special meeting of stockholders achieves a reasonable balance between enhancing stockholder rights and adequately protecting the long-term interests of the Post-Combination Company and its stockholders.
Removal of Blank Check Company Provisions
Our Existing Charter contains various provisions applicable only to blank check companies. This amendment eliminates certain provisions related to our status as a blank check company, which is desirable because these provisions will serve no purpose following the Merger. For example, these proposed amendments remove the requirement to dissolve the Post-Combination Company and allow it to continue as a corporate entity with perpetual existence following consummation of the Merger. Perpetual existence is the usual period of existence for corporations and we believe it is the most appropriate period for the Post-Combination Company following the Merger. In addition, certain other provisions in our Existing Charter require that proceeds from the Churchill IPO be held in the trust account until a business combination or liquidation of merger has occurred. These provisions cease to apply once the Merger is consummated.
 
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Vote Required for Approval
If the Merger Proposal is not approved, the Charter Approval Proposal will not be presented at the Churchill Special Meeting. The Charter Approval Proposal will be approved and adopted only if: (i) the holders of a majority of the Founder Shares then outstanding, voting separately as a single class, and (ii) the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock, voting together as a single class, vote “FOR” the Charter Approval Proposal.
Failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, abstentions and broker non-votes will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Charter Approval Proposal.
The Merger is conditioned upon the approval of the Charter Approval Proposal, subject to the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. Notwithstanding the approval of the Charter Approval Proposal, if the Merger is not consummated for any reason, the actions contemplated by the Charter Approval Proposal will not be effected and by approval of the Charter Approval Proposal, Churchill stockholders are authorizing the Churchill Board to abandon the Charter Approval Proposal in the event the Merger is not consummated.
The Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have agreed to vote the Founder Shares and any Public Shares owned by them in favor of the Charter Approval Proposal. See “Other Agreements — Sponsor Agreement” for more information.
A copy of the Proposed Charter, as will be in effect assuming approval of the Charter Approval Proposal and upon consummation of the Merger and filing with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, is attached to this joint proxy statement/prospectus as Annex C.
Recommendation of the Board of Directors
THE CHURCHILL BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT THE CHURCHILL STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE CHARTER APPROVAL PROPOSAL.
 
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PROPOSAL NO. 5 — THE GOVERNANCE PROPOSAL
Overview
Our stockholders are also being asked to vote on a separate proposal with respect to certain governance provisions in the Proposed Charter, which are separately being presented in order to give holders of Churchill common stock the opportunity to present their separate views on important corporate governance procedures and which will be voted upon on a non-binding advisory basis. In the judgment of the Churchill Board, these provisions are necessary to adequately address the needs of the Post-Combination Company. Accordingly, regardless of the outcome of the non-binding advisory vote on these proposals, Skillsoft and Churchill intend that the Proposed Charter in the form set forth on Annex C will take effect at consummation of the Merger, assuming adoption of Proposal No. 2.
Proposal 5A: Authorized Shares
See “Proposal No. 3 — The Charter Amendment Proposal — Reasons for the Amendments — Authorized Shares” for a description and reasons for the amendment.
Proposal 5B: Special Meetings
See “Proposal No. 4 — The Charter Approval Proposal — Reasons for the Amendments — Special Meetings” for a description and reasons for the amendment.
Proposal 5C: Removal of Blank Check Company Provisions
See “Proposal No. 4 — The Charter Approval Proposal — Reasons for the Amendments — Removal of Blank Check Company Provisions” for a description and reasons for the amendment.
Vote Required for Approval
If the Merger Proposal is not approved, the Governance Proposal will not be presented at the Churchill Special Meeting. The approval of the Governance Proposal requires the majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting.
Failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the Governance Proposal.
The Merger is not conditioned upon the approval of the Governance Proposal.
As discussed above, a vote to approve the Governance Proposal is an advisory vote, and therefore, is not binding on the Churchill, Skillsoft or their respective boards of directors. Accordingly, regardless of the outcome of the non-binding advisory vote, Churchill and Skillsoft intend that the Proposed Charter, in the form set forth on Annex C and containing the provisions noted above, will take effect at consummation of the Merger, assuming adoption of Proposal No. 4.
The Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have agreed to vote the Founder Shares and any Public Shares owned by them in favor of the Governance Proposal. See “Other Agreements — Sponsor Agreement” for more information.
Recommendation of the Board of Directors
THE CHURCHILL BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT THE CHURCHILL STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE GOVERNANCE PROPOSAL.
 
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PROPOSAL NO. 6 — THE DIRECTOR ELECTION PROPOSAL
Overview
Assuming the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal and the Incentive Plan Proposal are approved at the Churchill Special Meeting, stockholders are being asked to elect seven directors to the Board, effective upon the closing of the Merger, with each director having a term that expires at the Post-Combination Company’s annual meeting of stockholders in 2022, in the case of Class I directors, the Post-Combination Company’s annual meeting of stockholders in 2023, in the case of Class II directors, and the Post-Combination Company’s annual meeting of stockholders in 2024, in the case of Class III directors, and, in each case, until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified, or until their earlier resignation, removal or death. The election of these directors is contingent upon approval of the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal and the Incentive Plan Proposal.
Pursuant to the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, at the closing of the Merger, our board of directors will consist of seven members, six of whom will be nominated by Churchill and one of whom will be nominated by the Skillsoft shareholders. Churchill has nominated Jeffrey R. Tarr, Helena B. Foulkes, Ronald W. Hovsepian, Michael Klein, Karen G. Mills and Lawrence H. Summers to serve on the board of directors. The Skillsoft shareholders have nominated Peter Schmitt to serve on the board of directors. Ronald W. Hovsepian, Peter Schmitt and Jeffrey R. Tarr have been nominated to serve as the Class I directors; Michael Klein and Lawrence H. Summers have been nominated to serve as the Class II directors; and Helena B. Foulkes and Karen G. Mills have been nominated to serve as the Class III directors.
Information regarding each nominee is set forth in the section entitled “Management of the Post-Combination Company after the Merger.”
Vote Required for Approval
If a quorum is present, directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting. This means that the seven director nominees who receive the most affirmative votes will be elected. Votes marked “FOR” a nominee will be counted in favor of that nominee. Proxies will have full discretion to cast votes for other persons in the event any nominee is unable to serve. Failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the vote.
The Merger is not conditioned upon the approval of the Director Election Proposal. Notwithstanding the approval of each of the seven director nominees to the Board in the Director Election Proposal, if the Merger is not consummated for any reason, the actions contemplated by the Director Election Proposal will not be effected.
The Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have agreed to vote the Founder Shares and any Public Shares owned by them in favor of each of the seven director nominees to the Board in the Director Election Proposal. See “Other Agreements — Sponsor Agreement” for more information.
Recommendation of the Board of Directors
THE CHURCHILL BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT THE CHURCHILL STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE ELECTION OF EACH OF THE SEVEN DIRECTOR NOMINEES TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS IN THE DIRECTOR ELECTION PROPOSAL.
 
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PROPOSAL NO. 7 — THE PROSUS PIPE ISSUANCE PROPOSAL
Overview
In connection with the Merger, we will effect the issuance and sale to Prosus pursuant to the Prosus Subscription Agreement of (i) 10,000,000 Churchill Class A common stock, (ii) the lesser of (x) an additional 40,000,000 Churchill Class A common stock and (y) such additional number of shares that would result in Prosus beneficially owning the Prosus Maximum Ownership Amount, (iii) at the election of Prosus, a number of shares issuable upon Prosus’s exercise of the Prosus Top-Up Right, and (iv) the Prosus Warrants (which, if exercised, will result in the issuance of additional shares of Churchill Class A common stock), in each case subject to certain conditions more fully described in “Other Agreements — Subscription Agreements — Prosus Agreements.”
Why Churchill Needs Stockholder Approval
We are seeking stockholder approval in order to comply with Rule 312.03 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual.
Under Rule 312.03 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, stockholder approval is required prior to the issuance of shares of common stock in certain circumstances, including if the number of shares of common stock to be issued is, or will be upon issuance, equal to or in excess of 20% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding before the issuance and if the issuance will result in a change of control of the issuer. The maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the Prosus Subscription Agreement represents greater than 20% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding before such issuance and may result in a change of control of Churchill. As a result, stockholder approval of the issuance of shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the Prosus Subscription Agreement is required under the NYSE Listed Company Manual.
Vote Required for Approval
If the Merger Proposal is not approved, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal will not be presented at the Churchill Special Meeting. The approval of the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal requires the majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting.
Failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal.
The Merger is conditioned upon the approval of the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, subject to the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. Notwithstanding the approval of the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, if the Merger is not consummated for any reason, the actions contemplated by the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal will not be effected.
The Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have agreed to vote the Founder Shares and any Public Shares owned by them in favor of the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal. See “Other Agreements —  Sponsor Agreement” for more information.
Recommendation of the Board of Directors
THE CHURCHILL BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT THE CHURCHILL STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE PROSUS PIPE ISSUANCE PROPOSAL.
 
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PROPOSAL NO. 8 — THE SURO PIPE ISSUANCE PROPOSAL
Overview
In connection with the Merger, we will effect the issuance and sale of an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock at $10.00 per share to certain investors pursuant to the SuRo Subscription Agreement.
Why Churchill Needs Stockholder Approval
We are seeking stockholder approval in order to comply with Rule 312.03 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual.
Under Rule 312.03 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, stockholder approval is required prior to the issuance of shares of common stock in certain circumstances, including if the number of shares of common stock to be issued is, or will be upon issuance, equal to or in excess of 20% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding before the issuance and if the issuance will result in a change of control of the issuer. The maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the PIPE Subscription Agreements represents greater than 20% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding before such issuance and may result in a change of control of Churchill.
Vote Required for Approval
If the Merger Proposal is not approved, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal will not be presented at the Churchill Special Meeting. The approval of the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal requires the majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting.
Failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal.
The Merger is conditioned upon the approval of the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, subject to the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. Notwithstanding the approval of the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal, if the Merger is not consummated for any reason, the actions contemplated by the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal will not be effected.
The Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have agreed to vote the Founder Shares and any Public Shares owned by them in favor of the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal. See “Other Agreements — Sponsor Agreement” for more information.
Recommendation of the Board of Directors
THE CHURCHILL BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT THE CHURCHILL STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE SURO PIPE ISSUANCE PROPOSAL.
 
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PROPOSAL NO. 9 — THE INCENTIVE PLAN PROPOSAL
Overview
On March 12, 2021, the Churchill Board adopted the Churchill Capital Corp II 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”), effective as of the closing of the Merger, subject to the approval of our stockholders. Churchill anticipates that the initial share reserve to be authorized under the Incentive Plan should be sufficient for multiple years of future awards. We are seeking stockholder approval of the Incentive Plan (i) in order for incentive stock options to meet the requirements of the Code and (ii) in order to comply with the NYSE Listing Rules.
The purpose of the Incentive Plan is to enhance the Post-Combination Company’s ability to attract, retain and motivate persons who make (or are expected to make) important contributions to the Post-Combination Company by providing these individuals with equity ownership opportunities. We believe that the Incentive Plan is essential to our success. Equity awards are intended to motivate high levels of performance and align the interests of our directors, employees and consultants with those of our stockholders by giving directors, employees and consultants an equity stake in the Post-Combination Company and providing a means of recognizing their contributions to the success of the Post-Combination Company. The Churchill Board and management believe that equity awards are necessary to remain competitive in our industry and are essential to recruiting and retaining the highly qualified employees who help the Post-Combination Company meet its goals.
If approved by the Churchill Board and our stockholders, the Incentive Plan will become effective upon the consummation of the Merger.
Description of the Material Features of the Incentive Plan
The following is a summary of the material features of the Incentive Plan. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the Incentive Plan, a copy of which is attached to this joint proxy statement/prospectus as Annex D. We urge our stockholders to read carefully the entire Incentive Plan before voting on this proposal.
Purpose
The purpose of the Incentive Plan is to provide a means through which to attract, retain and motivate key personnel and to provide a means whereby our directors, officers, employees, consultants and advisors can acquire and maintain an equity interest in us, or be paid incentive compensation, including incentive compensation measured by reference to the value of Churchill Class A common stock, thereby strengthening their commitment to our welfare and aligning their interests with those of our stockholders.
Persons Eligible to Participate
Awards under the Incentive Plan may be granted to any (i) individual employed by us or our subsidiaries, (ii) director or officer of us or our subsidiaries or (iii) consultant or advisor to us or our subsidiaries who may be offered securities registrable pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act. The compensation committee of the Churchill Board (the “Compensation Committee”) may grant awards to any individual eligible to participate in the Incentive Plan.
Administration
The Incentive Plan will be administered by the Compensation Committee or such other committee of the Churchill Board to which it has properly delegated power, or if no such committee or subcommittee exists, the Churchill Board. The Compensation Committee has the authority to make all decisions and determinations with respect to the administration of the Incentive Plan, and is permitted, subject to applicable law or exchange rules and regulations, to delegate all or any part of its responsibilities and powers to any person or persons selected by it in accordance with the terms of the Incentive Plan.
 
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Shares Subject to the Incentive Plan
The Incentive Plan provides that the total number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock that may be issued under the Incentive Plan is      shares, representing 10% of the shares of Churchill Class A common stock outstanding at the closing of the Merger (the “plan share reserve”). The plan share reserve will automatically increase on January 1 of each year, commencing on January 1 of the year following the year in which the Incentive Plan becomes effective and ending on (and including) January 1, 2031, in an amount equal to 5.0% of the total number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year. The Compensation Committee may act prior to January 1 of a given year to provide that there will be no January 1 increase for such year or that the increase for such year will be a lesser number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock. No more than the number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock equal to the plan share reserve may be issued in the aggregate pursuant to the exercise of incentive stock options. The maximum number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock granted during a single fiscal year to any non-employee director, taken together with any cash fees paid to such non-employee director during the fiscal year, may not exceed $750,000, with such limit increased to $1,000,000 in the year in which such non-employee director initially joins the Churchill Board. Except for substitute awards (as described below), in the event any award expires or is cancelled, forfeited or terminated without issuance to the participant of the full number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock to which the award related, the unissued shares of Churchill Class A common stock underlying such award will be returned to the plan share reserve and may be granted again under the Incentive Plan. Shares of Churchill Class A common stock withheld in payment of an option exercise price or taxes relating to an award, and shares equal to the number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock surrendered in payment of any option exercise price, a stock appreciation right’s base price, or taxes relating to an award will not reduce the plan share reserve and will not be returned to the plan share reserve. Awards may, in the sole discretion of the Compensation Committee, be granted in assumption of, or in substitution for, outstanding awards previously granted by an entity directly or indirectly acquired by us or with which we combine (referred to as “substitute awards”), and such substitute awards will not be counted against the plan share reserve, except that substitute awards intended to qualify as “incentive stock options” will count against the limit on incentive stock options described above. No award may be granted under the Incentive Plan after the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date (as defined therein), but awards granted before then may extend beyond that date.
Vesting of Awards
All awards granted under the Incentive Plan will vest and, as applicable, become exercisable in such manner and on such date or dates or upon such event or events as determined by the Compensation Committee, including, without limitation, satisfaction of Performance Conditions, if any. For purposes of the Incentive Plan, “Performance Conditions” means specific levels of performance of Churchill (and/or one or more of its subsidiaries, divisions or operational and/or business units, product lines, brands, business segments, administrative departments, or any combination of the foregoing), which may be determined in accordance with GAAP or on a non-GAAP basis on, without limitation, the following measures: (i) net earnings, net income (before or after taxes), or consolidated net income; (ii) basic or diluted earnings per share (before or after taxes); (iii) net revenue or net revenue growth; (iv) gross revenue or gross revenue growth, gross profit or gross profit growth; (v) net operating profit (before or after taxes); (vi) return measures (including, but not limited to, return on investment, assets, capital, employed capital, invested capital, equity, or sales); (vii) cash flow measures (including, but not limited to, operating cash flow, free cash flow, or cash flow return on capital), which may be but are not required to be measured on a per share basis; (viii) actual or adjusted earnings before or after interest, taxes, depreciation, and/or amortization (including EBIT and EBITDA); (ix) gross or net operating margins; (x) productivity ratios; (xi) share price (including, but not limited to, growth measures and total stockholder return); (xii) expense targets or cost reduction goals, general and administrative expense savings; (xiii) operating efficiency; (xiv) objective measures of customer/client satisfaction; (xv) working capital targets; (xvi) measures of economic value added or other “value creation” metrics; (xvii) enterprise value; (xviii) sales; (xix) stockholder return; (xx) customer/client retention; (xxi) competitive market metrics; (xxii) employee retention; (xxiii) objective measures of personal targets, goals, or completion of projects (including, but not limited to, succession and hiring projects, completion of specific acquisitions, dispositions, reorganizations, or other corporate transactions or capital-raising transactions, expansions of specific business operations, and meeting divisional or project budgets);
 
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(xxiv) comparisons of continuing operations to other operations; (xxv) market share; (xxvi) cost of capital, debt leverage, year-end cash position or book value; (xxvii) strategic objectives; (xxviii) gross or net authorizations; (xxix) backlog; or (xxx) any combination of the foregoing. Any one or more of the aforementioned Performance Conditions may be stated as a percentage of another Performance Condition, or used on an absolute or relative basis to measure the performance of one or more of Churchill or its subsidiaries as a whole or any divisions or operational and/or business units, product lines, brands, business segments, or administrative departments of Churchill and/or one or more of its subsidiaries or any combination thereof, as the Compensation Committee may deem appropriate, or any of the above performance criteria may be compared to the performance of a selected group of comparison companies, or a published or special index that the Compensation Committee, in its sole discretion, deems appropriate, or as compared to various stock market indices.
Types of Awards
Options.   The Compensation Committee may grant non-qualified stock options and incentive stock options, under the Incentive Plan, with terms and conditions determined by the Compensation Committee that are not inconsistent with the Incentive Plan. All stock options granted under the Incentive Plan are required to have a per share exercise price that is not less than 100% of the fair market value of Churchill Class A common stock underlying such stock options on the date such stock options are granted (other than in the case of options that are substitute awards). All stock options that are intended to qualify as incentive stock options must be granted pursuant to an award agreement expressly stating that the options are intended to qualify as incentive stock options and will be subject to the terms and conditions that comply with the rules as may be prescribed by Section 422 of the Code. The maximum term for stock options granted under the Incentive Plan will be ten years from the initial date of grant, or with respect to any stock options intended to qualify as incentive stock options, such shorter period as prescribed by Section 422 of the Code. The purchase price for the shares of Churchill Class A common stock as to which a stock option is exercised may be paid to Churchill, to the extent permitted by law, (i) in cash, check or cash equivalent at the time the stock option is exercised; (ii) in shares of Churchill Class A common stock having a fair market value equal to the aggregate exercise price for the shares of Churchill Class A common stock being purchased and satisfying any requirements that may be imposed by the Compensation Committee (so long as such shares have been held by the participant for at least six months or such other period established by the Compensation Committee to avoid adverse accounting treatment); or (iii) by such other method as the Compensation Committee may permit in its sole discretion, including, without limitation, (A) in other property having a fair market value on the date of exercise equal to the purchase price, (B) if there is a public market for the shares of Churchill Class A common stock at such time, through the delivery of irrevocable instructions to a broker to sell the shares of Churchill Class A common stock being acquired upon the exercise of the stock option and to deliver to Churchill the amount of the proceeds of such sale equal to the aggregate exercise price for the shares of Churchill Class A common stock being purchased or (C) through a “net exercise” procedure effected by withholding the number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock needed to pay the exercise price and the maximum taxes that are statutorily required to be withheld. Any fractional shares of Churchill Class A common stock will be settled in cash. Options will become vested and exercisable in such manner and on such date(s) or event(s) as determined by the Compensation Committee, including, without limitation, satisfaction of Performance Conditions, provided that the Compensation Committee may, in its sole discretion, accelerate the vesting of any options at any time for any reason.
Restricted Shares and Restricted Stock Units.   The Compensation Committee may grant restricted shares of Churchill Class A common stock or restricted stock units, representing the right to receive, upon vesting and the expiration of any applicable restricted period, one share of Churchill Class A common stock for each restricted stock unit, or, in the sole discretion of the Compensation Committee, the cash value thereof (or any combination thereof). As to restricted shares of Churchill Class A common stock, subject to the other provisions of the Incentive Plan, the holder will generally have the rights and privileges of a stockholder as to such restricted shares of Churchill Class A common stock, including, without limitation, the right to vote such restricted shares of Churchill Class A common stock. Participants generally have no rights or privileges as a stockholder with respect to restricted stock units. Restricted shares of Churchill Class A common stock and restricted stock units will become vested in such manner and on such date(s) or event(s) as determined by the Compensation Committee, including, without limitation, satisfaction of Performance Conditions, provided that the Compensation Committee may, in its sole discretion, accelerate the vesting of
 
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any restricted shares of Churchill Class A common stock or restricted stock units at any time for any reason. Unless otherwise provided by the Compensation Committee, whether in an award agreement or otherwise, in the event of a participant’s termination for any reason prior to vesting of any restricted shares or restricted stock units, as applicable (i) all vesting with respect to the participant’s restricted shares or restricted stock units, as applicable, will cease and (ii) unvested restricted shares and unvested restricted stock units will be forfeited for no consideration on the date of termination.
Other Equity-Based Awards and Cash-Based Awards.   The Compensation Committee may grant other equity-based or cash-based awards under the Incentive Plan, with terms and conditions, including, without limitation, satisfaction of Performance Conditions, determined by the Compensation Committee that are not inconsistent with the Incentive Plan.
Effect of Certain Events on Incentive Plan and Awards
Other than with respect to cash-based awards, in the event of (i) any dividend (other than regular cash dividends) or other distribution (whether in the form of cash, shares of Churchill Class A common stock, other securities or other property), recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, split-off, spin-off, combination, repurchase or exchange of shares of Churchill Class A common stock or other securities, issuance of warrants or other rights to acquire shares of Churchill Class A common stock or other securities, or other similar corporate transaction or event that affects the shares of Churchill Class A common stock (including a change in control, as defined in the Incentive Plan), or (ii) unusual or nonrecurring events affecting Churchill, including changes in applicable rules, rulings, regulations or other requirements, that the Compensation Committee determines, in its sole discretion, could result in substantial dilution or enlargement of the rights intended to be granted to, or available for, participants (any event in (i) or (ii), an “Adjustment Event”), the Compensation Committee will, in respect of any such Adjustment Event, make such proportionate substitution or adjustment, if any, as it deems equitable, to any or all of: (A) the plan share reserve, or any other limit applicable under the Incentive Plan with respect to the number of awards which may be granted thereunder, (B) the number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock or other securities of Churchill (or number and kind of other securities or other property) which may be issued in respect of awards or with respect to which awards may be granted under the Incentive Plan or any sub-plan and (C) the terms of any outstanding award, including, without limitation, (x) the number of shares of Churchill Class A common stock or other securities of Churchill (or number and kind of other securities or other property) subject to outstanding awards or to which outstanding awards relate, (y) the exercise price or base price with respect to any award, or (z) any applicable performance measures; it being understood that, in the case of any “equity restructuring,” the Compensation Committee will make an equitable or proportionate adjustment to outstanding awards to reflect such equity restructuring.
In connection with any change in control, the Compensation Committee may, in its sole discretion, provide for any one or more of the following: (i) a substitution or assumption of, acceleration of the vesting of, the exercisability of, or lapse of restrictions on, any one or more outstanding awards and (ii) cancellation of any one or more outstanding awards and payment to the holders of such awards that are vested as of such cancellation (including any awards that would vest as a result of the occurrence of such event but for such cancellation or for which vesting is accelerated by the Compensation Committee in connection with such event pursuant to clause (i) above) the value of such awards, if any, as determined by the Compensation Committee (which value, if applicable, may be based upon the price per share of Churchill Class A common stock received or to be received by other holders of Churchill Class A common stock in such event), including, in the case of stock options and stock appreciation rights, a cash payment equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the shares of Churchill Class A common stock subject to the option or stock appreciation right over the aggregate exercise price or base price thereof.
Non transferability of Awards
Each award under the Incentive Plan will not be transferable or assignable by a participant other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution and any such purported assignment, alienation, pledge, attachment, sale, transfer or encumbrance will be void and unenforceable against Churchill or any of our subsidiaries. However, the Compensation Committee may, in its sole discretion, permit awards (other than
 
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incentive stock options) to be transferred, including transfers to a participant’s family members, any trust established solely for the benefit of a participant or such participant’s family members, any partnership or limited liability company of which a participant, or such participant and such participant’s family members, are the sole member(s), and a beneficiary to whom donations are eligible to be treated as “charitable contributions” for tax purposes.
Amendment and Termination.
The Churchill Board may amend, alter, suspend, discontinue, or terminate the Incentive Plan or any portion thereof at any time; but no such amendment, alteration, suspension, discontinuance or termination may be made without stockholder approval if (i) such approval is required under applicable law; (ii) it would materially increase the number of securities which may be issued under the Incentive Plan (except for adjustments in connection with certain corporate events); or (iii) it would materially modify the requirements for participation in the Incentive Plan; and any such amendment, alteration, suspension, discontinuance or termination that would materially and adversely affect the rights of any participant or any holder or beneficiary of any award will not to that extent be effective without such individual’s consent.
The Compensation Committee may, to the extent consistent with the terms of the Incentive Plan and any applicable award agreement, waive any conditions or rights under, amend any terms of, or alter, suspend, discontinue, cancel or terminate, any award granted or the associated award agreement, prospectively or retroactively (including after a participant’s termination). However, except as otherwise permitted in the Incentive Plan, any such waiver, amendment, alteration, suspension, discontinuance, cancellation or termination that would materially and adversely affect the rights of any participant with respect to such award will not to that extent be effective without such individual’s consent. In addition, without stockholder approval, except as otherwise permitted in the Incentive Plan, (i) no amendment or modification may reduce the exercise price of any option or the base price of any stock appreciation right; (ii) the Compensation Committee may not cancel any outstanding option or stock appreciation right and replace it with a new option or stock appreciation right (with a lower exercise price or base price, as the case may be) or other award or cash payment that is greater than the value of the cancelled option or stock appreciation right; and (iii) the Compensation Committee may not take any other action which is considered a “repricing” for purposes of the stockholder approval rules of any securities exchange or inter-dealer quotation system on which our securities are listed or quoted.
Dividends and Dividend Equivalents
The Compensation Committee in its sole discretion may provide that any award under the Incentive Plan includes dividends or dividend equivalents, on such terms and conditions as may be determined by the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion. Unless otherwise provided in the award agreement, any dividend payable in respect of any share of restricted stock that remains subject to vesting conditions at the time of payment of such dividend will be retained by Churchill and remain subject to the same vesting conditions as the share of restricted stock to which the dividend relates. To the extent provided in an award agreement, the holder of outstanding restricted stock units will be entitled to be credited with dividend equivalents either in cash, or in the sole discretion of the Compensation Committee, in shares of Churchill Class A common stock having a fair market value equal to the amount of the dividends (and interest may be credited, at the discretion of the Compensation Committee, on the amount of cash dividend equivalents, at a rate and subject to terms determined by the Compensation Committee), which accumulated dividend equivalents (and any interest) will be payable at the same time as the underlying restricted stock units are settled following the lapse of restrictions (and with any accumulated dividend equivalents forfeited if the underlying restricted stock units are forfeited).
Clawback/Repayment
All awards are subject to reduction, cancellation, forfeiture or recoupment to the extent necessary to comply with (i) any clawback, forfeiture or other similar policy adopted by the Churchill Board or the Compensation Committee and as in effect from time to time and (ii) applicable law. Unless otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee, to the extent that a participant receives any amount in excess of the amount that the participant should otherwise have received under the terms of the award for any
 
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reason (including, without limitation, by reason of a financial restatement, mistake in calculations or other administrative error), the participant will be required to repay any such excess amount to Churchill.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences.
The tax consequences of awards granted under the Incentive Plan are complex and may depend on the surrounding facts and circumstances. The following provides a brief summary of certain significant federal income tax consequences of the Incentive Plan to a participant who is a citizen or resident of the United States under existing U.S. law as of the date hereof. This summary is not a complete statement of applicable law and is based upon the Code, the regulations promulgated thereunder, as well as administrative and judicial interpretations of the Code as in effect on the date of this description. If federal tax laws, or the interpretations of such laws, change in the future, the information provided in this section may no longer be accurate. This section does not discuss state, local, or foreign tax consequences and does not discuss the loss of deduction provisions of Section 280G of the Code, the excise tax provisions of Section 4999 of the Code, or the consequences of a failure to comply with Section 409A of the Code, each of which may be applicable in the circumstances described below. This section also does not discuss the effect of gift, estate, or inheritance taxes, nor any state, local, employment or foreign taxes which may be applicable.
Non-Qualified Options:   A participant generally will not have taxable income on the grant of a non-qualified option. A participant will have taxable income upon the exercise of a non-qualified option equal to the excess of the fair market value of Churchill Class A common stock over the option exercise price multiplied by the number of shares subject to exercise (referred to as the “option spread”), and we will generally be entitled to deduct that amount for federal income tax purposes (subject to the restrictions on deductibility pursuant to Code Section 162(m), described below). This taxable income will be taxed to a participant as ordinary compensation income.
Taxable income a participant recognizes from a participant’s award is subject to federal and applicable state and local income tax withholding. Federal Insurance Contributions Act, or FICA, taxes comprised of Social Security and Medicare taxes must also be withheld on the taxable income recognized at exercise.
A participant may incur a tax liability on the subsequent disposal of shares acquired from a participant’s option if these shares are sold at a gain. A participant will be responsible for paying any tax due and ensuring that any sale by a participant of the shares is reported to the tax authorities as required by applicable law. When a participant sells or otherwise disposes of shares, an amount equal to the difference between the sale or other disposition price of these shares and the cost basis of these shares will be treated as a capital gain or loss. The cost basis is equal to the amount previously taxed to a participant as compensation income plus the option price.
If the shares that a participant sells at a gain have been held for less than one year, a short-term capital gain will be recognized, which gain is subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates. For shares that a participant sells at a gain that have been held one year or longer, a long-term capital gain will be recognized, which is currently subject to tax at reduced rates. If a participant sells the shares at a loss because the cost basis of the shares exceeds the disposition price of the shares, the loss will be a capital loss, the use of which is limited on a participant’s individual federal income tax return.
Incentive Stock Options:   A participant will not have any taxable income upon the grant of an incentive stock option. In addition, when a participant exercises an incentive stock option, a participant generally will not recognize any taxable income on the option spread (there may, however, be alternative maximum tax consequences upon exercise as explained below). Instead, a participant will be subject to income taxation only when a participant disposes of the shares a participant acquired upon the exercise of an incentive stock option. If a participant disposes of the shares of Churchill Class A common stock that a participant acquired upon exercise of an incentive stock option more than two years after the date of grant and more than one year after exercise, a participant will realize a long-term capital gain (or loss) based on the difference between the sale price of the incentive stock option shares and the exercise price of the incentive stock option, and we will not be entitled to deduct that amount for federal income tax purposes. Otherwise, if a participant disposes of the incentive stock option shares before the expiration of two years from the date of the incentive stock option grant or one year from the date of incentive stock option exercise (also called a disqualified disposition), a participant will realize ordinary compensation income in the year a
 
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participant disposed of the incentive stock option shares in an amount equal to the excess (if any) of (A) the lesser of (1) the fair market value of such shares on the date of exercise and (2) the amount realized on the sale over (B) the option exercise price, and Churchill will be entitled to deduct that amount for federal income tax purposes. Any further gain (or loss) that a participant realize upon the disqualified disposition of the Churchill Class A common stock will be taxed as short-term or long-term capital gain (or loss), depending on how long a participant held the shares, and such gains will not result in any further tax deduction for Churchill.
Although a participant’s exercise of an incentive stock option does not result in the recognition of regular taxable income, the option spread on an incentive stock option exercise is a preference item that is includible in the calculation of a participant’s federal alternative maximum taxable income. Therefore, the exercise of an incentive stock option may cause an increase in a participant’s federal income tax liability if the preference income from an incentive stock option exercise causes a participant’s alternative maximum tax to exceed (or further exceed) a participant’s regular federal income tax in the year of the exercise.
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units:   A participant will generally not be subject to tax when a participant receives a restricted stock or restricted stock unit award unless, in the case of restricted stock, a participant makes an election pursuant to Section 83(b) of the Code. Generally, a participant will recognize taxable income on the date an award of restricted stock becomes transferable or is no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture (i.e., the vesting date) or when a restricted stock unit is settled in shares of Churchill Class A common stock, as applicable, and we will generally be entitled to a deduction for federal income tax purposes in the same amount (subject to the restrictions on deductibility pursuant to Code Section 162(m), described below). The taxable income from a participant’s award will be equal to the difference between the fair market value of the shares on such date and the amount paid for such shares, if any. This income is taxed in the same manner and at the same rates as other compensation income. If a participant does make an election under Section 83(b) of the Code, a participant will have taxable income at the time of grant equal to the difference between the fair market value of the shares on such date and the amount paid for such shares, if any.
Taxable income that a participant recognizes from a participant’s award on the vesting date or date of settlement, as applicable, is subject to federal income tax withholding, as well as any applicable state and local income tax withholding. FICA taxes, which consist of Social Security and Medicare taxes, must be withheld on the value of any shares that vest for tax purposes.
A participant may incur a tax liability when a participant subsequently disposes of shares acquired from a participant’s award if those shares are sold at a gain. A participant will be responsible for paying any tax due from that sale and ensuring that any sale by a participant of Churchill Class A common stock is reported to the appropriate tax authorities as required by applicable law. When a participant sells or otherwise disposes of any shares of stock, an amount equal to the difference between the sale or other disposition price of such shares and the cost basis of such shares will be treated as a capital gain or loss. The cost basis of the shares is equal to the amount previously taxed as compensation income plus any amounts paid for the shares. The holding period of such shares begins on the date such shares are vested (or, where an election is made under Section 83(b), on the date they were issued). If the shares a participant sells at a gain are held for less than one year, a short-term capital gain will result and a participant will be subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates. For shares a participant sells at a gain that are held one year or longer, a long-term capital gain will result. If the shares a participant sells are sold at a loss because the cost basis of the shares exceeds the disposition price of the shares, the loss will be a capital loss, the use of which is limited on a participant’s individual federal income tax return.
Code Section 162(m): In general, under Code Section 162(m), income tax deductions for compensation paid by publicly-held corporations to named executive officers may be limited to the extent total compensation (including base salary, annual bonus, stock option exercises and non-qualified benefits paid) exceeds $1 million in any one year.
THE DISCUSSION ABOVE IS INTENDED ONLY AS A SUMMARY AND DOES NOT PURPORT TO BE A COMPLETE DISCUSSION OF ALL POTENTIAL TAX EFFECTS RELEVANT TO RECIPIENTS OF AWARDS UNDER THE INCENTIVE PLAN. AMONG OTHER ITEMS THIS DISCUSSION DOES NOT ADDRESS ARE TAX CONSEQUENCES UNDER THE LAWS OF
 
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ANY STATE, LOCALITY OR FOREIGN JURISDICTION, OR ANY TAX TREATIES OR CONVENTIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS. THIS DISCUSSION IS BASED UPON CURRENT LAW AND INTERPRETATIONAL AUTHORITIES WHICH ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AT ANY TIME.
New Plan Benefits
As of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, no awards (including stock options) have been granted under the Incentive Plan. Awards (including stock options) under the Incentive Plan may be made at the discretion of the Compensation Committee, and any awards (including stock options) that may be made and any benefits and amounts that may be received or allocated under the Incentive Plan in the future are not determinable at this time; however, it is expected that grants will be made shortly following the completion of the Merger, including to Jeffrey R. Tarr, who will serve as the chief executive officer of the Post-Combination Company, as set forth in the table below.
Churchill Capital Corp II 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan
Name and Position
Options
Restricted Stock Units
Jeffrey R. Tarr, CEO of the Post-Combination Company
1,000,000 2,000,000
Registration with the SEC
Churchill will file a Registration Statement on Form S-8 with the SEC with respect to the shares of Churchill Class A common stock to be offered and sold pursuant to the Incentive Plan as soon as reasonably practicable following stockholder approval and prior to the offering or sale of any such shares. In accordance with applicable Form S-8 requirements, such Registration Statement will not be filed prior to 60 days following the Closing.
Vote Required for Approval
If the Merger Proposal is not approved, the Incentive Plan Proposal will not be presented at the Churchill Special Meeting. The approval of the Incentive Plan Proposal requires the majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting.
Failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the Incentive Plan Proposal.
The Merger is conditioned upon the approval of the Incentive Plan Proposal, subject to the terms of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. Notwithstanding the approval of the Incentive Plan Proposal, if the Merger is not consummated for any reason, the actions contemplated by the Incentive Plan Proposal will not be effected.
The Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have agreed to vote the Founder Shares and any Public Shares owned by them in favor of the Incentive Plan Proposal. See “Other Agreements — Sponsor Agreement” for more information.
Recommendation of the Board of Directors
THE CHURCHILL BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT THE CHURCHILL STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE INCENTIVE PLAN PROPOSAL.
 
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PROPOSAL NO. 10 — THE ADJOURNMENT PROPOSAL
The Adjournment Proposal, if adopted, will allow the Churchill Board to adjourn the Churchill Special Meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary, to permit further solicitation of proxies if, based upon the tabulated vote at the time of the Churchill Special Meeting, there are not sufficient votes to approve the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal or the Incentive Plan Proposal, or we determine that one or more of the closing conditions under the Skillsoft Merger Agreement is not satisfied or waived. In no event will the Churchill Board adjourn the Churchill Special Meeting or consummate the Merger beyond the date by which it may properly do so under the Existing Charter and Delaware law.
Consequences if the Adjournment Proposal is not Approved
If the Adjournment Proposal is not approved by stockholders, the Churchill Board may not be able to adjourn the Churchill Special Meeting to a later date in the event that there are insufficient votes for the approval of the Merger Proposal, the Merger Issuance Proposal, the Charter Amendment Proposal, the Charter Approval Proposal, the Prosus PIPE Issuance Proposal, the SuRo PIPE Issuance Proposal or the Incentive Plan Proposal, or we determine that one or more of the closing conditions under the Skillsoft Merger Agreement is not satisfied or waived. If Churchill does not consummate the Merger and fails to complete an initial business combination within the Completion Window (subject to the requirements of law), Churchill will be required to dissolve and liquidate its trust account by returning the then remaining funds in such account to its public stockholders.
Vote Required for Approval
The approval of the Adjournment Proposal requires the majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting.
Failure to vote by proxy or to vote in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) at the Churchill Special Meeting, abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the Adjournment Proposal.
The Merger is not conditioned upon the approval of the Adjournment Proposal.
The Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have agreed to vote the Founder Shares and any Public Shares owned by them in favor of the Adjournment Proposal. See “Other Agreements — Sponsor Agreement” for more information.
Recommendation of the Board of Directors
THE CHURCHILL BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT THE CHURCHILL STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE ADJOURNMENT PROPOSAL.
 
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SKILLSOFT EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
In this section, “we”, “us”, and “our” refer to Skillsoft.
The Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting will be held at            Central European Time, on            , 2021, at            , subject to and in accordance with the September 2020 Law (as defined below). This proxy statement of Skillsoft, which is first being mailed to Skillsoft shareholders on or about            , 2021, asks you to complete, sign, date and mail the enclosed Proxy or Voting Form for use at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, for the purposes set forth in the foregoing convening notice, being:
(1)
Acknowledgement of the Skillsoft Merger Proposal and the mandatory reports — To acknowledge (i) the joint cross-border merger proposal providing for the absorption of the Company by Churchill (ii) the detailed written report of the board of directors of the Company and the detailed written report of the board of directors of the Acquiring Company, and (iii) the common independent expert’s report prepared by PKF Audit & Conseil as independent auditor (réviseur d’entreprises).
(2)
Documents available for inspection — To acknowledge that all the documents required by article 1021-7 of the Luxembourg law of 10 August 1915 on commercial companies, as amended, have been deposited at the Company’s registered office or on its website for due inspection by the shareholders at least one month before the date of the general meeting of shareholders of the Company resolving on the Skillsoft Merger Proposal.
(3)
Approval of the Merger and the Skillsoft Merger Proposal — To consider and to approve the Skillsoft Merger Proposal, the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the Merger;
(4)
The Skillsoft Charter Amendment Proposal — To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve, on a precatory basis to the extent permitted by applicable law, an amendment and restatement of Churchill’s certificate of incorporation in the form attached hereto as Annex C;
(5)
Effective date of the Merger and accounting treatment — To acknowledge (i) the effective date of the Merger between the parties and of the date of enforceability of the Merger towards third parties and (ii) the date from which the operations of the Company will be treated as having been carried out on behalf of Churchill from an accounting point of view.
(6)
Delegation of powers — To delegate powers to the Company’s board of directors to confirm the satisfaction of the condition precedents to the Merger.
(7)
Miscellaneous — Any other business.
Each Skillsoft Class A Share and Skillsoft Class B Share entitles the holder thereof to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting. You may vote if you are a registered shareholder of Shares on the date of the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting. As of            , 2021, the latest practicable date prior to the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, Skillsoft had 3,840,000 Skillsoft Class A Shares and 160,000 Skillsoft Class B Shares, in the aggregate, issued and outstanding and entitled to vote. Those persons who are holders of Skillsoft Shares or who otherwise have such meeting rights with respect to Skillsoft Shares on            , 2021 and who are registered as such in the Register may vote at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting and, if relevant, cast their vote at such meeting by returning a voting form, or authorize a person designated by Skillsoft to attend and, if relevant, vote at the meeting on their behalf through the use of a proxy.
After careful consideration, Skillsoft Board has determined that the Skillsoft Merger Proposal and the Skillsoft Charter Amendment Proposal are fair to and in the corporate interest of Skillsoft and its shareholders and unanimously recommends that you vote or give instruction to vote “FOR” the approval of the Skillsoft Merger Proposal, the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and the Merger and “FOR” the Skillsoft Charter Amendment Proposal.
Resolutions by the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting must be adopted by at least two-thirds of the value of the outstanding Skillsoft Shares, unless another standard of votes and/or a quorum is required by virtue of applicable law or our articles of association. Our articles of association require a quorum of
 
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at least a majority of the issued and outstanding Skillsoft Shares be present or represented at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting. In case the quorum is not met in the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, the Skillsoft shareholders may be convened a second time, provided that a quorum of at least a majority of the issued and outstanding Skillsoft Shares shall be required at any such second meeting. The affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the value of the outstanding Skillsoft Shares is required to adopt resolutions on the agenda items listed in this proxy statement for resolution at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting.
In light of public health concerns regarding the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, in order to prevent large gatherings due to the COVID-19 crisis and pursuant to the Luxembourg law of 23 September 2020 extending the measures regarding the meetings held by companies and other legal entities, as amended (the “September 2020 Law”), you will not be able to attend the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting in person. To ensure your representation at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, you are urged to complete, sign, date and return the enclosed Proxy or Voting Form as soon as possible. If your shares are held in an account at a brokerage firm or bank, you must instruct your broker or bank on how to vote your shares.
For all proposals, you may vote “FOR,” “AGAINST,” or “ABSTAIN.” Blank votes and invalid votes will be regarded as not having been cast. If you do not provide a valid Proxy or Voting Form, your Skillsoft Shares will not be voted and your Skillsoft Shares will not be considered present or represented for purposes of determining the presence of a quorum for the transaction of business at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting. A response to the relevant proposal with an “abstain” vote will count for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum for the transaction of business at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting, but will not count as a vote “FOR” or “AGAINST” each of the proposals listed for resolution in this proxy statement.
As of           , 2021, the latest practicable date prior to the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, no Skillsoft directors or executive officers beneficially owned or were otherwise entitled to vote any Skillsoft Shares (excluding any Skillsoft Shares that would be delivered upon exercise or conversion of stock options or other equity-based awards).
In connection with the execution of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, Churchill and Skillsoft entered into support agreements (each, a “Support Agreement” and collectively, the “Support Agreements”), substantially in the form attached to this joint proxy statement/prospectus as Annex E, with certain of the Skillsoft shareholders (collectively, the “Supporting Skillsoft Shareholders” and each, a “Supporting Skillsoft Shareholder”) that collectively hold Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares representing approximately 61% of the aggregate voting power of the outstanding Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares. Each Support Agreement provides, among other things, that the Supporting Skillsoft Shareholder will vote all of such Supporting Skillsoft Shareholders’ shares of Skillsoft in favor of the Skillsoft Merger. In addition, the Support Agreements (i) require each Supporting Skillsoft Shareholder to exercise their drag-along rights as promptly as practicable following the time that the registration statement becomes effective pursuant to the Skillsoft Shareholders’ Agreement to require all other Skillsoft shareholders to take all actions in connection with consummating the Merger as Skillsoft may reasonably request, including voting in favor of Skillsoft’s adoption of the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and (ii) prohibit the Supporting Skillsoft Shareholders from engaging in activities that have the effect of soliciting a competing “Alternative Proposal”. In accordance with and pursuant to the Support Agreements, the Supporting Skillsoft Shareholders will send a drag-along notice to all other Skillsoft shareholders following the time that the registration statement becomes effective.
Shareholders and interested persons may communicate with Skillsoft by any means of communication allowing for the transmission of written text (e.g., by hand with acknowledgement of receipt, by registered post, by special courier) or by e-mail at secretariat@exeq-partners.lu.
 
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INFORMATION ABOUT CHURCHILL
In this section “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Churchill prior to the Merger and to the Post-Combination Company following the Merger.
Introduction
Churchill is a blank check company incorporated on April 11, 2019 as a Delaware corporation and formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses, which is referred to as a “business combination”. Churchill’s efforts to identify a prospective target business were not limited to any particular industry or geographic region. Prior to executing the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, Churchill’s efforts were limited to organizational activities, completion of its initial public offering and the evaluation of possible business combinations. Churchill has neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenue to date. Based on our business activities, Churchill is a “shell company” as defined under the Exchange Act because it has no operations and nominal assets consisting almost entirely of cash.
Initial Public Offering and Simultaneous Private Placement
In May 2019, the Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 8,625,000 Founder Shares for an aggregate purchase price of $25,000, or approximately $0.003 per share. The Founder Shares will automatically convert into shares of Churchill Class A common stock, on a one-for-one basis, upon the completion of a business combination. On June 7, 2019, Churchill effected a stock dividend at one-third of one Founder Share for each outstanding Founder Share, resulting in an aggregate of 11,500,000 Founder Shares outstanding. On June 26, 2019, Churchill effected a further stock dividend of one-half of a Founder Share for each outstanding Founder Share, resulting in the Sponsor holding an aggregate of 17,250,000 Founder Share. All share and per-share amounts have been retroactively restated to reflect the stock dividends. The number of Founder Shares issued was determined based on the expectation that the Founder Shares would represent 20% of the outstanding shares of Churchill common stock upon completion of the Churchill IPO.
On July 1, 2019, Churchill consummated the Churchill IPO of 69,000,000 units, which included the full exercise by the underwriters of the over-allotment option, with each unit consisting of one share of Churchill Class A common stock and one third of one public warrant. Each whole public warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one share of Churchill Class A common stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The units were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds of $690,000,000. Concurrently with the consummation of the Churchill IPO, Churchill consummated the private placement of 15,800,000 private placement warrants to the Sponsor at a price of $1.00 per private placement warrant, generating total proceeds of $15,800,000. Each whole private placement warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one share of Churchill Class A common stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to certain adjustments.
After deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and the offering expenses, the total net proceeds to Churchill from the Churchill IPO and the sale of the private placement warrants were $690,000,000 (of which up to an additional $21,371,000 of deferred underwriting expenses may be paid upon the completion of a business combination) and $15,800,000, respectively. Of these amounts, $690,000,000 was deposited into a U.S.-based trust account (the “trust account”), with Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company acting as trustee, and invested in U.S. government securities, within the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act, with a maturity of 185 days or less or in any open-ended investment company that holds itself out as a money market fund selected by Churchill meeting the conditions of Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act, as determined by Churchill. Except as described in the prospectus for the Churchill IPO and described in the subsection below entitled “—Churchill’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” these proceeds will not be released until the earlier of the completion of an initial business combination and Churchill’s redemption of 100% of the outstanding Public Shares upon its failure to consummate a business combination within the Completion Window, except that interest earned on the trust account can be released to Churchill to fund working capital requirements, subject to an annual limit of  $250,000 and to pay its tax obligations.
 
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On July 23, 2019, Churchill announced that, commencing July 26, 2019, holders of the 69,000,000 units sold in the Churchill IPO may elect to separately trade the shares of Churchill Class A common stock and the public warrants included in the units. Those units not separated continued to trade on the NYSE under the symbol “CCX.U” and the shares of Churchill Class A common stock and public warrants that were separated trade under the symbols “CCX” and “CCX WS,” respectively.
Fair Market Value of Target Business
The NYSE rules require that Churchill’s initial business combination must occur with one or more operating businesses or assets with a fair market value equal to at least 80% of the net assets held in the trust account (net of amounts disbursed to management for working capital purposes and excluding the amount of any deferred underwriting discount held in trust) at the time of it signing a definitive agreement in connection with an initial business combination. The Churchill Board determined that this test was met in connection with the proposed Merger with Skillsoft as described in the section titled “The Merger” in this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Stockholder Approval of Merger
Under Churchill’s Existing Charter, in connection with any proposed business combination, Churchill must seek stockholder approval of an initial business combination at a meeting called for such purpose at which public stockholders may seek to redeem their Public Shares for cash, regardless of whether they vote for or against, or abstain from voting on, the proposed Merger, subject to the limitations described in the prospectus for the Churchill IPO. Accordingly, in connection with the Merger with Skillsoft, the Churchill public stockholders may seek to redeem their Public Shares for cash in accordance with the procedures set forth in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. If the Merger is not completed, then public stockholders electing to exercise their redemption rights will not be entitled to receive such payments. Pursuant to the terms of the Sponsor Agreement, the Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have agreed to waive their redemption rights with respect to any shares of Churchill common stock they may hold in connection with the completion of a business combination.
Churchill will complete the Merger only if holders of at least a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders present in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy at the Churchill Special Meeting vote in favor of the Merger. A majority of the voting power of the issued and outstanding common stock entitled to vote at the Churchill Special Meeting must be present, in person (which would include presence at a virtual meeting) or represented by proxy, at the Churchill Special Meeting to constitute a quorum and in order to conduct business at the Churchill Special Meeting. The Sponsor, who currently own approximately 20% of the issued and outstanding shares of Churchill common stock, will count towards this quorum.
Voting Agreements in Connection with the Churchill Special Meeting
Pursuant to the terms of the Sponsor Agreement, the Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have also agreed to vote any Founder Shares held by them and any Public Shares purchased during or after the Churchill IPO in favor of all of the proposals set forth in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. See “Other Agreements — Sponsor Agreement” for more information. The Sponsor owns 20% of Churchill’s outstanding common stock entitled to vote thereon. The quorum and voting thresholds at the Churchill Special Meeting and the Sponsor Agreement may make it more likely that Churchill will consummate the Merger.
At any time prior to the Churchill Special Meeting, during a period when they are not then aware of any material nonpublic information regarding Churchill or its securities, the Sponsor, Skillsoft and/or their respective affiliates may purchase shares from institutional and other investors who vote, or indicate an intention to vote, against the Merger Proposal, or execute agreements to purchase shares from such investors in the future, or they may enter into transactions with such investors and others to provide them with incentives to acquire shares of Churchill common stock or vote their shares in favor of the Merger Proposal. The purpose of such share purchases and other transactions would be to increase the likelihood of satisfaction of the requirements to consummate the Merger where it appears that such requirements would otherwise not be met. While the exact nature of any such incentives has not been determined as of the date of
 
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this joint proxy statement/prospectus, they might include, without limitation, arrangements to protect such investors or holders against potential loss in value of their shares, including the granting of put options and, with Skillsoft’s consent, the transfer to such investors or holders of shares or warrants owned by the Sponsor for nominal value. All shares repurchased by Churchill’s affiliates pursuant to such arrangements would be voted in favor of the proposed Merger. As of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus, no agreements dealing with the above have been entered into by the Sponsor, Skillsoft or their respective affiliates.
Liquidation if No Business Combination
Under Churchill’s Existing Charter, if Churchill does not complete a business combination within the Completion Window, Churchill will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem 100% of the outstanding Public Shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to Churchill to fund its working capital requirements, subject to an annual limit of $250,000, and/or to pay its taxes (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public stockholders’ rights as stockholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of Churchill’s remaining stockholders and the Churchill Board, dissolve and liquidate, subject to Churchill’s obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. At such time, the warrants will expire. There will be no redemption rights or liquidating distributions with respect to its warrants, which will expire worthless if Churchill fails to complete an initial business combination within the Completion Window.
The Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers have agreed to waive their rights to liquidating distributions from the trust account with respect to any Founder Shares held by them if Churchill fails to complete an initial business combination within the Completion Window. The Sponsor and Churchill’s directors and officers will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the trust account with respect to any Public Shares acquired in the aftermarket if Churchill fails to complete its initial business combination within the Completion Window.
The proceeds deposited in the trust account could, however, become subject to the claims of Churchill’s creditors which would be prior to the claims of the Churchill public stockholders. Although Churchill has obtained waiver agreements from certain vendors and service providers it has engaged and owes money to, and the prospective target businesses Churchill has negotiated with, whereby such parties have waived any right, title, interest or claim of any kind they may have in or to any monies held in the trust account, and although Churchill will seek such waivers from vendors it engages in the future, there is no guarantee that they or other vendors who did not execute such waivers will not seek recourse against the trust account notwithstanding such agreements. Accordingly, the actual per-share redemption price could be less than approximately $10.00, plus interest, due to claims of creditors. Additionally, if Churchill is forced to file a bankruptcy case or an involuntary bankruptcy case is filed against it which is not dismissed, the proceeds held in the trust account could be subject to applicable bankruptcy law, and may be included in Churchill’s bankruptcy estate and subject to the claims of third parties with priority over the claims of Churchill’s stockholders. To the extent any bankruptcy claims deplete the trust account, Churchill cannot assure you it will be able to return to the Churchill public stockholders at least approximately $10.00 per share. Churchill’s public stockholders are entitled to receive funds from the trust account only in the event of its failure to complete a business combination within the Completion Windows or if the stockholders properly seek to have Churchill redeem their respective shares for cash upon a business combination which is actually completed by Churchill. In no other circumstances does a stockholder have any right or interest of any kind to or in the trust account.
Under the DGCL, stockholders may be held liable for claims by third parties against a corporation to the extent of distributions received by them in a dissolution. The portion of Churchill’s trust account distributed to the Churchill public stockholders upon the redemption of 100% of its outstanding Public Shares in the event Churchill does not complete its initial business combination within the Completion
 
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Window may be considered a liquidation distribution under Delaware law. If the corporation complies with certain procedures set forth in Section 280 of the DGCL intended to ensure that it makes reasonable provision for all claims against it, including a 60-day notice period during which any third-party claims can be brought against the corporation, a 90-day period during which the corporation may reject any claims brought, and an additional 150-day waiting period before any liquidating distributions are made to stockholders, any liability of stockholders with respect to a liquidating distribution is limited to the lesser of such stockholder’s pro rata share of the claim or the amount distributed to the stockholder, and any liability of the stockholder would be barred after the third anniversary of the dissolution.
Furthermore, if the portion of Churchill’s trust account distributed to the Churchill public stockholders upon the redemption of 100% of its Public Shares in the event Churchill does not complete its initial business combination within the Completion Window is not considered a liquidation distribution under Delaware law and such redemption distribution is deemed to be unlawful, then pursuant to Section 174 of the DGCL, the statute of limitations for claims of creditors could then be six-years after the unlawful redemption distribution, instead of three years, as in the case of a liquidation distribution. If Churchill is unable to complete a business combination within the prescribed time frame, it will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem 100% of the outstanding Public Shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to Churchill to fund its working capital requirements, subject to an annual limit of $250,000, and/or to pay its taxes (less up to $100,000 of interest to pay dissolution expenses), divided by the number of then outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public stockholders’ rights as stockholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of Churchill’s remaining stockholders and the Churchill Board, dissolve and liquidate, subject to Churchill’s obligations under Delaware law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. Accordingly, if a business combination does not occur, it is Churchill’s intention to redeem its Public Shares as soon as reasonably possible following the expiration of the time periods described above and, therefore, Churchill does not intend to comply with the procedures required by Section 280 of the DGCL, which would limit the amount and duration of Churchill’s stockholders’ liability with respect to liquidating distributions as described above. As such, Churchill’s stockholders could potentially be liable for any claims to the extent of distributions received by them (but no more) and any liability of Churchill’s stockholders may extend well beyond the third anniversary of such date.
Because Churchill will not be complying with Section 280 of the DGCL, Section 281(b) of the DGCL requires Churchill to adopt a plan, based on facts known to it at such time that will provide for its payment of all existing and pending claims or claims that may be potentially brought against it within the subsequent 10 years. However, because Churchill is a blank check company, rather than an operating company, and Churchill’s operations will be limited to searching for prospective target businesses to acquire, the only likely claims to arise would be from its vendors (such as lawyers, investment bankers, etc.) or prospective target businesses.
Churchill will pay the costs of any subsequent liquidation from its remaining assets outside of the trust account. If such funds are insufficient, the Sponsor has agreed to advance the funds necessary to complete such liquidation (currently anticipated to be no more than approximately $100,000) and not to seek repayment for such expenses.
Facilities
Churchill currently maintains its principal executive offices at 640 Fifth Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10019 and maintains other offices as provided to it by its officers. The cost for this space is included in the $20,000 per-month aggregate fee an affiliate of the Sponsor charges Churchill for general and administrative services pursuant to an agreement between Churchill and such affiliate of the Sponsor. Churchill believes, based on rents and fees for similar services in the relevant areas, that the fee charged by such affiliate of the Sponsor is at least as favorable as Churchill could have obtained from an unaffiliated person. Churchill considers its current office space, combined with the other office space otherwise available to its executive officers, adequate for its current operations.
 
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Upon consummation of the Merger, the principal executive offices of Churchill will be those of Skillsoft, at which time nothing more will be paid to such affiliate of the Sponsor.
Legal Proceedings
There is no material litigation, arbitration, governmental proceeding or any other legal proceeding currently pending or known to be contemplated against Churchill or any of Churchill’s directors and officers, and Churchill has not been subject to any such proceeding in the 10 years preceding the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Periodic Reporting and Audited Financial Statements
Churchill has registered its securities under the Exchange Act and has reporting obligations, including the requirement to file annual and quarterly reports with the SEC. In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, Churchill’s annual reports contain financial statements audited and reported on by Churchill’s independent registered public accounting firm.
Employees
Churchill has two executive officers. These individuals are not obligated to devote any specific number of hours to Churchill’s matters, but they intend to devote as much of their time as they deem necessary to Churchill’s affairs until Churchill has completed its initial business combination. Churchill does not intend to have any full time employees prior to the consummation of a business combination.
 
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MANAGEMENT OF CHURCHILL
Directors and Executive Officers
Churchill’s current directors and executive officers are as follows:
Name
Age
Title
Michael Klein
57 Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors
Peter Seibold
56 Chief Financial Officer
Jeremy Paul Abson
53 Director
Glenn R. August
59 Director
Dena J. Brumpton
57 Director
Mark Klein
59 Director
Malcolm S. McDermid
42 Director
Karen G. Mills
67 Director
Michael Klein is Churchill’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman. Mr. Klein currently serves as Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Boards of Directors of Churchill Capital Corp IV, Churchill Capital Corp V, Churchill Capital Corp VI and Churchill Capital Corp VII, each of which is a blank check company whose sponsor is an affiliate of M. Klein and Company, LLC, Director of Credit Suisse Group AG and Credit Suisse AG. Mr. Klein was the co-founder and Chairman of Churchill Capital Corp, a blank check company formed in 2018. Churchill Capital Corp merged with Clarivate Analytics in May 2019, and Mr. Klein served on the board of directors of Clarivate Analytics until 2020. Mr. Klein was also the founder, Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Churchill Capital Corp III, a blank check company formed in 2019. Churchill Capital Corp III merged with MultiPlan, Inc. in October 2020, and Mr. Klein currently serves on the board of directors of MultiPlan, Inc. Mr. Klein is the founder and managing partner of M. Klein and Company, which he founded in 2012. M. Klein and Company is a global strategic advisory firm that provides its clients a variety of advice tailored to their objectives. Mr. Klein is a strategic advisor to global companies, boards of directors, senior executives, governments and institutional investors. Mr. Klein’s background in strategic advisory work was built during his 30-year career, including more than two decades at Citi and its predecessors, during which he initiated and executed strategic advisory transactions. He began his career as an investment banker in the M&A Advisory Group at Salomon Smith Barney and subsequently became Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer of Citi Markets and Banking, with responsibilities for global corporate and investment banking and Global Transaction Services across Citi. Mr. Klein is a graduate of The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned his Bachelors of Science in Economics with concentrations in finance and accounting. Mr. Klein was selected to serve on the Churchill Board due to his significant investment banking and advisory experience.
Peter Seibold is Churchill’s Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Seibold is a managing director at M. Klein and Company, a global strategic advisory firm, which he joined in 2015. During that time, he has worked on a variety of transactions including notable mergers of public companies, hostile and activist defense assignments, bespoke project finance and joint venture agreements as well as both buy side and sell side M&A engagements. Prior to joining M. Klein and Company, Mr. Seibold served as a senior investment banker at Evercore from 2010 to 2014. Prior to Evercore, Mr. Seibold held a variety of senior roles in investment banking and equity capital markets at Goldman Sachs, providing clients unique insights from 1988 to 2008. Mr. Seibold holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from the University of Chicago and a M.B.A. from The University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
Jeremy Paul Abson is a Director of Churchill and previously was a Director of Churchill Capital Corp III. He is currently the President and CFO of TBG AG, an investment company located in Zurich, Switzerland. Mr. Abson has more than 20 years’ experience in financial and general management. Prior to joining TGB AG, Mr. Abson was the Chief Operating Officer of Usaha Tegas Sdn Bhd (“UTSB”), a multi-billion investment company which had significant interests in the telecommunications, media, power,
 
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energy, marine logistics and real estate sectors. Prior to working at UTSB, Mr. Abson was a Partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers. Mr. Abson holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Manchester University, UK, and is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. He also completed the Advanced Management Program at the Harvard Business School in October 2011.
Glenn R. August is a Director of Churchill and is also a Director of Churchill Capital Corp IV, Churchill Capital Corp V, Churchill Capital Corp VI, Churchill Capital Corp VII and MultiPlan, Inc. Mr. August is the Founder, Senior Partner and Chief Executive Officer of Oak Hill Advisors. In addition, he serves as global head of the firm’s distressed investment business. Mr. August has played leadership roles in numerous restructurings and served on numerous public and private company boards since 1987. Since 1996, he co-founded each of Oak Hill Advisors’ funds, where he serves as Managing Partner. He co-founded the predecessor firm to Oak Hill Advisors in 1987 and took over responsibility for its credit and distressed investment activities in 1990. Mr. August earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Cornell University and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School, where he was a Baker Scholar.
Dena J. Brumpton is a Director of Churchill and also serves on the Board of Directors of Churchill Capital Corp V. Ms. Brumpton is currently a Non-Executive Director of Leathwaite Human Capital Limited, Non-Executive Director of Scottish Widows Schroder Wealth Holdings Limited where she chairs the Audit and Risk Committees in addition to being a member of the Remuneration Committee and Non-Executive Director of Maitland International Holdings Limited. Previously, she was the CEO for Barclays Savings, Investments and Wealth Management. Prior to Barclays, over the course of thirty years, Ms. Brumpton held various roles at Citigroup where she held several senior leadership positions in Asset Management, Corporate and Investment Banking and most recently Private Banking and Wealth Management, where she was Global Chief Operating Officer for the Private Bank.
Mark Klein is a Director of Churchill and serves on the Boards of Directors of Churchill Capital Corp IV, Churchill Capital Corp V, Churchill Capital Corp VI, Churchill Capital Corp VII and previously was a Director of Churchill Capital Corp III. He is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Sutter Rock Capital, and has been a director of Sutter Rock Capital since 2011. Since 2010, Mr. Klein has served as a Managing Member and Majority Partner of M. Klein and Company, LLC. Mr. Klein also serves on the Board of Directors for Atlantic Alliance Partnership Corp. and has served as an investment adviser at B. Riley Wealth Management since April 2012. Mr. Klein was a Director of National Holding Corporations from 2011 to 2014, where he also served as Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman from March 2013 to December 2014. He served as a director of New University Holdings Corp., from its inception in 2010 through August 2011, when New University Holdings Corp. merged with ePals, Inc. In addition, from April 2010 until May 2011, Mr. Klein served as the Chief Executive Officer and President and a Director of 57th Street General Acquisition Corp. until it completed a merger with Crumbs Bake Shop. Subsequently, Mr. Klein served as a member of the Board of Directors of Crumbs from May 2011 to March 2014. Mr. Klein has a Bachelor’s degree, with high distinction, in Business Administration from Emory University and an MBA from the J. L. Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University.
Malcolm S. McDermid is a Director of Churchill and a Director of Churchill Capital Corp IV, Churchill Capital Corp VI, Churchill Capital Corp VII and previously was a Director of Churchill Capital Corp III and Churchill Capital Corp. Mr. McDermid is also a Managing Director with Emerson Collective where he has led Emerson Collective’s venture capital investing efforts since August 2017. He was previously a Partner with Andreessen Horowitz, a venture capital firm based in Menlo Park, California from March 2013 to July 2017. Prior to Andreessen Horowitz, Mr. McDermid was a Director with Stifel Nicolaus, formerly Thomas Weisel Partners, a technology focused investment bank in San Francisco. He began his career at Citigroup as a financial analyst. Mr. McDermid received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Computer Science and Quantitative Economics from Tufts University and a Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy from the Fletcher School at Tufts University.
Karen G. Mills is a Director of Churchill and serves on the Boards of Directors of Churchill Capital Corp IV, Churchill Capital Corp V, Churchill Capital Corp VI and Churchill Capital Corp VII. She was previously a Director of Clarivate Plc from May 2019 until January 2021 and Churchill Capital Corp III. Ms. Mills is also a Senior Fellow at the Harvard Business School since January 2014, focusing on economic policy, U.S. competitiveness, entrepreneurship and innovation. Ms. Mills was a member of President Barack Obama’s Cabinet, serving as the Administrator of the U.S. Small Business Administration from
 
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April 2009 to August 2013. Ms. Mills is the President of MMP Group since October 1993, which invests in financial services, consumer products and technology-enabled solutions businesses. Ms. Mills is Vice Chair of the immigration services company Envoy Global since September 2014. She also serves as Chair of the Advisory Committee for the Private Capital Research Institute since March 2017. Ms. Mills holds an A.B. degree in Economics from Harvard University, Magna Cum Laude, and earned an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.
Management Compensation
None of Churchill’s executive officers or directors have received any cash compensation for services rendered to Churchill. Churchill pays monthly recurring expenses of $20,000 to an affiliate of the Sponsor for office space, administrative and support services. Upon completion of the initial business combination or our liquidation, Churchill will cease paying these monthly fees. Accordingly, in the event the consummation of the initial business combination takes the maximum 27 months, an affiliate of the Sponsor will be paid a total of $540,000 ($20,000 per month) for office space, administrative and support services and will be entitled to be reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses.
The Sponsor, directors and officers or any of their respective affiliates will be reimbursed for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with activities on its behalf such as identifying potential target businesses and performing due diligence on suitable business combinations. Churchill’s audit committee reviews on a quarterly basis all payments that were made by Churchill to its Sponsor, officers, directors or its or any of their respective affiliates and determines which expenses and the amount of expenses that will be reimbursed. There is no cap or ceiling on the reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses incurred by such persons in connection with activities on Churchill’s behalf.
Churchill does not intend to take any action to ensure that members of its management team maintain their positions with Churchill after the consummation of its initial business combination, although it is possible that some or all of its directors and officers may negotiate employment or consulting arrangements to remain with it after the initial business combination. Churchill is not party to any agreements with its directors and officers that provide for benefits upon termination of employment.
See also “The Merger — Interests of Churchill’s Directors and Officers in the Merger.”
Code of Ethics
In July 2019, the Churchill Board adopted a code of ethics that applies to all of Churchill’s executive officers, directors and employees. The code of ethics codifies the business and ethical principles that govern all aspects of Churchill’s business. Churchill will provide, without charge, upon request, copies of its code of ethics. Requests for copies of Churchill’s code of ethics should be sent in writing to Churchill Capital Corp II, 640 Fifth Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10019.
 
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SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF CHURCHILL
The following table contains selected historical financial data for Churchill as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020 and as of December 31, 2019 and for the period from April 11, 2019 (inception) through December 31, 2019. Such data has been derived from the restated audited financial statements of Churchill, which are included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The restatement is more fully described in Note 2 to Churchill’s financial statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The information below is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the sections entitled “Information About Churchill” and “Churchill’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in Churchill’s financial statements, and the notes and schedules related thereto, which are included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. You should not assume the results of operations for past periods indicate results for any future period. All amounts are in U.S. dollars. Certain amounts that appear in this section may not sum due to rounding. 
Churchill has neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenue to date. Churchill’s only activities from inception through December 31, 2020 were organizational activities and those necessary to complete its initial public offering and identifying a target company for a business combination. Churchill does not expect to generate any operating revenue until after the completion of the Merger.
For the
Year Ended
December 31,
For the
Period from
April 11,
2019
(Inception)
Through
December 31,
2020
2019
Income Statement Data:
Net income (loss)
$ (72,459,185) $ (14,682,592)
Less: Income attributable to common stock subject to possible redemption
(1,525,296) (4,868,674)
Adjusted net income (loss)
$ (73,984,481) $ (19,551,226)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted(1)
27,526,131 21,438,529
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common
share
$ (2.68) $ (0.91)
(1)
Excludes an aggregate of 53,712,502 and 61,025,925 shares subject to possible redemption at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
December 31, 2020
December 31, 2019
Balance Sheet Data (end of period):
Cash
$ 3,873,865 $ 2,238,275
Prepaid income taxes
27,140
Prepaid expenses
94,299 275,525
Marketable securities held in Trust Account
696,957,196 695,295,418
Total assets
700,925,360 697,836,358
Total liabilities
153,546,310 77,998,123
Common stock subject to possible redemption
542,379,042 614,838,229
Total stockholders’ equity
5,000,010 5,000,006
 
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CHURCHILL’S MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with “Summary Historical Financial Data for Churchill,” “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements,” “Selected Historical Financial Information of Churchill” and Churchill’s consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. Certain statements in this “Churchill’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements regarding Churchill’s plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Churchill’s future results and financial condition may differ materially from those currently anticipated as a result of the factors described under sections titled “Forward-Looking Statements; Market, Ranking and Other Industry Data” and “Risk Factors.” “We,” “us,” and “our” as used herein refer to Churchill prior to the consummation of the Merger and to the Post-Combination Company following the consummation of the Merger.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations has been amended and restated to give effect to the restatement and revision of Churchill's financial statements. Churchill restated its historical financial results to reclassify its Derivative Instruments as derivative liabilities pursuant to ASC 815-40 rather than as a component of equity as Churchill had previously treated them. The impact of the restatement is reflected in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations below. The impact of the restatement is more fully described in Note 2 to Churchill's financial statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Overview
Churchill is a blank check company formed under the laws of the State of Delaware for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses. Churchill intends to effectuate the Merger using cash from the proceeds of the Churchill IPO and the sale of the private placement warrants, Churchill’s capital stock, debt or a combination of cash, stock and debt.
The issuance of additional shares of Churchill’s stock in a business combination:

may significantly dilute the equity interest of investors, which dilution would increase if the anti-dilution provisions in the Churchill Class B common stock resulted in the issuance of shares of Churchill Class A common stock on a greater than one-to-one basis upon conversion of the Churchill Class B common stock;

may subordinate the rights of holders of common stock if preferred stock is issued with rights senior to those afforded our common stock;

could cause a change of control if a substantial number of shares of our common stock are issued, which may affect, among other things, our ability to use Churchill’s net operating loss carry forwards, if any, and could result in the resignation or removal of Churchill’s present officers and directors;

may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of Churchill by diluting the stock ownership or voting rights of a person seeking to obtain control of Churchill; and

may adversely affect prevailing market prices for Churchill Class A common stock and/or warrants.
Similarly, if Churchill issues debt securities or otherwise incurs significant indebtedness, it could result in:

default and foreclosure on Churchill’s assets if its operating revenues after a business combination are insufficient to repay its debt obligations;

acceleration of Churchill’s obligations to repay the indebtedness even if it makes all principal and interest payments when due if it breaches certain covenants that require the maintenance of certain financial ratios or reserves without a waiver or renegotiation of that covenant;

Churchill’s immediate payment of all principal and accrued interest, if any, if the debt is payable on demand;
 
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Churchill’s inability to obtain necessary additional financing if the debt contains covenants restricting its ability to obtain such financing while the debt is outstanding;

Churchill’s inability to pay dividends on its common stock;

using a substantial portion of Churchill’s cash flow to pay principal and interest on its debt, which will reduce the funds available for dividends on its common stock if declared, expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;

limitations on Churchill’s flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in its business and in the industry in which it operates;

increased vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions and adverse changes in government regulation; and

limitations on Churchill’s ability to borrow additional amounts for expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, execution of its strategy and other purposes and other disadvantages compared to its competitors who have less debt.
Results of Operations
Churchill has neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenues to date. Churchill’s only activities through December 31, 2020 were organizational activities, those necessary to prepare for the Churchill IPO, described below, and, after the Churchill IPO, identifying a target company for a business combination. Churchill does not expect to generate any operating revenues until after the completion of the Merger. Churchill generates non-operating income in the form of interest income on marketable securities held in the trust account. Churchill incurs expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as for due diligence expenses.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, Churchill had a net loss of $72,459,185, which consists of operating costs of $2,906,903, a loss on conversion option liability of $1,604,359, a loss on the Prosus Subscription Agreement of $50,481,190, a loss on warrant liability of $21,498,000, and a provision for income taxes of $486,761, offset by reimbursement of transaction expenses of $2,000,000, interest income on marketable securities held in the trust account of $2,516,752 and an unrealized gain on marketable securities held in the trust account of $1,276.
For the period from April 11, 2019 (inception) through December 31, 2019, Churchill had a net loss of $14,682,592, which consists of formation and operating costs of $744,859, transaction costs of $1,125,634, a loss on warrant liability of $18,250,000 and a provision for income taxes of $1,247,517, offset by interest income on marketable securities held in the trust account of $6,639,430 and an unrealized gain on marketable securities held in the trust account of $45,988.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
On July 1, 2019, Churchill consummated the initial public offering of 69,000,000 Units at a price of $10.00 per Unit, which includes the full exercise by the underwriters of the over-allotment option, at $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $690,000,000. Simultaneously with the closing of the Churchill IPO, Churchill consummated the sale of 15,800,000 private placement warrants to the Sponsor at a price of $1.00 per warrant, generating gross proceeds of $15,800,000.
Following the Churchill IPO, the exercise of the over-allotment option and the sale of the private placement warrants, a total of $690,000,000 was placed in the trust account. Churchill incurred $34,319,807 in transaction costs, including $12,212,000 of underwriting fees, $21,371,000 of deferred underwriting fees and $736,807 of other costs.
As of December 31, 2020, Churchill had marketable securities held in the trust account of $696,957,196 (including approximately $6,957,000 of interest income and unrealized losses) consisting of U.S. Treasury Bills with a maturity of 180 days or less. Interest income on the balance in the trust account may be used by Churchill to pay taxes. Through December 31, 2020, Churchill withdrew $2,246,250 of interest earned on the trust account to pay Churchill’s income taxes and for permitted withdrawals, of which $856,250 was withdrawn during the year ended December 31, 2020.
 
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For the year ended December 31, 2020, cash used in operating activities was $720,660. Net loss of $72,459,185 was affected by interest earned on marketable securities held in the trust account of $2,516,752, an unrealized gain on marketable securities held in Churchill’s trust account of $1,276, a deferred tax benefit of $8,681, a loss on conversion option liability of $1,604,359, a loss on the Prosus Subscription Agreement of $50,481,190, and a non-cash charge loss on warrant liabilities of $21,498,000. Changes in operating assets and liabilities provided $681,685 of cash for operating activities.
For the period from April 11, 2019 (inception) through December 31, 2019, cash used in operating activities was $2,027,918. Net loss of $14,682,592 was affected by interest earned on marketable securities held in the trust account of $6,639,430, an unrealized gain on marketable securities held in Churchill’s trust account of $45,988, a deferred tax provision of $9,657, transaction costs related to the Churchill IPO of $1,125,634 and a non-cash charge loss on warrant liabilities of $18,250,000. Changes in operating assets and liabilities used $45,199 of cash for operating activities.
Churchill intends to use substantially all of the funds held in the trust account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the trust account (less deferred underwriting commissions and income taxes payable), to complete the business combination. To the extent that Churchill’s capital stock or debt is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete the business combination, the remaining proceeds held in the trust account will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business or businesses, make other acquisitions and pursue Churchill’s growth strategies.
As of December 31, 2020, Churchill had cash of $3,873,865 held outside the trust account. Churchill intends to use the funds held outside the trust account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structure, negotiate and complete a business combination.
On November 2, 2020, Churchill issued a note in the principal amount of up to $1,500,000 to the Sponsor (the “2020 Note”) in order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with a business combination. The 2020 Note bears no interest and is repayable in full upon consummation of the initial business combination. The Sponsor has the option to convert any unpaid balance of the 2020 Note into Working Capital Warrants equal to the principal amount of the 2020 Note so converted divided by $1.00. The terms of any such Working Capital Warrants will be identical to the terms of the private placement warrants. If Churchill completes an initial business combination, it would repay such loaned amounts to the extent they are not converted into Working Capital Warrants. In the event that an initial business combination does not close, Churchill may use a portion of the working capital held outside the trust account to repay such loaned amounts but no proceeds from the trust account would be used for such repayment. As of December 31, 2020, Churchill had borrowed an aggregate amount of $1.5 million under the 2020 Note.
Churchill does not believe it will need to raise additional funds in order to meet the expenditures required for operating the business. However, if Churchill’s estimate of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating a Merger are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, Churchill may have insufficient funds available to operate the business prior to the business combination. Moreover, Churchill may need to obtain additional financing either to complete the business combination or because Churchill becomes obligated to redeem a significant number of Churchill’s Public Shares upon consummation of the business combination, in which case Churchill may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such business combination. Subject to compliance with applicable securities laws, Churchill would only complete such financing simultaneously with the completion of the business combination. If Churchill is unable to complete the business combination because Churchill does not have sufficient funds available to us, Churchill will be forced to cease operations and liquidate the trust account. In addition, following the business combination, if cash on hand is insufficient, Churchill may need to obtain additional financing in order to meet its obligations.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Churchill did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2020.
 
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Contractual Obligations
Churchill does not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations or long-term liabilities, other than an agreement to pay an affiliate of the Sponsor a monthly fee of $20,000 for office space, administrative and support services to Churchill. Churchill began incurring these fees on June 26, 2019 and will continue to incur these fees monthly until the earlier of the completion of an initial business combination and its liquidation.
The underwriters are entitled to a deferred fee of $21,371,000 in the aggregate. The deferred fee will be waived by the underwriters in the event that Churchill does not complete a business combination, subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement. On July 1, 2019, the underwriters agreed to waive the upfront and deferred underwriting discount on 7,940,000 units, resulting in a reduction of the upfront and deferred underwriting discount of $1,588,000 and $2,779,000, respectively.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of condensed financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and income and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. Churchill has identified the following critical accounting policies:
Derivative Instruments
Churchill accounts for the Derivative Instruments in accordance with the guidance contained in
ASC 815-40-15-7D and 7F under which the Derivative Instruments do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and must be recorded as liabilities. Accordingly, Churchill classifies the Derivative Instruments as liabilities at their fair value and adjusts the Derivative Instruments to fair value at each reporting period. This liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in Churchill's statement of operations. The private placement warrants and the public warrants for periods where no observable traded prices was available are valued using a Monte Carlo simulation. For periods subsequent to the detachment of the public warrants from the Churchill units, the public warrant quoted market price was used as the fair value as of each relevant date. The fair value of the 2020 Note and the Prosus Subscription Agreement were estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation approach.
Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption
Churchill accounts for its common stock subject to possible conversion in accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Common stock subject to mandatory redemption is classified as a liability instrument and measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable common stock (including common stock that features redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within Churchill’s control) is classified as temporary equity. At all other times, common stock is classified as stockholders’ equity. Churchill common stock features certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of Churchill’s control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, common stock subject to possible redemption is presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders’ equity section of Churchill’s condensed balance sheets.
Net Loss Per Common Share
Churchill applies the two-class method in calculating earnings per share. Common stock subject to possible redemption which is not currently redeemable and is not redeemable at fair value, has been excluded from the calculation of basic net loss per common share since such shares, if redeemed, only participate in their pro rata share of the trust account earnings. Churchill’s net income is adjusted for the portion of income that is attributable to common stock subject to possible redemption, as these shares only participate in the earnings of the trust account and not Churchill’s income or losses.
 
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Recent Accounting Standards
Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards if currently adopted would have a material effect on the accompanying financial statements.
JOBS Act
On April 5, 2012, the JOBS Act was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, relax certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies. Churchill qualifies as an “emerging growth company” and under the JOBS Act is allowed to comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements based on the effective date for private (not publicly traded) companies. Churchill is electing to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards, and as a result, Churchill may not comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. As a result, Churchill’s financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.
Additionally, Churchill in the process of evaluating the benefits of relying on the other reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, if, as an “emerging growth company”, Churchill chooses to rely on such exemptions, Churchill may not be required to, among other things: (1) provide an auditor’s attestation report on Churchill’s system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; (2) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act; (3) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the PCAOB regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis); and (4) disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the CEO’s compensation to median employee compensation. These exemptions will apply for a period of five years following the completion of the Churchill IPO or until Churchill is no longer an “emerging growth company,” whichever is earlier.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
As of December 31, 2020, Churchill was not subject to any market or interest rate risk. Following the consummation of the Churchill IPO, the net proceeds of the Churchill IPO, including amounts in the trust account, have been invested in U.S. government treasury bills, notes or bonds with a maturity of 180 days or less or in certain money market funds that invest solely in U.S. treasuries. Due to the short-term nature of these investments, Churchill believes there will be no associated material exposure to interest rate risk.
 
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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
AND MANAGEMENT
The following table and accompanying footnotes set forth information with respect to (i) the beneficial ownership of Churchill Class A common stock and Churchill Class B common stock, as of April 28, 2021, the record date for the Churchill Special Meeting, and (ii) the expected beneficial ownership of Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company immediately following the Merger, assuming that no Public Shares are redeemed, and alternatively that the maximum number of Public Shares are redeemed, by:

each person who is the beneficial owner of more than 5% of issued and outstanding shares of Churchill common stock or of common stock of the Post-Combination Company;

each of our current executive officers and directors that beneficially own Churchill common stock;

each person who is expected to become an executive officer or director of the Post-Combination Company; and

all executive officers and directors that beneficially own Churchill common stock as a group pre-Merger and all executive officers and directors of the Post-Combination Company post-Merger.
As of April 28, 2021, Churchill had 69,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock outstanding and 17,250,000 shares of Churchill Class B common stock outstanding, owned by the Sponsor. The number of shares of Churchill common stock and the percentages of beneficial ownership pre-Merger are based on the number of shares of Churchill common stock issued and outstanding as of April 28, 2021.
The expected beneficial ownership of shares of Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company assuming No Redemptions in the table below has been determined based upon 165,750,000 shares of Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company outstanding.
The expected beneficial ownership of shares of Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company assuming Maximum Redemptions in the table below has been determined based upon 110,011,664 shares of Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company outstanding, based on the assumption that the public stockholders holding approximately 80.8% of the Public Shares exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares and that the public stockholders listed in the table below exercise the redemption rights with respect to their shares. This scenario assumes that 55,738,336 Public Shares are redeemed for an aggregate redemption payment of approximately $563.0 million. See “Summary — Ownership of the Post-Combination Company” and “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information”.
The expected beneficial ownership of shares of Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company also assumes:
(i)
no exercise of the public warrants that will remain outstanding following the Merger, which will become exercisable at the holder’s option 30 days after the closing of the Merger at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, provided that the Post-Combination Company has an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the shares of Class A common stock of the Post-Combination Company issuable upon exercise of the public warrants or private placement warrants and a current prospectus relating to them is available, which are not expected to occur within 60 days of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus; and
(ii)
51,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock are issued in connection with the Prosus PIPE Investment and the SuRo PIPE Investment immediately prior to the closing of the Merger (notwithstanding the fact that there can be no assurance that the Second Step Prosus Investment will be consummated at the closing of the Merger or thereafter); and
(iii)
no exercise of the Prosus Warrants.
Beneficial ownership for the purposes of the following table is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. A person is a “beneficial owner” of a security if that person has or shares “voting power,” which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting of the security, or “investment power,” which includes the power to dispose of or to direct the disposition of the security or has the right to acquire such powers within 60 days.
 
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Unless otherwise noted in the footnotes to the following table, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons and entities named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to their beneficially owned common stock.
Pre-Merger
Post-Combination Company
Class A
Class B
Class A
No Redemptions
Maximum
Redemptions
Name of Beneficial Owner(1)
Number of
Shares
Beneficially
Owned
Percentage of
Class
Number of
Shares
Beneficially
Owned(2)
Percentage of
Class
Number
of Shares
Beneficially
Owned
Percentage
of Class
Number
of Shares
Beneficially
Owned
Percentage
of Class
Principal Stockholders of Churchill:
Churchill Sponsor II LLC(3)
17,250,000 100.0% 17,250,000 10.4% 17,250,000 15.7%
Millennium Management LLC (4)
4,305,445 6.2% 4,305,445 2.6% 4,305,445 3.9%
Citadel Advisors LLC(5)
4,907,643 7.1% 4,907,643 3.0% 4,907,643 4.5%
Magnetar Financial LLC(6)
5,000,000 7.2% 5,000,000 3.0% 5,000,000 4.5%
Directors and Named Executive Officers of Churchill:
Michael Klein(3)
17,250,000 100.0% 17,250,000 10.4% 17,250,000 15.7%
Peter Seibold
Jeremy Paul Abson
Glenn R. August
Dena J. Brumpton
Mark Klein
Malcolm S. McDermid
Karen G. Mills
Directors and executive officers as a group (8 individuals)
17,250,000 100.0% 17,250,000 10.4% 17,250,000 15.7%
Principal Stockholders of Post-Combination Company:
MIH Learning B.V.(7)
50,000,000 30.2% 50,000,000 45.5%
Directors and Named Executive Officers of Post-Combination Company:
Jeffrey R. Tarr
Helena B. Foulkes
Ronald W. Hovsepian
Michael Klein(3)
17,250,000 100.0% 17,250,000 10.4% 17,250,000 15.7%
Karen G. Mills
Peter Schmitt
Lawrence H. Summers
Directors and executive officers as a group (7 individuals)
17,250,000 100.0% 17,250,000 10.4% 17,250,000 15.7%
*
Less than one percent.
(1)
This table is based on 86,250,000 shares of Churchill common stock outstanding at April 28, 2021, of which 69,000,000 were shares of Churchill Class A common stock and 17,250,000 were shares of Churchill Class B common stock. Except as described in the footnotes below and subject to applicable community property laws and similar laws, Churchill believes that each person listed above has sole voting and investment power with respect to such shares. Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each of the following entities or individuals is c/o Churchill Capital Corp II, 640 Fifth Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10019.
(2)
Shares of Churchill Class B common stock are referred to as “Founder Shares”. The Founder Shares will convert into Churchill Class A common stock at the time of the Merger, or earlier at the option of the holder, on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment. Beneficial ownership of Churchill Class B
 
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common stock reflected in this table has not been also reflected as beneficial ownership of Churchill Class A common stock into which such shares may be converted.
(3)
The shares beneficially owned by Churchill Sponsor II LLC, the Sponsor, may also be deemed to be beneficially owned by Mr. Klein who controls the managing member of the Sponsor. Our directors also hold non-managing interests in the Sponsor.
(4)
According to Schedule 13G/A, filed on January 19, 2021 by Integrated Core Strategies (US) LLC, ICS Opportunities, Ltd., Millennium Management LLC, Millennium Group Management LLC and Israel A. Englander (collectively, the “Millennium Parties”), the business address of such parties is 666 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10103. The Millennium Parties hold 4,305,445 shares of Class A common stock. Such securities are held through (i) Integrated Core Strategies (US) LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Integrated Core Strategies”), which beneficially owned 4,205,445 shares of the Class A Common Stock; and (ii) ICS Opportunities, Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company (“ICS Opportunities”), which beneficially owned 100,000 shares of the Class A Common Stock. Millennium Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Millennium Management”), is the general partner of the managing member of Integrated Core Strategies and ICS Opportunities and may be deemed to have shared voting control and investment discretion over securities owned by Integrated Core Strategies and ICS Opportunities. Millennium Group Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Millennium Group Management”), is the managing member of Millennium Management and may also be deemed to have shared voting control and investment discretion over securities owned by Integrated Core Strategies and ICS Opportunities. The managing member of Millennium Group Management is a trust of which Israel A. Englander, a United States citizen (“Mr. Englander”), currently serves as the sole voting trustee. Therefore, Mr. Englander may also be deemed to have shared voting control and investment discretion over securities owned by Integrated Core Strategies and ICS Opportunities.
(5)
According to Schedule 13G, filed on February 11, 2021 by Citadel Advisors LLC, Citadel Advisors Holdings LP, Citadel GP LLC, Citadel Securities LLC, Calc IV LP, Citadel Securities GP LLC and Kenneth Griffin (collectively, the “Citadel Parties”), the business address of such parties is 131 S. Dearborn Street, 32nd Floor, Chicago, Illinois 60603. The Citadel Parties hold 4,907,643 shares of Class A common stock. Such securities are held through (i) Citadel Advisors LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Citadel Advisors”), Citadel Advisors Holdings LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“CAH”), and Citadel GP LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“CGP”), which beneficially owned 4,723,973 shares of the Class A Common Stock; (ii) Citadel Securities LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“CSGP”), Calc IV LP(“CALC4”), a Delaware limited partnership and Citadel Securities GP LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“CSGP”), which beneficially owned 183,670 shares of the Class A Common Stock and (iii) Kenneth Griffin, a United States citizen, who beneficially owned 4,907,643 of the Class A common stock. Citadel Advisors is the portfolio manager for CEFL. CAH is the sole member of Citadel Advisors. CGP is the general partner of CAH. CALC4 is the non-member manager of Citadel Securities. CSGP is the general partner of CALC4. Mr. Griffin is the President and Chief Executive Officer of CGP, and owns a controlling interest in CGP and CSGP.
(6)
Based solely upon the Schedule 13G and the amended Schedule 13G filed by Magnetar Financial LLC, Magnetar Capital Partners LP, Supernova Management LLC and Alec N. Litowitz with the SEC on February 12, 2021. Beneficial ownership of these shares is shared with Magnetar Capital Partners LP, Supernova Management LLC and Alec N. Litowitz.
(7)
MIH Learning B.V. (“MIH Learning”), as assignee of the rights and obligations of MIH Edtech Investments B.V. under the Prosus Subscription Agreement, will own the shares of Churchill Class A common stock set forth opposite its name. MIH Learning is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Prosus N.V. Prosus N.V. is a direct subsidiary of Naspers Limited (“Naspers”). Naspers holds ordinary shares of Prosus N.V. that represent 72.5% of the voting rights in respect of Prosus N.V.’s shares. As a result, shares of Churchill Class A common stock owned by MIH Learning may be deemed to be beneficially owned by Prosus N.V. and by Naspers. Prosus N.V. is a publicly traded limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands. Naspers is a publicly traded limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the Republic of South Africa.
The Sponsor beneficially owns 20% of the issued and outstanding shares of Churchill common stock as of the record date. Because of the ownership block held by the Sponsor, the Sponsor may be able to
 
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effectively exercise control over all matters requiring approval by Churchill’s stockholders, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions other than approval of its initial business combination.
In connection with the consummation of the Churchill IPO, the Sponsor purchased an aggregate of 15,800,000 private placement warrants at a price of $1.00 per private placement warrant (or $15,800,000 in the aggregate) in a private placement. Each private placement warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at $11.50 per share. The foregoing table does not reflect record or beneficial ownership of the private placement warrants as they are not exercisable within 60 days of April 28, 2021.
 
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INFORMATION ABOUT SKILLSOFT
In this section “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Skillsoft prior to the Merger and to the Post-Combination Company following the Merger.
Overview
For more than 20 years, Skillsoft has been the leading global provider of digital learning and talent solutions, providing best-in-class content, products and services to a large, global customer base made up of blue-chip companies. We deliver solutions that help many of the world’s leading organizations develop and retain their employees and sell our broad portfolio of proprietary content to customers through our leading sales force. We are deeply embedded with our customers, and constantly evolving to address their needs and current market trends.
We partner with thousands of leading global organizations, including approximately 65% of Fortune 500. Our currently marketed solutions include: (i) Skillsoft legacy learning content (Skillport), (ii) the Percipio intelligent learning experience platform, and (iii) SumTotal, a SaaS-based Human Capital Management (HCM) solution, with a leading Talent Development platform. SumTotal is reported as an individual segment in the financial statements. Percipio, Skillport, and Dual Deployment (as discussed below) are included in the Content Business segment.
The enterprise learning market and professional digital learning market are rapidly growing with significant tailwinds given employers’ focus on upskilling and the shift from in-person training to digital training accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Organizations invest in learning and talent solutions to build a more motivated, skilled, and resilient workforce. We help them accomplish this by delivering a complete learning solution, supported by a proven, dynamic, deep, and proprietary content portfolio. Our portfolio includes offerings in the Leadership and Business, Technology and Developer, and Compliance customer market segments. We provide our solutions through engaging learning platforms, including our award-winning, state of the art learning experience platform, Percipio.
Our Percipio platform enables customers to customize learning experiences and curate our off-the-shelf learning assets with their own proprietary training content and third-party content. These capabilities allow employers to deliver highly tailored solutions for employees across various organizational functions. Customers trust us to address their evolving needs, and we believe the continued outsourcing of solutions will be an area of growth for us as many customers currently produce some of their content in-house. Further, Percipio provides administrators with intuitive dashboards and reporting, giving employers the ability to visually monitor progress, link learning to business objectives, and quantify program value and success. As of January 31, 2021, approximately 63% of our customers either have agreements for Percipio-only access or for Dual Deployment access, representing approximately 75% of ARR. We anticipate completing the migration to Percipio by 2023 for all customers.
Our proprietary content library is supplemented by materials we license from third-party sources, which may consist of publications, subject matter expertise, technical knowledge, research, creative works, strategies and the use of tradenames. We have over 100 active license agreements for materials that are utilized in our product offerings, whereby license holders are paid royalties based on underlying revenue or usage. Approximately 90% of content consumed by our customers is proprietary. We do not have any significant concentrations or dependencies with respect to any individual content providers or types of providers, with a large population of potential partners in the market that we have the ability to access as needed.
The learner is central to our mission, and we help individual learners stay engaged, active, and motivated as they increase their skillset and advance their careers. The platform provides learners with an intuitive experience designed to engage the learner and facilitate learning outcomes. Our content portfolio can be accessed anywhere, at any time, and across a variety of formats, providing the learner with flexibility and choice. Additionally, we are a leader in credentialing, offering digital badges to validate learners’ skills and recognize their accomplishments.
Skillsoft is at an inflection point. As a result of our merger with Churchill, we will have the capital to grow organically and inorganically. We expect that the Merger will help accelerate the migration of our
 
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customers to Percipio, our next-generation platform, and enhance our ability to develop additional value-added products and services and aggressively pursue our other key initiatives, including acquisitions.
Our Recent Transformation
Our recent recapitalization provides a capital structure that will support our growth
We recently completed a recapitalization, eliminating approximately $1.5 billion of debt from our balance sheet. The restructuring materially reduced our annual debt service obligation by approximately $100 million, freeing up capital to fund critical growth initiatives such as Percipio migrations and sales structure optimization, both discussed below. Going forward, the current capital structure will allow our company to more effectively accelerate key growth initiatives and better serve our customers.
We have validated Percipio’s impact on customer performance
Launched in June 2017, Percipio is a cloud-based content delivery and learning platform, designed to provide an intuitive, learner-led experience. Percipio was created to replace our legacy platform, Skillport. We believe Percipio’s AI-driven personalization and content recommendations for each learner enhance their connection with the content and improve their level of engagement. Customers using Percipio have exhibited higher retention rates compared to customers using Skillport. We have made significant progress migrating customers to the new platform, with approximately 63% of customers contracted for Percipio or Dual Deployment. Through this transformation, we have substantiated the platform’s positive impact on learner engagement and customer retention. Accordingly, Percipio is a core pillar supporting the long-term growth trajectory of our business.
We have refreshed our brand in the marketplace with a greater focus on the learner experience
In 2020, we transformed how we present Skillsoft to the marketplace. We have shifted to a customer-centric model, complemented by the rollout of a new visual identity that offers a fresh personality, signals our future-looking customer focus, and sets us apart from the competition. We have supported these efforts with increased investments in demand generation and brand awareness to drive net-new growth and strengthen existing customer relationships. In addition to refreshing our brand image to customers externally, we have revamped our marketing strategy through the use of customer data and insights. With this data-driven approach, we can improve and tailor the end-user experiences across our products, deepening learner engagement and improving customer outcomes.
We continue to align our go-to-market strategy with our customers’ key decision makers and influencers
Historically, for many organizations, the buyer for corporate learning solutions was the Chief Learning Officer, who focused on providing a broad, one-size-fits-all content suite for the entire employee population. We have observed a gradual shift across many organizations, with certain buying decisions transitioning from centralized development and learning executives to division level leaders, who prioritize specialized content packages that focus on specific competencies and ROI for each employee.
In response to this shift, we have implemented several tactical initiatives to align our go-to-market strategy with evolving customer decision-making processes. First, we have simplified our offering and aligned content packages to focus on three specific customer market segments (Leadership and Business, Technology and Developer, and Compliance). To support this transition, we have reduced the number of packages from 200+ to approximately 12, which have been tailored to the market segments we serve. In addition, we are optimizing our sales structure to improve retention and grow new business. Previously, our sales team was comprised of multi-functional account executives, tasked with managing existing accounts and pursuing new customers. Our new sales model will organize sales reps into (i) acquisition roles focused on new business, (ii) core retention roles, focused on renewing and expanding services to our existing customer base, and (iii) specialized sales representatives, allowing us to access and sell into multiple buying centers at our customers and prospects.
 
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We have aligned SumTotal’s value proposition and sales efforts to focus on large, complex enterprises and companies with mission critical compliance training needs
An increased focus on select customer end markets has positioned the SumTotal platform for renewed growth. Our revitalized go-to-market strategy focuses on blue-chip enterprise clients with complex training needs — serving them with powerful reporting capabilities, interoperability with multiple content sources, and integration with other HCM provider systems. This approach is expected to support complex enterprises with heightened levels of customer service, driving stronger retention across large spend customers.
Churchill’s Strategy for Value Creation
Churchill has taken important steps to reposition Skillsoft as the leader in corporate digital learning and create value for shareowners.

Proposed Combination with Global Knowledge. Global Knowledge is a leader in instructor-led IT training.   We believe this acquisition will strengthen our Tech & Dev offerings and will create better multi-modal learning experiences and generate significant cost and revenue synergies.

Planned Investment from Prosus. Prosus is a global internet group and one of the largest technology and EdTech investors in the world.   Our partnership with Prosus will provide both capital and expertise to support our planned growth.

Recruitment of new, leading management team.   The new management team, led by CEO Jeff Tarr, will guide Skillsoft through its next phase of growth. Tarr is an experienced public company CEO with a track record of transforming tech-enabled content companies into industry leaders and creating value for shareowners.
The new Skillsoft management team will build on Skillsoft’s recent progress with a transformation strategy designed to grow revenue, improve operational efficiency, and increase cash flow, leveraging the full support and capital of Prosus and Churchill. Below are key elements of the strategy.
Product Development and Deployment
We believe an important near-term lever for delivering revenue growth is the completion of the migration of our customers from Skillport to Percipio. We will seek to accelerate that migration and deliver sustainable growth through further improvements to our offerings.

Accelerate the migration to Percipio by completing integrations with applicable HCM partners;

Integrate and further expand Tech & Dev offerings;

Create multi-modal learning journeys with on-demand, virtual and classroom offerings;

Continue to enhance our platform and tools, leveraging AI and other technologies;

Invest in new content organically and through partnerships and M&A.
Sales and Marketing
The company has begun an important sales force and go-to-market transformation. We will build on that transformation by strengthening the Company’s customer acquisition and cross-selling capabilities.

Complete sales transformation with the staffing of customer acquisition teams;

Create integrated Tech & Dev sales team to cross-sell both companies’ offerings;

Increase marketing and product qualified lead generation;

Leverage digital selling tools and e-commerce to engage learners directly.
Business Optimization
We will seek to reduce cost and enhance quality through a number of important initiatives intended to both support revenue growth and improve margins.
 
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Realize $20 million or more in near term cost synergies and $25 million in total cost synergies;

Integrate Tech & Dev product offerings and migrate digital delivery to Percipio;

Leverage best cost locations;

Standardize, upgrade and integrate back office systems and processes to realize efficiencies and integrate future acquisitions.
Mergers and Acquisitions
We intend to grow our business through acquisitions that enhance our content offerings, add capability to our Percipio platform, and enable us to deliver more value to customers and expand into new vertical markets and geographies. Importantly, we believe our platform and our large sales force and customer base position us to effectively integrate acquisitions in a highly accretive fashion.

Expand corporate development team and leverage Churchill and Prosus for opportunity sourcing;

Create the capability to rapidly acquire and integrate acquisitions;

Consider larger, transformational opportunities in-line with capital policy.
Talent & Culture
Central to our strategy is a high performing and inclusive organization and an environment where all team members are able to do their best work.

Create high-performance leadership team, drawing on top talent from both companies and filling gaps from the outside;

Transform culture, built upon an inspiring purpose, vision and values;

Attract and retain top talent at all levels using equity compensation where appropriate;

Leverage expertise of a new world class Board of Directors with significant independent representation.
Industry and Select Macro Trends
The corporate learning and human capital management markets are large, growing and fragmented
The global corporate learning market is large and growing. We estimate the market size of the global professional learning industry to be approximately $300 billion. We estimate that the total addressable market for global professional digital learning — the segment served by Skillsoft is approximately $28 billion, with many favorable characteristics:

The global professional digital learning market is anticipated to grow at approximately a 10% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from 2020 through 2025, similar to recent years;

While the market is competitive, it remains highly fragmented and lacks a single dominant player serving all customer market segments; and

We hold a strong competitive position in the market. The majority of our competitors are smaller content providers, which lack our revenue, depth of content and the platform capabilities offered by the Percipio platform. This dynamic offers both a favorable competitive environment and an opportunity for expansion via inorganic growth;

We have a history of longevity, establishing long-term relationships with Fortune 500 and other customers.
HCM applications and services, an approximately $17.6 billion global market, help organizations manage and maintain their workforce via efficient management, performance management, compensation management and succession planning. LMS, SumTotal’s core market, is a critical component of the HCM space, representing approximately 17% of the overall size, based on our estimates. Both the HCM and LMS markets exhibit favorable characteristics:
 
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The global HCM market is expected to grow at an approximately 7% CAGR in the near future due to the increased demand in automated recruiting processes and centralized administration of digital human resources activities.

We expect the corporate LMS market to grow at approximately a 5% CAGR in the near future, consistent with recent years. As digital learning continues to play a larger role in corporate talent development initiatives, the LMS is consistently tasked with providing more robust analytics and managing workflow and content delivery needs, particularly in large global enterprises.
The corporate training market shift, from in-person training to digital learning, is accelerating
While there is a role for in-person training, we have been observing a long-term market shift from in-person training to digital learning platforms. Employers are increasingly spending corporate training budgets on digital learning, which can provide a more cost-effective, flexible, and comprehensive solution as compared to legacy in-person training formats. We have also observed factors that may contribute to the acceleration of digital learning adoption, including the COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in restrictions on travel and in-person meetings around the world and increased the usage of and reliance on digital alternatives. More significantly, technological advancements over the past decade, including mobile technology, video on demand, micro-learning and artificial intelligence, have significantly increased digital adoption, learner engagement, and efficacy of digital learning.
Modern learners expect a more consumerized learning experience
While learners in the past have generally focused on content quality, expectations related to content delivery and the learning environment are increasing. Today’s learners are often looking for a more personalized learning journey, with an ability to choose where, when, and how to learn. This has led to the rise of cloud-based, multi-modal offerings such as ebooks, audiobooks, videos, and courses, which can be consumed on smart devices. Furthermore, employees view training platforms not only as a means of honing existing skills needed today, but also as opportunities to learn new skills needed for tomorrow.
Professionals believe that additional training is critical to remain competent and prepare for the jobs of tomorrow
The increasingly technical nature of today’s job requirements and rapid pace of digital transformation are contributing to a growing need for continuous training. In October 2019, Skillsoft conducted a study at the Digital Transformation Expo Europe event, in which 85% of survey respondents said their role has already been impacted by digital transformation, yet 79% would have liked more learning, development, or training opportunities in the last 18 months to ensure they were appropriately skilled for their evolving roles. In addition, 81% of respondents said they will need to learn a new skill in the next 18 months to remain confident and competent in their current role.
Employers’ needs are evolving
Due to the rapidly evolving business environment, organizations increasingly recognize the need to continually improve the skills of their employees to remain current and competitive and improve retention rates. In addition to increasing spend on overall training, employers are searching for ways to implement custom content or curate, promote, and assign third-party content in order to address the training and development needs of their employees. In addition, employers are seeking to prepare their employees for the roles and competencies of tomorrow. Leaders, learners, and organizations are focused on developing “power skills” that cross disciplines, such as agility, adaptability, and resilience. Power skills allow organizations to build a future-ready workforce with a solid foundation of evergreen competencies, helping employees learn and process specific skills more quickly as they evolve.
Our Competitive Solutions and Strengths
We offer an advanced, award-winning, and highly engaging intelligent learning experience platform, Percipio
As previously discussed, Percipio provides AI-driven personalization and content recommendations for each learner to enhance their connection with the content and improve their level of engagement. In addition,
 
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Percipio’s data tracking capabilities support the platform’s ability to inform best practices for our customers and deliver insights for product enhancement. We believe our findings have validated that user engagement drives customer retention.
Select platform capabilities include:

Open Platform:   We can host clients’ bespoke content. In these instances, business administrators upload content and curate that content into channels that are unique for their business. Learners then access content via search, assignments, and recommendations within the platform. In addition, Percipio has the functionality to consolidate and deliver content from other platforms, and we partner with numerous content developers to enhance our course offerings.

Custom Channels and Journeys:   Percipio combines content from various sources into learning journeys. We offer more than 700 skill-based learning paths on a wide range of topics. Additionally, for learners focused on career aspirations, we offer more than 20 Aspire Journeys, offerings that deliver curated learning paths for specific competencies. Based on a November 2019 study on Percipio usage analysis, learners who consume an Aspire Journey return at 2x the rate of other learners and provide positive feedback at up to 50% higher rates.

Administrator-Promoted Content and Flexible Assignments:   Employers can facilitate the assignment of online training with one-time-only or recurring options. Assignments can be set to recur by last completion date or due date, with intervals determined by the administrator.

Powerful Tracking and In-Depth Reporting:   Employers can utilize comprehensive filtering, data export options, and individual and group reporting to view status and training progress. Administrators can also create and save customized reports and configure automatic emails, with training results sent to line managers or supervisors to help drive training completions.

Training Groups:   Employers can assign training to individual users or defined user groups. Administrators can create user groups, or “audiences”, based on demographics such as job role, corporate division, or geographic location.

Records Management:   Employers can track users’ access to and completion of assigned courses, while maintaining a complete training history for each user. Users and administrators can access a comprehensive view of an individual’s training history, including recurring assignments.
The platform’s broad capabilities are complemented by the impact the platform has on the learner. The platform facilitates an efficient, user-focused learning environment, supported by content discovery tools that allow the learner to identify content assets that fit best with their learning objectives and schedules. In addition, the platform’s interactive interface displays personalized activity feeds, showing recent activity and training assignments to ensure the learner is apprised of both developmental progress and expectations. Since the platform’s inception, we have deployed many value-additive features to further drive learner engagement, including AI-driven email campaigns as well as personalized mobile device notifications.
Percipio’s efficacy is supported by customer performance. As compared to customers on Skillport, customers on Percipio have performed better since January 2020 across a variety of key performance indicators, such as number of active learners, learning hours per user, and number of content launches, among others. This has translated into improved renewal rate performance as shown in “Information about Skillsoft — Key Performance Metrics.”
Migrating customers from Skillport to Percipio is a key focus for our business; and we anticipate completing the migration to Percipio by 2023. Our approach to the migration process has been focused and customer centric. Many of our customers need continued access to functionality on Skillport, which is not yet completed on Percipio. In order to support those customers, we have entered into agreements to provide both continued access to Skillport and new access to Percipio (“Dual Deployment”). As of January 31, 2021, approximately 63% of our customers either have agreements for Percipio-only access or for Dual Deployment access, representing approximately 75% of ARR. We expect to complete the functionality necessary to fully migrate all customers from Skillport to Percipio, including integrations with applicable HCM partners, in 2021. At that point, we expect Percipio will be at substantial feature parity with Skillport, offering a clear path to completing the migration over the subsequent twelve to eighteen months.
 
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We possess a broad and diversified content library
Our nearly 700 skill-based learning paths support today’s highly sought-after competencies in leadership and business skills, IT, software and application development, data science as well as workforce safety and compliance. Our robust content library of 180,000+ content assets, which include videos, digital books, book summaries, audiobooks, labs, job aids, and other learning resources is segmented into the following three customer markets: (i) Leadership and Business, (ii) Technology and Developer and (iii) Compliance. We actively invest in and refresh our content offerings, providing learners with access to the latest insights and knowledge to facilitate an engaging and effective learning environment; such investment ensures our products incorporate relevant, thought-leading content and helps us deliver learning outcomes for the learner and for corporate customers. We are the only provider in market that is consistently recognized by Training Industry, The Stevie Awards, The Telly Awards, Brandon Hall and others as a leader in each content vertical that we serve. Many of our content and learning modules are scenario-based, learner-centric, and character-led.
The key content verticals in our library include:

Leadership and Business:   With approximately 1,100 courses across 40 subjects, our Leadership and Business training addresses the personal and business technical skills at the intersection of digital business strategy, leadership practice, and managerial effectiveness. Select offerings from our library include the Skillsoft Leadership Development Program (SLDP), which focuses on digital leader competencies, and our Leadercamps a suite of live streaming events and virtual workshops that provide access to best-selling authors and thought-leaders.

Technology and Developer:   With approximately 4,500 courses across nearly 100 subjects, our Technology and Developer offering addresses the IT skills gap head-on, empowering technology and developer professionals to acquire the modern, in-demand skills. We have more than 500 Learning Paths for technology professionals and approximately 100 Technology and Developer Certification Training courses, which prepare learners for the associated vendor exams. Our portfolio is comprehensive and flexible, offering micro-learning video courses, digital books, audiobooks, and virtual coding labs as well as more than 20,000 learner skills assessments.

Compliance:   With approximately 2,750 courses across 40 subjects, our Compliance offering supports over 500 critical risk topics to address an increasingly global workforce. We offer a catalogue of environmental health and safety (EH&S) and legal compliance courseware to suit organizations in a wide variety of industries, in particular, those with heavy regulatory burdens. Through partnerships with certified legal experts and safety professionals, we ensure our content remains current with regulatory requirements, allowing organizations to focus on strategic business operations.
We offer one of the industry’s most advanced talent management solution, SumTotal, and is complemented by a comprehensive HCM offering
SumTotal’s Enterprise — Talent Development solution delivers an extensible, highly configurable solution for customers with complex learning needs. The talent suite is geared to manage complex workflows for large enterprises and customers in highly regulated segments with mission critical compliance requirements. The platform can effectively manage a wide range of content solutions and harmonize sophisticated learning environments. These capabilities are evidenced by SumTotal’s customer base, which consists of leaders across regulated industries, such as the airline and financial services industries. In addition, SumTotal’s professional services team complements the software’s expansive capabilities, allowing customers to implement bespoke solutions, catered to their unique and evolving learning needs. The talent suite holistically links performance management, compensation, and succession planning processes to LMS and workforce management data, providing a differentiating level of human resources (HR) analytics and ecosystem harmonization.
In addition, SumTotal provides a comprehensive suite of complementary products and services, which provide both SaaS add-ons for customers and one-time services designed to ease implementation and tailor the product to best meet a customer’s needs. SumTotal’s full product suite includes:

Enterprise — Talent Development:   Includes Learn Enterprise (the LMS) and talent management software, which are often sold as a bundle. Learn Enterprise is sold primarily to large organizations;
 
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Enterprise — Growth:   SumTotal’s SMB (small and medium-size business) market solution;

Other Platforms:   SumTotal provides a suite of other HCM products and services such as workforce management and payroll that, which when paired with our core Learn Enterprise product, can increase customer retention and address a customer’s need to integrate learning and talent management with the rest of the HCM ecosystem; and
Professional Services:   Provides implementation services to customers during both the onboarding process and the platform upgrade process. The Professional Services team also works with customers to customize and configure our products to fit their requirements.
Our Customers
We partner with over 4,000 customers and help them achieve their learning and development needs. Our solutions cater to both large and small enterprises across a wide range of industries. Our largest customers include Fortune 100 companies and government agencies; and many of these organizations have been customers for more than five years. Through our customers, we reach a community of approximately 45 million learners across over 160 countries. We deliver our products in 29 different languages. Learners access Skillsoft content approximately one million times per month. No single customer represented more than 2% of order intake for the year ended January 31, 2021.
Our Competition
Content
The corporate digital learning market is large and fragmented. Many of our peers are much smaller than us and do not have the long history we have of serving our customers. The market is highly competitive and we expect the market to remain competitive in the future for the following reasons: (i) continued demand for high quality, deep, and broad digital content solutions, (ii) the market’s whitespace opportunity, which we believe is material given the estimated size of the total addressable market and the size of our peers, and (iii) the increased importance of digital learning, in part due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has accelerated the need for enterprises to adopt digital training solutions.
We believe that the principal competitive factors in the corporate digital learning market include:

The breadth, depth, and quality of the content library;

Ability to offer various types of content, such as courses, audiobooks, videos, and assessments;

Platform user experience, interface, flexibility, and administrator features;

Platform ability to integrate with customer learning ecosystems and curate third-party content;

Support for global and multi-lingual audiences;

Modalities offered, such as virtual classroom, online, desktop, and mobile;

Quality of customer service and support;

Pricing and contract terms;

Reporting and key metrics to customers;

Customer relationships;

Brand reputation;

Ability to link learning outcomes to ROI;

Privacy and security; and

Continued innovation.
Our direct and indirect competitors include, among others:

Within our Leadership and Business customer market, vendors such as LinkedIn Learning, CrossKnowledge and Harvard ManageMentor, as well as OpenSesame;
 
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Within our Technology and Developer customer market, vendors such as Pluralsight and Udemy, as well as Safari (O’Reilly), Coursera and Udacity; and

Within our Compliance customer market, vendors such as Navex Global as well as LRN, SAI Global, J.J. Keller, and UL-PURESafety.
SumTotal
The market for talent management software is competitive, comprised of leading enterprise players and smaller peers. This market faces evolving customer needs and frequent disruptions driven by new technologies, products, and services. Our sales opportunities are competitive and often involve requests for proposals.
We believe that the principal competitive factors in the talent development market include:

Reporting and analytics capabilities;

Pricing and contract terms;

Ability to provide customized, scalable bespoke solutions;

Intuitiveness of user interface;

Security, privacy, and reliability;

Dashboards to track and evaluate employees and performance; and

Ability to integrate, implement, and scale.
SumTotal’s direct and indirect competitors include, among others:

LMS vendors, including Cornerstone OnDemand and Workday; and
Other competitors including ADP, Docebo, Kronos, Oracle, and SAP SuccessFactors.
Our People
As of January 31, 2021, we had 2,189 regular, full-time employees. Our human capital initiatives and objectives are driven by our desire to continue to invest in our most valuable asset, our people. Those investments are focused on talent transformation and optimization through strategic and inclusive talent acquisition, talent development, and cultural enablement. To identify and attract top talent and motivate and retain our people, we continue to evolve our human capital systems, processes, and programs. Our organization’s objectives include identifying and attracting top talent to fill open positions and incentivizing, developing, and retaining our people. Further, recent diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives designed to support systemic, programmatic, and sustainable change have also been introduced.
Seasonality
We generally recognize revenue from subscription fees ratably over the term of the contract; thus, while our billings are seasonal, revenue recognition is not subject to significant seasonality. We execute most of our contracts in the second half of each fiscal year, with the fourth quarter representing about 50% of annual volume. For the Content business, during the fourth quarter of FY21, we recognized 25% of total annual segment revenue and recorded 49% of total annual segment billings. For the SumTotal business, during the fourth quarter of FY20, we recognized 24% of total annual revenue and recorded 32% of total annual segment billings. The seasonality in our contract executions also results in seasonality in our commission expenses and, as a result, we recognize higher commission expenses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year due to higher sales levels.
Our Intellectual Property
Our success is contingent upon the protection of our rights in intellectual property. We rely upon a combination of patent, copyright, and trademark laws as well as license agreements, intellectual property assignment agreements, confidentiality procedures, and employee invention assignment agreements to protect
 
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our proprietary rights. In certain cases, we have also entered into, and will continue to enter into, confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants and third parties to protect the distribution of confidential information. We believe our intellectual property rights are a crucial component of our business.
As of January 31, 2021, we did not have any pending patent applications in the United States or abroad. We have an ongoing trademark and service mark registration program pursuant to which we register our brand names and product names, taglines, and logos in the United States and other countries to the extent we deem appropriate. We also have common law rights in some unregistered trademarks that were established over years of use.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We track several non-GAAP metrics that we believe are key financial measures of our success. Non- GAAP measures are frequently used by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties in their evaluation of companies comparable to us, many of which present non-GAAP measures when reporting their results. These measures can be useful in evaluating our performance against our peer companies because we believe the measures provide users with valuable insight into key components of U.S. GAAP financial disclosures. For example, a company with higher U.S. GAAP net income may not be as appealing to investors if its net income is more heavily comprised of gains on asset sales. Likewise, excluding the effects of interest income and expense moderates the impact of a company’s capital structure on its performance. However, non-GAAP measures have limitations as an analytical tool. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. They are not presentations made in accordance with U.S. GAAP, are not measures of financial condition or liquidity, and should not be considered as an alternative to profit or loss for the period determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP or operating cash flows determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As a result, these performance measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute analysis for, results of operations as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Adjusted Revenue
Adjusted Revenue. We define Adjusted Revenue as GAAP revenue excluding (i) impact of fresh-start and purchase accounting and (ii) one-time impact of the deconsolidation of Canada. We use Adjusted Revenue to assess our operating performance excluding GAAP valuation adjustments from fresh-start and purchase accounting.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are used by management, investors, and other interested parties to assess our operating performance. For example, a measure similar to Adjusted EBITDA is required by the lenders under our credit agreements. We define these non-GAAP measures as follows:
EBITDA. Represents net income plus or minus net interest, plus provision for income taxes, depreciation, and amortization as well as impairment of goodwill and intangible assets.
Adjusted EBITDA. Represents EBITDA plus primarily non-cash items and non-recurring items that we consider useful to exclude in assessing our operating performance (e.g., stock-based compensation expense, restructuring charges, retention costs, recapitalization and transaction-related costs, net foreign currency impact and other net gains and losses, impact of fresh-start and purchase accounting, and one-time impact of the deconsolidation of Canada).
Free Cash Flow
Free Cash Flow. We define free cash flow as net cash provided by (used in) operating activities less capital expenditures. We consider free cash flow to be important because it measures the amount of cash we spend or generate and reflects changes in our working capital.
 
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Predecessor
and
Successor
(Combined)
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2021
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2020
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2019
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2018
Non-GAAP Financial Measures – Adjusted Revenue
Subscription revenue
$ 344,820 $ 463,773 $ 492,401 $ 507,846
Non-subscription revenue
37,799 50,248 41,740 39,463
Total revenue
382,619 514,021 534,141 547,309
Plus: Impact of fresh-start and purchase accounting
88,986
Plus: One-time impact of the deconsolidation of Canada
2,700
Total adjusted revenue
$ 474,305 $ 514,021 $ 534,141 $ 547,309
Consolidated
Adjusted subscription revenue
$ 427,501 $ 463,773 $ 492,401 $ 507,846
Adjusted non-subscription revenue
46,804 50,248 41,740 39,463
Total Consolidated adjusted revenue
$ 474,305 $ 514,021 $ 534,141 $ 547,309
Content Business
Adjusted subscription revenue
$ 327,778 $ 351,124 $ 367,940 $ 373,804
Adjusted non-subscription revenue
16,132 11,379 10,376 9,942
Total Content Business adjusted revenue
$ 343,910 $ 362,503 $ 378,316 $ 383,746
SumTotal Business
Adjusted subscription revenue
$ 99,722 $ 112,649 $ 124,461 $ 134,042
Adjusted non-subscription revenue
30,673 38,869 31,364 29,521
Total SumTotal Business adjusted revenue
$ 130,395 $ 151,518 $ 155,825 $ 163,563
 
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Predecessor
and
Successor
(Combined)
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2021
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2020
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2019
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2018
Non-GAAP Financial Measures – EBITDA,
Adjusted EBITDA, and Free Cash Flow
Net income (loss)
$ 2,670,290 $ (849,205) $ (399,839) $ (344,717)
Interest expense, net
188,172 429,657 395,842 346,186
Provision for income taxes
46,521 11,212 5,027 1,373
Depreciation and amortization
83,670 106,075 164,418 211,403
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets
332,376 440,598 16,094
EBITDA
3,321,029 138,337 181,542 214,245
Plus: Non-recurring retention and consulting costs
13,123 10,087 14,487 15,235
Plus: Recapitalization and transaction-related costs
48,027 16,244
Plus: Restructuring and contract terminations
5,520 3,046 2,073 2,524
Plus: Integration and migration related
2,403 6,053 6,719 6,482
Plus: Foreign currency and other non-cash expense
(4,218) 10,582 5,581 (8,674)
Plus: Impact of fresh-start and purchase accounting
(3,243,166)
Plus: Other add backs
1,995 446 932 515
Adjusted EBITDA
$ 144,713 $ 184,795 $ 211,334 $ 230,327
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
$ 12,097 $ (37,413) $ 10,160 $ 24,263
Less: Capital expenditures
(11,376) (17,400) (22,552) (18,535)
Free cash flow
$ 721 $ (54,813) $ (12,392) $ 5,728
Key Performance Metrics
We use key performance metrics to help us evaluate our performance and make strategic decisions. Additionally, we believe these metrics are useful as a supplement to investors in evaluating the Company’s ongoing operational performance and trends. These key performance metrics are not based on any standardized methodology prescribed by GAAP and are not necessarily comparable to similarly-titled metrics presented by other companies.
Annualized Recurring Revenue
Annualized Recurring Revenue (“ARR”). Represents the annualized recurring value of all active subscription contracts at the end of a reporting period. We believe ARR is useful for assessing the performance of our recurring subscription revenue base and identifying trends affecting our business.
Dollar Retention Rate
Dollar Retention Rate (“DRR”) — For existing customers at the beginning of a given period, DRR represents subscription renewals, upgrades, churn, and downgrades in such period divided by the beginning total renewable base for such customers for such period. Renewals reflect customers who renew their subscription, inclusive of auto-renewals for multi-year contracts, while churn reflects customers who choose to not renew their subscription. Upgrades include orders from customers that purchase additional licenses or content (e.g., a new Leadership and Business module), while downgrades reflect customers electing to decrease the number of licenses or reduce the size of their content package. Upgrades and downgrades also reflect changes in pricing. We use our DRR to measure the long-term value of customer contracts as well as our ability to retain and expand the revenue generated from our existing customers.
 
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Order Intake
Order Intake. Order Intake in any particular period represents orders received during that period and reflects (i) subscription renewals, upgrades, churn, and downgrades to existing customers, (ii) non- subscription services, and (iii) sales to new customers. Order Intake generally represents a customer’s annual obligation (versus the life of the contract), and, for the subscription business, revenue is recognized for such Order Intake over the following 12 months. We use Order Intake to measure and monitor current period business activity with respect to our ability to sell subscriptions and services to our platforms.
Predecessor
and
Successor
(Combined)
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2021
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2020
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2019
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2018
Key Performance Metrics
Annualized Recurring Revenue (“ARR”)
Percipio ARR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 75,802 $ 42,477 $ 13,701 NM
Dual Deployment ARR . . . . .
161,327 102,914 56,459 NM
Skillport ARR . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80,245 181,117 275,813 NM
Total Content Business ARR .
317,374 326,509 345,974 366,051
SumTotal Business ARR . . . . . . .
99,148 111,029 124,283 129,593
Dollar Retention Rate (“DRR”)
Percipio DRR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100% 94% 96% NM
Dual Deployment DRR . . . . .
101% 111% 107% NM
Skillport DRR . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75% 84% 90% NM
Total Content Business DRR .
93% 92% 93% 98%
SumTotal Business DRR . . . . .
92% 94% 91% 94%
Content Business Order Intake
Percipio Order Intake . . . . . . . . .
$ 63,852 $ 31,597 $ 8,379 NM
Dual Deployment Order Intake . . .
173,654 116,161 62,000 NM
Skillport Order Intake . . . . . . .
80,719 184,870 280,550 NM
Total Subscription Order Intake . . .
318,225 332,627 350,928 378,402
Services & One-Time Order Intake .
16,189 14,383 13,678 12,110
Total Content Business Order Intake . .
334,414 347,010 364,606 390,513
SumTotal Business Order Intake
Subscription Order Intake . . . . .
$ 101,051 $ 110,955 $ 118,234 $ 133,645
Services & One-Time Order Intake .
22,698 27,442 30,453 26,329
Total SumTotal Business Order Intake .
123,749 138,397 148,687 159,974
 
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MANAGEMENT OF SKILLSOFT
Directors and Executive Officers
The directors and executive officers of Skillsoft are as follows as of the date of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Name
Age
Title
Michelle Boockoff-Bajdek
51
Chief Marketing Officer
John Frederick
57
Chief Administrative Officer; Chief Executive Officer (SumTotal)
Ronald Hovsepian
60
Executive Chairman; Director
Bobby Jenkins
59
Chief Financial Officer
Patrick Manzo
49
Chief Revenue Officer — Content
Mark Onisk
48
Chief Content Officer
Greg Porto
54
Chief People Officer
Apratim Purakayastha
53
Chief Technology Officer
David Aloise
66
Director
Alan Carr
50
Director
Eugene Davis
65
Director
Sherman Edmiston III
58
Director
Peter Schmitt
53
Director
Michelle Boockoff-Bajdek has been Skillsoft’s Chief Marketing Officer since September 2019. Prior to Skillsoft, Ms. Boockoff-Bajdek served as the Chief Marketing Officer of IBM Watson from 2018 to 2019, the Global Head of Business Marketing for IBM Watson Media and Weather from 2016 to 2018, and Vice President, B2B Marketing for The Weather Company, an IBM Business. Previously, Ms. Boockoff-Bajdek served as Executive Vice President, Marketing from 2014 to 2015 for Quaero, and Vice President, Client Acquisition & Marketing from 2008 to 2013, also for Quaero. Prior to Quaero, she held leadership roles at various technology companies, including Harte-Hanks, Kronos, and GN Netcom. Ms. Boockoff-Bajdek holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Political Science from Southern Connecticut State University, and a Master of Science degree in Communications Management from Simmons University.
John Frederick has been Skillsoft’s Chief Administrative Officer since November 2018, and has served as Chief Executive Officer of SumTotal Systems LLC since September, 2019. Mr. Frederick has more than 20 years of experience leading operating and administrative functions within private and public companies. Mr. Frederick most recently served as Chief Operating Officer of SnagAJob.com, the largest platform for hourly work. Prior to SnagAJob.com, Mr. Frederick was the Chief Financial Officer of Synchronoss Technologies, and prior to that was the Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative and Financial Officer of Avid Technology. Before joining Avid, he held senior finance and administrative roles in consumer product and technology companies. Mr. Frederick holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from the University of Maryland Baltimore County.
Ronald Hovsepian has been Executive Chairman and a Director of Skillsoft since July 2018. Mr. Hovsepian is currently Chief Executive Officer of Indigo Ag, an agricultural technology company, and serves as Lead Director of Ansys, Inc., the global leader in engineering simulation. Previously, Mr. Hovsepian was President and Chief Executive Officer of Intralinks, a global provider of secure SaaS collaboration solutions and virtual data rooms, from 2011 to 2017. Prior to Intralinks, Mr. Hovsepian served as Chairman of ANN Inc., the parent company of Ann Taylor, LOFT and Lou & Grey, for ten years and served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Novell, Inc., where he started as Executive Vice President and President, Worldwide Field Operations in 2003. Mr. Hovsepian began his career at IBM, where he held a number of management and executive positions over a 16-year period including Worldwide General Manager in IBM Marketing and Services for the Distribution Industry segment, managing product development of hardware and software, sales and marketing and services. Mr. Hovsepian holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Boston College.
 
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Bobby Jenkins has been Skillsoft’s Chief Financial Officer since November 2019. Prior to joining Skillsoft, Mr. Jenkins served as Managing Director at Fahrenheit Advisors. Mr. Jenkins has held executive level roles at several public and private companies, including Klöckner Pentaplast, Sunbeam Corporation and Panavision. Mr. Jenkins holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Patrick Manzo has been Skillsoft’s Chief Revenue Officer — Content since February 2020, and previously served as Senior Vice President, Business Planning and Customer Experience from October 2018 to February 2020. Before joining Skillsoft, Mr. Manzo held various positions for Monster, including, most recently Executive Vice President, Global Customer Service from 2011 to 2017, and before that, Chief Privacy Officer from 2008 to 2017. Mr. Manzo holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Government from Georgetown University, and a Juris Doctor degree from Boston College Law School. Mr. Manzo also served in the United States Navy as a Surface Warfare Officer.
Mark Onisk has been Skillsoft’s Chief Content Officer in January 2018, and has held various titles with Skillsoft since 2011, including Senior Vice President, Skillsoft Books from May 2016 to December 2017, Vice President, Strategic Business Development from December 2015 to April 2016, and Vice President, Content Production from November 2011 to November 2015. Mr. Onisk held various titles with Element K (Skillsoft’s predecessor) from 2000 to 2011. Mr. Onisk holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance and Economics from SUNY Brockport and a Master of Business Administration degree from the Rochester Institute of Technology.
Greg Porto has been Skillsoft’s Chief People Officer since February 2016 and has been with Skillsoft since 2002. Mr. Porto has held positions at Skillsoft including Vice President, Administration and Senior Vice President, Human Resources & Administration. Prior to joining Skillsoft, Mr. Porto served as Director, HR & Administration at CBT Systems/Smartforce from 1996 to 2002. Mr. Porto holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Government from Connecticut College.
Apratim Purakayastha has been Skillsoft’s Chief Technology Officer since June 2016. Mr. Purakayastha served as Chief Operating Officer of SumTotal Systems, LLC from 2016 to 2019. Mr. Purakayastha previously served as General Manager and Senior Vice President of SaaS at SevOne where he was responsible for its on-demand/SaaS business segment, after holding the position of Senior Vice President Engineering. Prior to SevOne, Mr. Purakayastha held senior technology positions including Group President in ACI Worldwide and Director of Software at IBM. Mr. Purakayastha holds a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Computer Science from Duke University, a Master of Science degree in Computer Science from Washington State University and a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Science from Jadavpur University, India.
David Aloise is a director of Skillsoft. Mr. Aloise is Principal/Founder of Aloise & Associates, LLC and a Senior Workout Advisor for Eaton Vance. Prior to forming Aloise & Associates, LLC, Mr. Aloise acted, over a 20-year span, in a variety of roles within the Bank Boston Corporation organization including, Worldwide Director of Commercial Loan Workout, the Division Executive in Charge of Small Business Banking, and the Division Executive in Charge of Head Office Restructured Real Estate Division. Mr. Aloise currently serves as a director and audit committee chair of New Real, Inc., the general partner for New England Realty Associates LP, and as a director and audit committee member of AFG Global, Inc. Mr. Aloise holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance and Accounting from Boston College.
Alan Carr is a director of Skillsoft. Mr. Carr is currently Chief Executive Officer of Drivetrain, LLC. Mr. Carr also serves as Independent Director and is a Member of the Special Committee overseeing the Chapter 11 restructuring of LightSquared, Inc. and LightSquared, L.P., as a director of Midstates Petroleum Company, Inc., and as a director of Tanker Investments Ltd. Mr. Carr previously served as Managing Director of Strategic Value Partners, LLC, and was previously a corporate restructuring attorney at Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLC and Ravin, Sarasohn, Baumgarten, Fisch & Rosen. Mr. Carr holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics & Sociology from Brandeis University and a Juris Doctor degree from Tulane Law School.
Eugene Davis is a director of Skillsoft. Mr. Davis is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of PIRINATE Consulting Group, LLC, which he founded. Prior to founding PIRINATE, Mr. Davis served as Chief Operating Officer of Total-Tel Communications, Inc., Vice Chairman and CEO of Sport Supply Group, Inc. and Vice Chairman and President of Emerson Radio Corporation. Mr. Davis also practiced law as Partner/Shareholder & Head of Corporate & Securities Practice for Holmes, Millard & Duncan, P.C.,
 
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as Partner at Arter & Hadden LLP, and as an Associate at Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld LLP. Mr. Davis holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in International Politics, a Master of International Affairs degree, and a Juris Doctor degree, all from Columbia University.
Sherman Edmiston III is a director of Skillsoft. Mr. Edmiston is the Managing Member of HI CapM Advisors, Ltd. Mr. Edmiston currently serves on the board of directors of Arch Coal, Inc., Key Energy Services, Inc., Centric Brands, Mallinckrodt SpecGX, Real Alloy Holding, Inc. and Harvey Gulf International Marine, LLC. Mr. Sherman was previously a Partner and Managing Director at Zolfo Cooper (now Alix Partners) and held various positions at Glass & Associates, Long Drive Management Trust (Nomura Securities), CIBC World Markets, PWC, and Chase Manhattan Bank. Mr. Edmiston holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering from Arizona State University, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and a Masters of Business Administration degree from the University of Michigan Stephen M. Ross School of Business.
Peter Schmitt is a director of Skillsoft. Mr. Schmitt currently serves as Industrial Advisor at EQT Partners AB and as President at MEC Michigan Consulting. Mr. Schmitt is on the advisory board of Innovyze LLC (EQT Partners portfolio company), Upchain, ThermoAnalytics, Inc., and Zemax LLC (EQT Partners portfolio company), where he also served as Interim Executive. Mr. Schmitt previously served as Senior Vice President at IoT & Digital Twin, Cenit AG, Executive Vice President at ESI Group, and Vice President at Dassault Systemes Americas. Mr. Schmitt holds a Doctorate degree in Manufacturing Engineering from the University of Stuttgart, Germany and holds Diplom Ingenieur (equivalent to Masters of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering) from Technical University of Karlsruhe, Germany.
Skillsoft Compensation
The following disclosure concerns the compensation arrangements of Skillsoft’s named executive officers and directors for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020 and January 31, 2021 (i.e., pre-Merger). Such disclosure should be read together with the compensation tables and related disclosures provided below and in conjunction with Skillsoft’s financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. As an emerging growth company, Skillsoft has opted to comply with the executive compensation disclosure rules applicable to “smaller reporting companies” as such term is defined in the rules promulgated under the Securities Act.
Skillsoft Summary Compensation Table
The following table presents information regarding the compensation earned in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020 and January 31, 2021 by each of Ronald Hovsepian, John Frederick and Apratim Purakayastha. These officers are referred to as Skillsoft’s named executive officers.
Name and Principal Position
Year(1)
Salary
($)
Bonus
($)(2)
All Other
Compensation
($)(3)
Total
($)
Ronald Hovsepian
FY21 1,000,000 2.500,000(6) 4,000 3,504,000
Executive Chairman(4)
FY20 963,333 500,000(5) 4,833 1,467,166
John Frederick
FY21 650,000 1,300,000(6) 98,796(7) 2,048,796
Chief Administrative Officer & CEO, SumTotal
FY20 620,833 400,000(5) 82,187(7) 1,103,020
Apratim Purakayastha
FY21 450,000 645,000(8)(9) 4,000 1,099,000
Chief Technology Officer
FY20 445,000 4,000 449,000
(1)
FY20 represents compensation earned by the named executive officers for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020 and FY21 represents compensation earned by the named executive officers for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021.
(2)
In connection with a potential sale and/or restructuring transaction involving Skillsoft Corporation, Mr. Hovsepian, Mr. Frederick, and Mr. Purakayastha received Retention Bonus Awards in September 2019 (the “September 2019 Awards”). Under the terms of the September 2019 Awards, provided that Mr. Hovsepian, Mr. Frederick, and Mr. Purakayastha remained with Skillsoft Corporation
 
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through the earlier of (i) the effective date of a sale transaction or a restructuring transaction, or (ii) September 30, 2020, they would each be entitled to retain the $1,250,000, $650,000 and $200,000 payments issued to them, respectively, pursuant to such awards. The September 2019 Awards were earned by each of Mr. Hovsepian, Mr. Frederick and Mr. Purakayastha on August 27, 2020, upon the completion of the restructuring of Skillsoft Corporation and its affiliates, including the acquisition of Pointwell Limited.
(3)
Includes matching 401(k) contributions provided to the named executive officers on the same terms as provided to all of Skillsoft’s regular full-time employees under the 401(k) Plan (as defined below).
(4)
Mr. Hovsepian did not receive additional compensation for his service on the company’s board of directors in FY21 or FY20. Mr. Hovsepian is entitled to an “exit bonus” of $1,000,000, which was earned upon Skillsoft’s emergence and is anticipated to be paid on May 15, 2021 (see “— Employment Agreements with Named Executive Officers” below).
(5)
Cash bonuses for FY20 awarded to Mr. Hovsepian and Mr. Frederick were approved by the Compensation Committee in February 2020. Amounts do not include the retention bonuses granted in 2019 and 2020, which are both included in the cash bonuses for FY21 and described in Note 6.
(6)
In connection with a potential sale and/or restructuring transaction involving Skillsoft Corporation, Mr. Hovsepian and Mr. Frederick received Retention Bonus Awards in February 2020 (the “February 2020 Awards”). Under the terms of the February 2020 Awards, provided that Mr. Hovsepian and Mr. Frederick remained with Skillsoft Corporation through the earlier of (i) the effective date of a sale transaction or a restructuring transaction, or (ii) January 31, 2021, they would each be entitled to retain the $1,250,000 and $650,000 payments issued to them, respectively, pursuant to such awards. The February 2020 Awards were earned by each of Mr. Hovsepian and Mr. Frederick on August 27, 2020, upon the completion of the restructuring of Skillsoft Corporation and its affiliates, including the acquisition of Pointwell Limited.
(7)
Includes $94,796 in FY 21 and $78,187 in FY 20 in respect of a housing allowance provided to Mr. Frederick under his employment agreement (see “— Employment Agreements with Named Executive Officers” below).
(8)
$225,000 of this amount represents the amount of Mr. Purakayastha bonus opportunity that was paid to him under the Company’s annual performance-based bonus plan.
(9)
On March 18, 2020, Mr. Purakayastha received a Retention Bonus Award of $220,000, one-third of which was paid in March 2020 and the remaining amount was paid on January 31, 2021.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Table
There were no outstanding equity awards held by Skillsoft’s named executive officers as of the end of the fiscal year on January 31, 2021.
Retention Bonuses
In connection with the Merger, Skillsoft entered into a Bonus Agreement with Mr. Frederick, which provides that, among other things, if Mr. Frederick remains employed by Skillsoft through the date that is ninety (90) days after the consummation of the Merger (or if, after consummation of the Merger, Mr. Frederick is terminated without “cause” or resigns for “good reason”), Skillsoft will pay a transaction bonus to Mr. Frederick in the total amount of $475,000.
Employment Agreements with Named Executive Officers
Included below are summaries of the employment agreements of each of Skillsoft’s named executive officers.
Ronald Hovsepian
On July 8, 2018, Mr. Hovsepian entered into an employment agreement with Skillsoft Corporation, which agreement was amended on January 2, 2020 and March 18, 2020, pursuant to which he serves as Executive Chairman of Skillsoft. The agreement has no specific term, provides for at-will employment and sets forth Mr. Hovsepian’s annual base salary of $1,000,000 and an annual target cash incentive bonus of up
 
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to 125% of his annual base salary upon the achievement of certain performance targets established by Skillsoft provided that he is employed by Skillsoft on the payment date. Mr. Hovsepian is also entitled to an “exit bonus” of $1,000,000 or such greater amount as determined by the board of directors upon the earlier of an Exit (as defined in the Shareholders’ Deed, dated as of August 18, 2014, by and between Evergreen Skills Holding Lux S.a r.l., Evergreen Nominees Limited and other parties thereto) or the occurrence of the Company’s deleveraging of greater than 2x EBITDA, subject to his continued employment through the occurrence of such event, and such “exit bonus” may be required by the board of directors to be reinvested in the company. This bonus was earned upon Skillsoft’s emergence but has not yet been paid.The agreement also provides that Mr. Hovsepian is entitled to participate in Skillsoft’s employee benefit plans. If Mr. Hovsepian’s employment is terminated by Skillsoft for “cause,” if his employment is terminated as a result of disability or death or if he resigns without “good reason,” Mr. Hovsepian, or his estate, as applicable, is entitled to receive termination benefits, including (a) accrued cash compensation through the date of termination, (b) the “exit bonus,” to the extent previously earned, (c) any annual bonus earned but unpaid as of the date of termination for the immediately preceding fiscal year, (d) reimbursement of any unreimbursed business expenses submitted in accordance with the agreement and company policy, and (e) any fully vested and non-forfeitable employee benefits under the company’s benefits plans. If Mr. Hovsepian’s employment is terminated by Skillsoft “without cause” or by Mr. Hovsepian for “good reason,” he is also entitled to the “exit bonus” if a bonus event occurs within six months following the date of termination and, subject to compliance with certain restrictive covenants and obligations and the execution of a standard general release of claims in favor of Skillsoft and its affiliates within 45 days following the date of termination, a lump sum payment equal to his base salary plus target bonus, reimbursement for up to 12 months of post-termination COBRA premiums, and access to the Skillsoft’s Leadership & Business and Technology & Development program for 12 months.
John Frederick
On November 1, 2018, Mr. Frederick entered into an employment agreement with Skillsoft Corporation, which agreement was amended on January 2, 2020 and March 18, 2020, pursuant to which he serves as Chief Administrative Officer of Skillsoft. Pursuant to the agreement, the Executive Chairman also appointed Mr. Frederick as the Chief Executive Officer of SumTotal. The agreement has no specific term, provides for at-will employment and sets forth Mr. Frederick’s annual base salary of $650,000 and an annual target cash incentive bonus of up to 100% of his annual base salary upon the achievement of certain performance targets established by Skillsoft provided that he is employed by Skillsoft on the payment date. The agreement also provides that Mr. Frederick is entitled to (i) participate in Skillsoft’s employee benefit plans, (ii) a relocation allowance of $100,000 and (iii) reimbursement of expenses related to his commute to Boston (including housing). If Mr. Frederick’s employment is terminated by Skillsoft for “cause” or if he resigns without “good reason,” Mr. Frederick is entitled to receive termination benefits, including (a) accrued cash compensation through the date of termination, (b) any annual bonus earned but unpaid as of the date of termination for the immediately preceding fiscal year, (c) reimbursement of any unreimbursed business expenses submitted in accordance with the agreement and company policy, and (d) any fully vested and non-forfeitable employee benefits under the company’s benefits plans. If Mr. Frederick’s employment is terminated as a result of disability or death, he is also entitled to a pro rata portion of his annual target cash incentive bonus based upon performance through the date of termination. If Mr. Frederick’s employment is terminated by the Company “without cause” or if Mr. Frederick resigns for “good reason,” he is entitled to the same termination benefits as if he was terminated for “cause” or resigned without “good reason” and, subject to compliance with certain restrictive covenants and obligations and the execution of a standard general release of claims in favor of Skillsoft and its affiliates within 45 days following the date of termination, a lump sum payment equal to his base salary plus target bonus, reimbursement for up to 12 months of post-termination COBRA premiums, and access to the Skillsoft’s Leadership & Business and Technology & Development program for 12 months.
Apratim Purakayastha
On June 24, 2016, Mr. Purakayastha entered into an employment agreement with Skillsoft Corporation, which agreement was amended on January 2, 2020, pursuant to which he serves as Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of Skillsoft. The agreement has no specific term, provides for at-will employment and sets forth Mr. Purakayastha’s annual base salary of $450,000 and an annual target cash
 
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incentive bonus of up to 100% of his annual base salary upon the achievement of certain performance targets established by Skillsoft provided that he is employed by Skillsoft on the payment date. The agreement also provides that Mr. Purakayastha is entitled to participate in Skillsoft’s employee benefit plans. If Mr. Purakayastha’s employment is terminated by Skillsoft for “cause” or if he resigns without “good reason,” he is entitled to receive termination benefits, including (a) accrued cash compensation through the date of termination, (b) any annual bonus earned by unpaid as of the date of termination for the immediately preceding fiscal year, (c) reimbursement of any unreimbursed business expenses submitted in accordance with the agreement and company policy, and (d) any fully vested and non-forfeitable employee benefits under company benefits plans. If Mr. Purakayastha’s employment is terminated as a result of disability or death, he is also entitled to a pro rata portion of his annual target cash incentive bonus based upon performance through the date of termination. If Mr. Purakayastha’s employment is terminated by the Company “without cause” or if Mr. Purakayastha resigns for “good reason,” he is entitled to the same termination benefits as if he was terminated for “cause” or resigned without “good reason” and, subject to compliance with certain restrictive covenants and obligations and the execution of a standard general release of claims in favor of Skillsoft and its affiliates within 45 days following the date of termination, a lump sum payment equal to nine months of his base salary plus 75% of his target bonus, reimbursement for up to 12 months of COBRA premiums, and access to the Skillsoft’s Leadership & Business and Technology & Development program for 12 months. If Mr. Purakayastha’s employment is terminated by the Company “without cause” (other than by reason of death or disability) or he resigns for “good reason” within 12 months of a sale transaction (as defined under the agreement), subject to compliance with certain restrictive covenants and obligations and the execution of a standard general release of claims in favor of Skillsoft and its affiliates, Mr. Purakayastha is entitled to a lump sum payment equal to the sum of 15 months of his base salary and 125% of his annual target incentive bonus, each in effect before the date of termination, reimbursement for up to 15 months of COBRA premiums, and access to the Skillsoft’s Leadership & Business and Technology & Development program for nine months.
Tax-Qualified Retirement Plan
Skillsoft has a tax-qualified retirement savings plan, the Skillsoft Corporation 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan (the “401(k) Plan”), under which participating employees may contribute up to the yearly statutory maximum under IRS guidelines into their 401(k) Plan accounts. In addition, under the 401(k) Plan, Skillsoft matches amounts contributed by the participant up to a certain percent of earnings, not to exceed the statutory maximum. Skillsoft currently makes matching contributions under the 401(k) Plan at a rate of 100% of up to 4% of eligible compensation contributed by participants with an annual cap of $4,000. The 401(k) Plan also allows Skillsoft to establish a profit sharing plan to which Skillsoft may make discretionary profit sharing contributions to the 401(k) Plan accounts for the benefit of participating employees who satisfy certain conditions in the discretion of the Skillsoft board of directors.
Director Compensation
During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, other than Mr. Hovsepian (whose compensation is described above), the Skillsoft board of directors consisted of individuals who are not directors of Skillsoft following Skillsoft’s restructuring in connection with its emergence from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on August 27, 2020. In addition to Mr. Hovsepian, the Skillsoft board of directors includes the following independent directors: David Aloise, Alan Carr, Eugene Davis, Sherman Edmiston, and Peter Schmitt. The new board of directors approved fees of $10,000 per month for the independent directors for their service effective August 27, 2020, and paid to each independent director in advance on the 28th of each month.
 
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SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF SKILLSOFT
The following tables present selected historical consolidated financial data of Pointwell Limited, the predecessor parent company of Skillsoft Corporation for periods prior to August 28, 2020 (the “Predecessor”) and Software Luxembourg Holding S.A., the successor-parent company of Skillsoft Corporation (the “Successor”) for periods from August 28, 2020 onwards.
On June 14, 2020, Skillsoft Corporation, a subsidiary of Pointwell Limited, announced that it had entered into a Restructuring Support Agreement (the “Skillsoft RSA”) with a majority of its first and second lien lenders with the objective of reducing long-term debt while maintaining normal operations and paying all trade creditors in full. To efficiently implement the financial restructuring, Skillsoft Corporation and certain of its affiliates (including Pointwell Limited) voluntarily filed “pre-packaged” Chapter 11 cases in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware in addition to ancillary proceedings in Canada under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act seeking recognition of the U.S. Chapter 11 proceedings in Canada. The U.S. Bankruptcy Court approved the Skillsoft RSA at the Company’s confirmation hearing on August 6, 2020 and Skillsoft and its affiliates emerged from Chapter 11 on August 27, 2020. As a result of the reorganization, ownership interest in Pointwell Limited was transferred to a newly created legal entity, Software Luxembourg Holding S.A., the shares of which are owned by the lenders who had secured interest in Skillsoft and its affiliates prior to the petition date.
The consolidated statement of operations data for the Successor period from August 28, 2020 through January 31, 2021 and the balance sheet data as of January 31, 2021 have been derived from Software Luxembourg Holding S.A.’s audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The consolidated statement of operations data for the Predecessor period from February 1, 2020 through August 27, 2020 and for the Predecessor years ended January 31, 2020 and 2019 and the balance sheet data as of January 31, 2020 have been derived from Pointwell Limited’s audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The consolidated statement of operations data for the Predecessor year ended January 31, 2018 have been derived from Pointwell Limited’s audited consolidated financial statements not included in this joint proxy statement/prospecuts.
You should read the selected financial data presented below in conjunction with “Skillsoft’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the Successor and Predecessor consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The financial information contained in this section relates to the Successor and Predecessor, prior to and without giving pro forma effect to the impact of the Merger and the results reflected in this section may not be indicative of our results going forward.
 
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Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
($ in thousands)
Successor
Predecessor
Aug 28,
2020
through
Jan 31,
2021
Feb 1, 2020
through
Aug 27,
2020
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2020
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2019
Fiscal Year
Ended
January 31,
2018
Revenues:
Total revenues(1)
$ 108,768 $ 273,851 $ 514,021 $ 534,141 $ 547,309
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues
40,898 52,160 96,044 98,636 106,274
Content and software development
30,028 38,986 67,951 57,332 60,500
Selling and marketing
55,285 75,028 140,785 150,179 143,898
General and administrative
21,636 37,455 57,356 51,421 45,344
Recapitalization and transaction-related costs
15,928 32,099 16,244
Amortization of intangible assets
39,824 34,378 96,359 151,752 194,739
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets
332,376 440,598 16,094
Restructuring
4,341 1,179 1,900 2,073 2,524
      Total operating expenses
207,940 603,661 917,237 527,487 553,279
Operating (loss) income
(99,172) (329,810) (403,216) 6,654 (5,970)
Interest expense, net
(19,936) (168,236) (429,657) (395,842) (346,186)
Reorganization items, net
3,329,245
Other income (expense)
3,452 1,268 (5,120) (5,624) 8,812
Loss before provision (benefit) for income taxes
(115,656) 2,832,467 (837,993) (394,812) (343,344)
Provision for income taxes
(21,934) 68,455 11,212 5,027 1,373
Net (loss) income
$ (93,722) $ 2,764,012 $ (849,205) $ (399,839) $ (344,717)
(1)
On February 1, 2019, Predecessor adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. See Note 2 in the Pointwell Limited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus for additional information.
 
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Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
($ in thousands)
Successor
Predecessor
As of January 31,
As of January 31,
2021
2020
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 71,479 $ 18,799
Accounts receivable, net
      179,784 193,024
Total current assets(1)
284,553 263,250
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(1)(2)
66,925 68,790
Term loans and related-party debt and accrued interest
515,436 4,238,068
Total shareholder’s equity (deficit)
579,969 (2,761,744)
(1)
On February 1, 2019, Predecessor adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. See Note 2 in the Pointwell Limited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus for additional information.
(2)
On February 1, 2020, Predecessor adopted ASC Topic 842, Leases. See Note 2 in the Pointwell Limited and Software Luxembourg Holdings interim financial statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus for additional information.
 
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SKILLSOFT’S MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with “Summary Historical Financial and Other Data for Skillsoft,” “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements,” “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Information of Skillsoft” and Skillsoft’s consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. Certain statements in this “Skillsoft’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements regarding Skillsoft’s plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Skillsoft’s future results and financial condition may differ materially from those currently anticipated as a result of the factors described under sections titled “Forward-Looking Statements; Market, Ranking and Other Industry Data” and “Risk Factors.” “We,” “us,” and “our” as used herein refer to Skillsoft prior to the consummation of the Merger and to the Post-Combination Company following the consummation of the Merger.
Results of Operations
Our financial results for Pointwell Limited for the periods from February 1, 2020 through August 27, 2020, and for the years ended January 31, 2020 and 2019 are referred to as those of the “Predecessor” period. Our financial results for Software Luxembourg Holding S.A. for the period from August 28, 2020 through January 31, 2021 are referred to as those of the “Successor” period. Our results of operations as reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements for these periods are prepared in accordance with GAAP. Although GAAP requires that we report on our results for the period from February 1, 2020 through August 27, 2020, and August 28, 2020 through January 31, 2021 separately, management views the Company’s operating results for the year ended January 31, 2021 by combining the results of the applicable Predecessor and Successor periods because such presentation provides the meaningful comparison of our results to prior periods.
We cannot adequately benchmark the operating results of the period from February 1, 2020 through January 31, 2021 against any of the previous periods reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements without combining the Predecessor period from February 1, 2020 through August 27, 2020 and the Successor period from August 28, 2020 through January 31, 2021 and do not believe that reviewing the results of this period in isolation would be useful in identifying trends in or reaching conclusions regarding our overall operating performance. Management believes that the key performance metrics such as revenue and operating (loss) income for the Successor period when combined with the Predecessor period provides more meaningful comparisons to other periods and are useful in identifying current business trends. Accordingly, in addition to presenting our results of operations as reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP, the tables and discussion below also present the combined results for the year ended January 31, 2021.
The combined results for the year ended January 31, 2021, which we refer to herein as the results for the “year ended January 31, 2021” or “2021” represent the sum of the reported amounts for the Predecessor period from February 1, 2020 through August 27, 2020 and the Successor period from August 28, 2020 through January 31, 2021. These combined results are not considered to be prepared in accordance with GAAP and have not been prepared as pro forma results per applicable regulations. The combined operating results do not reflect the actual results we would have achieved absent our emergence from bankruptcy and may not be indicative of future results.
 
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The table below presents the comparison of our historical results of operations for the periods presented:
Successor
Predecessor
Non-GAAP
Combined
Predecessor
Predecessor
(In thousands)
Period
from
August 28,
2020
through
January 31,
2021
Period
from
February 1,
2020
through
August 27,
2020
Year
Ended
January 31,
2021
Year
Ended
January 31,
2020
Year
Ended
January 31,
2019
Revenues:
Total revenues
$ 108,768 $ 273,851 $ 382,619 $ 514,021 $ 534,141
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues
40,898 52,160 93,058 96,044 98,636
Content and software development
30,028 38,986 69,014 67,951 57,332
Selling and marketing
55,285 75,028 130,313 140,785 150,179
General and administrative
21,636 37,455 59,091 57,356 51,421
Recapitalization and Transaction-related costs
15,928 32,099 48,027 16,244
Amortization of intangible assets
39,824 34,378 74,202 96,359 151,752
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets
332,376 332,376 440,598 16,094
Restructuring
4,341 1,179 5,520 1,900 2,073
Total operating expenses
207,940 603,661 811,601 917,237 527,487
Operating (loss) income
(99,172) (329,810) (428,982) (403,216) 6,654
Interest and other expense, net
(16,484) (166,968) (183,452) (434,777) (401,466)
Reorganization items, net
3,329,245 3,329,245
(Loss) income before (benefit) provision for income taxes
(115,656) 2,832,467 2,716,811 (837,993) (394,812)
(Benefit) provision for income taxes
(21,934) 68,455 46,521 11,212 5,027
Net (loss) income
$ (93,722) $ 2,764,012 $ 2,670,290 $ (849,205) $ (399,839)
 
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The following table sets forth certain items from our consolidated statements of operations as a percentage of total revenues for the periods indicated:
Successor
Predecessor
Non-GAAP
Combined
Predecessor
Predecessor
Period
from
August 28,
2020
through
January 31,
2021
Period
from
February 1,
2020
through
August 27,
2020
Year
Ended
January 31,
2021
Year
Ended
January 31,
2020
Year
Ended
January 31,
2019
Revenues:
Total revenues
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues
37.6% 19.0% 24.3% 18.7% 18.5%
Content and software development
27.6% 14.2% 18.0% 13.2% 10.7%
Selling and marketing
50.8% 27.4% 34.1% 27.4% 28.1%
General and administrative
19.9% 13.7% 15.4% 11.2% 9.6%
Recapitalization and transaction costs
14.6% 11.7% 12.6% 3.2% 0.0%
Amortization of intangible assets
36.6% 12.6% 19.4% 18.7% 28.4%
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets
0.0% 121.4% 86.9% 85.7% 3.0%
Restructuring
4.0% 0.4% 1.4% 0.4% 0.4%
Total operating expenses
191.2% 220.4% 212.1% 178.4% 98.8%
Operating (loss) income
-91.2% -120.4% -112.1% -78.4% 1.2%
Interest and other expense, net
-15.2% -61.0% -47.9% -84.6% -75.2%
Reorganization items, net
0.0% 1215.7% 870.1% 0.0% 0.0%
(Loss) income before (benefit) provision for income taxes
-106.3% 1034.3% 710.1% -163.0% -73.9%
(Benefit) provision for income taxes
-20.2% 25.0% 12.2% 2.2% 0.9%
Net (loss) income
-86.2% 1009.3% 697.9% -165.2% -74.9%
Revenues
We generate revenues from our cloud-based learning solutions for enterprise, government, education and small business customers worldwide. We provide content learning solutions, principally in Leadership and Business Skills, Technology and Development, and Compliance, through two platforms: Percipio, our intelligent online learning platform that delivers an immersive learning experience, and Skillport, our legacy platform. Since its introduction in 2017, we have continued to invest in Percipio to deliver best-in-class learning experience and enhance the platform with key features and functionality. These learning solutions are typically sold on a subscription basis for a fixed term. We also provide a unified, comprehensive and configurable talent management solution through our Sum Total business unit that allows organizations to attract, develop and retain the best talent. We sell professional services related to the talent management solution, and occasionally provide perpetual and term-based licenses for on-premise versions of the solution.
 
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The following table sets forth the percentage of our revenues attributable to geographic regions for the period indicated:
Year ended January 31,
(Non-GAAP
Combined)
2021
2020
2019
Revenues:
United States
78.9% 78.8% 79.0%
Other Americas
3.6% 4.3% 4.3%
Europe, Middle East, and Africa
12.2% 11.9% 12.4%
Asia-Pacific
5.3% 5.0% 4.4%
Total revenues
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Subscription and Non-Subscription Revenue
We measure and report revenue by transaction type. Understanding revenue by transaction type helps us identify and address broad changes in the types of services customers purchase from us. We summarize our transaction type revenue into the following categories:
Subscription Revenue.   Represents revenue generated from contracts specifying a minimum fee for services delivered over the life of the contract. The initial term of these contracts is generally two to five years, with an average term of approximately two years, and are generally non-cancellable for the term of the subscription. The fee is generally paid upfront. These contracts typically consist of subscriptions to our various offerings which provide continuous access to our platforms and associated content over the contract term. Subscription revenues are inclusive of maintenance revenue for SumTotal. Subscription revenue is usually recognized ratably over the contract term.
Non-Subscription Revenue.   Primarily represents professional services related to implementation of our offerings and subsequent ongoing consulting engagements. Our non-subscription services complement our subscription business in creating strong and comprehensive customer relationships.
The following table sets forth subscription and non-subscription revenue for our Content and SumTotal business units for the period indicated:
Year Ended January 31,
(In thousands)
(Non-GAAP
Combined)
2021
2020
2019
Subscription revenues:
Content
$ 257,432 $ 351,124 $ 367,940
SumTotal
87,388 112,649 124,461
Total subscription revenues
344,820 463,773 492,401
Non-subscription revenues:
Content
11,231 11,379 10,376
SumTotal
26,568 38,869 31,364
Total non-subscription revenues
37,799 50,248 41,740
Total revenues
$ 382,619 $ 514,021 $ 534,141
 
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Revenue by Type
The following is a summary of our revenues by type for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:
Year Ended January 31,
(In thousands, except percentages)
(Non-GAAP
Combined)
2021
2020
Dollar Increase /
(Decrease)
Percent
Change
Revenues:
SaaS and subscription services
$ 327,971 $ 439,791 $ (111,820) (25.4)%
Software maintenance
16,849 23,982 (7,133) (29.7)%
Professional services
34,045 45,661 (11,616) (25.4)%
Perpetual and term-based software licenses
3,727 1,885 1,841 97.7%
Hardware and other
27 2,702 (2,674) (99.0)%
Total net revenues
$ 382,619 $ 514,021 $ (131,402) (25.6)%
Year Ended January 31,
Dollar Increase /
(Decrease)
Percent
Change
(In thousands, except percentages)
2020
2019
Revenues:
SaaS and subscription services
$ 439,791 $ 462,240 $ (22,449) (4.9)%
Software maintenance
23,982 30,161 (6,179) (20.5)%
Professional services
45,661 38,043 7,618 20.0%
Perpetual and term-based software licenses
1,885 3,340 (1,455) (43.6)%
Hardware and other
2,702 357 2,345 656.9%
Total net revenues
$ 514,021 $ 534,141 $ (20,120) (3.8)%
Non-GAAP Combined FY 2021 Compared to FY 2020
Revenues decreased $131.4 million, or 25.6%, for Non-GAAP Combined 2021, compared to 2020. The primary reason for the decrease in GAAP revenue is due to the application of fresh-start reporting that requires beginning deferred revenue in the Successor period to be reduced to its estimated fair value. The application of fresh-start reporting resulted in a decrease in GAAP revenue of approximately $92 million compared to 2020. The impact of fresh-start reporting will also decrease GAAP revenue in future quarters, with progressively less impact, through July 31, 2021. The remaining decrease in revenues for 2021 was largely related to Content revenues, driven by lower customer retention on, and new sales related to, our legacy Skillport platform. This decline related partly to the customer experience on Skillport, as well as to competitive offerings. Offsetting this decline was higher retention associated with Content customers migrating to the Percipio platform, as well as new sales of Percipio.
Burdened by excessive debt prior to our recent recapitalization, we have had limited financial flexibility in recent years to increase investments in accelerating migrations to the Percipio platform. With a right-sized capital structure and significant additional liquidity, we have increased our investments and other activities to accelerate migrations and improve overall competitiveness, leading to expected growth of revenues from customers on the Percipio platform. As such, we expect increased retention of existing customers, as well as sales to new customers, to increase over the next year, leading to stabilization and then increases in adjusted GAAP revenue. Due to the adverse events that caused order intake to decline in 2021, including the COVID-19 pandemic along with the continuing adverse impact of Skillport on the Content business, which in turn will impact 2022 revenue, we project that our adjusted revenues for 2022 will be lower than the 2021 (when excluding the impact of the fair value adjustment to deferred revenue discussed above). The COVID-19 pandemic also resulted in higher usage of our products by existing customers during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021. We believe this usage bodes well for future retention of such customers, as well as for wider acceptance of digital learning by businesses generally.
 
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The decline in maintenance revenue is attributable to our SumTotal business, which has historically offered on-premise perpetual licenses, term-based licenses and SaaS versions of its products. In recent years, we have deemphasized the sale of perpetual and term licenses in favor of our SaaS offering to mirror changes in customer preferences. Given our historical offerings, we have a large installed base of customers who purchased perpetual software licenses many years ago who continue to purchase maintenance, however, maintenance revenue has and will continue to decline in the future as we experience normal attrition in our installed base and new customers start on our SaaS platform.
As of January 31, 2021, we had approximately 1,598 customers under contract for Percipio, 681 customers for Dual Deployment and 1,333 customers for solely our legacy Skillport platform. For the Non-GAAP Combined fiscal year ended January 31, 2021, revenue attributable to Percipio, Dual Deployment and Skillport contracts represented 14%, 46% and 40%, respectively, of our content revenue compared to 6%, 24% and 70% for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, with the shift towards Percipio and Dual Deployment being consistent with our strategy of moving customers off our legacy Skillport platform where we have experienced lower retention rates. We expect the trend of customers migrating to Percipio to continue in future periods.
FY 2020 Compared to FY 2019
The decrease in total net revenues for 2020, compared to 2019, related primarily to our content learning solutions. The decline was largely driven by lower customer retention on, and new sales related to, Skillport. This decline related partly to the customer experience on Skillport, as well as to competitive offerings. Offsetting this decline was higher retention associated with customers migrating to the Percipio platform, as well as new sales of Percipio. Burdened by excessive debt, we had limited financial flexibility to increase investments in accelerating migrations to Percipio. The increase in professional services revenue was largely attributable to the adoption of ASC 606 on February 1, 2019, which changed how we allocate discounts between contractual elements. Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, when allocating arrangement consideration between professional services and other contractual elements, the amount of revenue allocated to professional services was limited to the amount that was not contingent. Under ASC 606, we allocate arrangement consideration to all distinct performance obligations based on our estimate of standalone selling price.
Operating expenses
Year Ended January 31,
Dollar Increase/
(Decrease)
Percent
Change
(In thousands, except percentages)
(Non-GAAP
Combined)
2021
2020
Cost of revenues
$ 93,058 $ 96,044 $ (2,986) (3.1)%
Content and software development
69,014 67,951 1,063 1.6%
Selling and marketing
130,313 140,785 (10,472) (7.4)%
General and administrative
59,091 57,356 1,735 3.0%
Recapitalization and transaction costs
48,027 16,244 31,783 195.7%
Amortization of intangible assets
74,202 96,359 (22,157) (23.0)%
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets
332,376 440,598 (108,222) (24.6)%
Restructuring
5,520 1,900 3,620 190.5%
Total operating expenses
$ 811,601 $ 917,237 $ (105,636) (11.5)%
 
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Year Ended January 31,
Dollar Increase/
(Decrease)
Percent
Change
(In thousands, except percentages)
2020
2019
Cost of revenues
$ 96,044 $ 98,636 $ (2,592) (2.6)%
Content and software development
67,951 57,332 10,619 18.5%
Selling and marketing
140,785 150,179 (9,394) (6.3)%
General and administrative
57,356 51,421 5,935 11.5%
Recapitalization and transaction costs
16,244 16,244 100.0%
Amortization of intangible assets
96,359 151,752 (55,393) (36.5)%
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets
440,598 16,094 424,504 2637.7%
Restructuring
1,900 2,073 (173) (8.3)%
Total operating expenses
$ 917,237 $ 527,487 $ 389,750 73.9%
Cost of revenues
Cost of revenues consists primarily of employee salaries and benefits for professional service and customer support personnel; royalties; hosting services; software maintenance; facilities costs; depreciation; and consulting services. The table below provides details regarding the changes in components of cost of revenues.
2021 Increase/(Decrease)
From 2020
2020 Increase/(Decrease)
From 2019
(in thousands, except percentages)
$
%
$
%
Consulting and outside services
$ (4,746) (60.1)% $ 1,954 32.9%
Hosting and software maintenance
2,059 20.2% 518 5.3%
Royalties
(863) (4.9)% (1,466) (7.6)%
Facilities and utilities
588 37.2% (251) (13.7)%
Compensation and benefits
326 0.6% (208) (0.4)%
Depreciation
(389) (7.1)% (3,098) (36.3)%
Other
39 13.3% (41) (12.4)%
Total cost of revenues decrease
$ (2,986) (3.1)% $ (2,592) (2.6)%
Non-GAAP combined FY 2021 Compared to FY 2020
The decrease in consulting and outside services expenses from 2020 to 2021 was primarily due to the sales decline in our SumTotal business resulting in less outsourced professional services in 2021. The increase in hosting and software maintenance from 2020 to 2021 was due to increased customer usage and temporary duplicative maintenance costs related to the migration of our Percipio hosting environment to a third-party cloud provider. The decrease in royalties for 2021, compared to 2020, was consistent with the sales decline in 2021.
FY 2020 Compared to FY 2019
The decrease in depreciation expenses from 2019 to 2020 was primarily due to data center equipment being fully depreciated, with all such equipment not replaced given the plan to migrate to cloud hosting for our content solutions offerings. The decrease in royalties for 2020, compared to 2019, was consistent with the sales decline in 2020. The increases in consulting and outside services and hosting and software maintenance from 2019 to 2020 was due to increased customer usage resulting in capacity needs for Percipio, as well as costs related to the migration to cloud hosting for our content solutions offerings.
Content and software development
Content and software development expenses include costs associated with the development of new products and the enhancement of existing products, consisting primarily of employee salaries and benefits;
 
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development related professional services; facilities costs; depreciation; and software maintenance costs. The table below provides details regarding the changes in components of content and software development expenses.
2021 Increase/(Decrease)
From 2020
2020 Increase/(Decrease)
From 2019
(in thousands, except percentages)
$
%
$
%
Compensation and benefits
$ 2,560 6.3% $ 5,302 15.0%
Consulting and outside services
(1,994) (10.4)% 4,521 30.8%
Facilities and utilities
155 2.7% 771 15.7%
Other
342 14.9% 25 1.1%
Total content and software development expenses increase
$ 1,063 1.6% $ 10,619 18.5%
Non-GAAP Combined FY 2021 Compared to FY 2020
The increase in compensation and benefits from 2020 to 2021 was primarily due to incentive-based compensation in 2021. The decrease in consulting and outside services for 2021, compared to 2020, was primarily due to the decreased outsourced content development costs in 2021. We spent less on translating existing content into different languages and focused more on creating new content in 2021.
FY 2020 Compared to FY 2019
The increases in all expense categories from 2019 to 2020 were primarily the result of our increased investments to refresh and improve our learning content, as well as to continue to improve the Percipio platform. Accelerating migrations from the Skillport legacy platform to the Percipio content delivery platform also contributed to the increased cost in 2020.
Selling and marketing
Selling and marketing, or S&M, expenses consist primarily of employee salaries and benefits for selling, marketing and pre-sales support personnel; commissions; travel expenses; advertising and promotional expenses; consulting and outside services; facilities costs; depreciation; and software maintenance costs. The table below provides details regarding the changes in components of S&M expenses.
2021 Increase/(Decrease)
From 2020
2020 Increase/(Decrease)
From 2019
(in thousands, except percentages)
$
%
$
%
Compensation and benefits
$ (5,793) (5.8)% $ (9,700) (8.8)%
Travel-related
(8,844) (82.6)% (549) (4.9)%
Advertising and promotions
2,684 21.8% 2,060 20.1%
Consulting and outside services
3,055 99.1% (508) (14.1)%
Facilities and utilities
(1,392) (12.8)% (682) (5.9)%
Software Maintenance
(63) (1.9)% 133 4.3%
Other
(119) (40.9)% (148) (33.7)%
Total S&M expenses decrease
$ (10,472) (7.4)% $ (9,394) (6.3)%
Non-GAAP Combined FY 2021 Compared to FY 2020
The decrease in compensation and benefits for 2021, compared to 2020, was primarily due to lower commission expenses as a result of the application of fresh-start reporting, which required us to eliminate the balance of deferred commissions which otherwise would have been recognized as commission expense in the Successor period. Also contributing to the decline was a reduction in medical expenses, where our self-insured plan experienced lower claims than normal during the COVID-19 pandemic. We expect the declines in GAAP compensation and benefits expenses to be temporary and for such costs to increase in the next
 
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fiscal year. The increases in advertising and promotions and consulting and outside services expenses from 2020 to 2021 were primarily due to the increased investment in our company brand, go-to-market strategy, and new sales models to create new sales opportunities, win new business and increase customer retention. The decrease in facilities and utilities costs from 2020 to 2021 related primarily to lower costs attributable to S&M due to a lower number of sales personnel in 2021.
FY 2020 Compared to FY 2019
The decrease in compensation and benefits for 2020, compared to 2019, was due to reductions in sales personnel and lower commission expenses as a result of the adoption of ASC 606 in 2020, which impacted the timing of our commissions expense compared to previous GAAP. The increase in advertising and promotions was primarily related to the initiative to target line of business leaders within organizations, such as technology and compliance leaders, to win new business and increase customer retention. The decrease in facilities and utilities costs from 2019 to 2020 related primarily to lower costs attributable to S&M due to a lower number of sales personnel in 2020.
General and administrative
General and administrative, or G&A, expenses consist primarily of employee salaries and benefits for executive, finance, administrative, and legal personnel; audit, legal and consulting fees; insurance; franchise, sales and property taxes; facilities costs; and depreciation. The table below provides details regarding the changes in components of G&A expenses.
2021 Increase/(Decrease)
From 2020
2020 Increase/(Decrease)
From 2019
(in thousands, except percentages)
$
%
$
%
Compensation and benefits
$ 8,425 27.9% $ (549) (1.8)%
Related party loan impairment
(5,394) (100.0)% 5,394 100.0%
Consulting and outside services
(923) (6.4)% (217) (1.5)%
Franchise, sales, and property tax
651 40.7% 326 25.6%
Other
(1,024) (17.8)% 981 20.5%
Total G&A expenses increase
$ 1,735 3.0% $ 5,935 11.5%
Non-GAAP Combined FY 2021 Compared to FY 2020
The increase in compensation and benefits for 2021, compared to 2020, was primarily due to one-time retention bonuses paid to key employees in connection with the Company’s Chapter 11 filing and recapitalization efforts. The decrease in related-party loan impairment was due to a one-time impairment described below that did not reoccur in 2021. The decrease in consulting and outside services expenses for 2021, compared to 2020, was primarily due to decreased debt management fees as a result of our reorganization, where we were paying fees related to the Senior Credit Facilities (e.g. commitment fees, agency fees, letter of credit fees) until we voluntarily filed “pre-packaged” Chapter 11 cases in June 2020. The increase in franchise, sales and property tax is primarily due to our new parent company’s capital-based tax, which is now higher due to our lower amount of outstanding debt. The decrease in other expenses for 2021, compared to 2020, related primarily to reduced travel-related services in 2020.
FY 2020 Compared to FY 2019
In 2020, we recorded a related party loan impairment of $5.4 million attributable to loans issued in conjunction with tax liabilities incurred by certain executive management that the Company paid on their behalf, in return for recourse notes. We took a full impairment on these loans based on our assessment of the likelihood of repayment in 2020, and we subsequently forgave these loans. The decrease in compensation and benefits for 2020, compared to 2019, was primarily due to the annual bonus accrued in 2019, which was offset by the increase in salaries due to additional positions added to our new leadership team and G&A function in 2020. The increase in other expenses for 2020, compared to 2019, related primarily to usage of a remaining commitment from 2019 of travel services.
 
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Recapitalization and transaction costs
Recapitalization and transaction costs consist of professional fees for legal, investment banking and other advisor costs incurred in connection with our recapitalization efforts, including the evaluation of strategic alternatives, preparation for the Chapter 11 filing, and activities related to the planned merger with Churchill Capital, but excluding those professional fees reflected in “Reorganization Items, Net,” as explained below.
Amortization of intangible assets
Intangible assets arising from business combinations are developed technology, customer-related intangibles, trade names and other identifiable intangible assets with finite lives. These intangible assets are amortized over the estimated useful lives of such assets. We also capitalize certain internal use software development costs related to our SaaS platform incurred during the application development stage. The internal use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life.
The decrease in amortization of intangible assets for 2021, compared to 2020, was primarily due to certain intangibles assets arising from business combinations becoming fully amortized during 2020 and due to the write down of impaired assets in the Predecessor period from February 1, 2020 through August 27, 2020. This was partially offset by the impact of amortization of intangible assets that arose from our reorganization and related application of fresh-start reporting on August 27, 2020.
The decrease in amortization of intangible assets for 2020, compared to 2019, was primarily due to certain intangibles assets arising from business combinations becoming fully amortized during 2019. In addition, in 2019, we impaired the unamortized value of our Books24x7 and Vodeclic tradenames, as such no additional amortization was recognized during 2020.
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets
For our annual impairment assessments of indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill conducted as of December 31, 2020, management considered qualitative factors to determine if it was more likely than not that impairments were present. In performing this qualitative assessment, management noted (i) the recent date of the fresh-start reporting valuation, (ii) the higher valuation suggested by the pending acquisition by Churchill, (iii) in the case of goodwill, a decrease in the carrying value of both reporting units since the original measurement date and (iv) the absence of any other factors that would indicate any declines in fair value. Based on these qualitative factors, management concluded it is not more likely than not that (i) the Skillsoft tradename intangible asset is impaired or (ii) the fair value of the company’s two reporting units are less than their carrying amounts.
During the Predecessor period ending August 27, 2020, the emergence of COVID-19 as a global pandemic had an adverse impact on our business. While the online learnings tools we offer have many advantages over traditional in person learning in the current environment, some of our customers have sought to temporarily reduce spending, resulting in reductions in contract sizes and in some cases customers not entering into new contracts when their existing subscription terms ended. In addition, identifying and pursing opportunities for new customers became much more challenging in this environment. As a result of the expected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, management decreased its estimates of future cash flows. In addition to the uncertainty introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic, our over-leveraged capital structure continued to create headwinds. In April 2020, we received temporary forbearance from our lenders due to a default on amounts owed under the Senior Credit Facility as a long-term consensual solution was being negotiated with lenders. The uncertainty around our capital structure and future ownership continued to hurt our business, as new and existing customers displayed apprehension about the ultimate resolution of our capital structure and its impact on operations, causing delays and sometimes losses in business. The uncertainty surrounding our capital structure combined with the potential impact that the COVID-19 pandemic would have on our company and the global economy, resulted in a significant decline in the fair value of our reporting units during the predecessor period ended August 27, 2020.
As part of our evaluation of impairment indicators based on the circumstances described above as of April 30, 2020, we determined the SumTotal long-lived asset group failed the undiscounted cash flow
 
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recoverability test. Accordingly, we estimated the fair value of our individual long-lived assets to determine if any impairment charges were present. Our estimation of the fair value of definite lived intangible assets included the use of discounted cash flow analyses which reflected estimates of future revenue, customer attrition rates, royalty rates, cash flows, and discount rates. Based on these analyses, we concluded the fair values of certain SumTotal intangible assets were lower than their current carrying values and, accordingly, impairment charges of $62.3 million were recognized for the Predecessor period from February 1, 2020 to August 27, 2020.
In light of the circumstances above, we also concluded that a triggering event had occurred with respect to the Company’s indefinite-lived Skillsoft trade name as of April 30, 2020. Accordingly, we estimated the fair value of the Skillsoft trade name using a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) analysis which reflected estimates of future revenue, royalty rates, cash flows, and discount rates. Based on this analysis, we concluded the carrying value of the Skillsoft trade name exceeded its fair value, resulting in an impairment charge of $92.2 million for the Predecessor period from February 1, 2020 to August 27, 2020.
In accordance with ASC 350, for goodwill we determined triggering events had occurred and performed an impairment test as of April 30, 2020 that compared the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to their respective carrying values. We considered the results of a DCF analysis, which were also materially corroborated by an EBITDA multiple approach. The results of the impairment tests performed indicated that the carrying values of the Skillsoft and SumTotal reporting units exceeded their estimated fair values determined by the Company. Based on the results of the goodwill impairment testing procedures, the Company recorded a $107.9 million goodwill impairment for the Skillsoft reporting unit and a $70.0 million goodwill impairment for the SumTotal reporting unit.
In total, as described in detail above, we recorded $332.4 million of impairment charges for the Predecessor period from February 1, 2020 to August 27, 2020, consisting of (i) $62.3 million of impairments of SumTotal definite-lived intangible assets, (ii) an $92.2 million impairment of the Skillsoft trade name, (iii) a $107.9 million goodwill impairment for the Skillsoft reporting unit and (iv) a $70.0 million goodwill impairment for the SumTotal reporting unit.
During the year ended January 31, 2020, we faced significant market competition. In addition, while we continued to make significant investments in Percipio and other contemporary products, attrition rates on Skillport and other legacy products remained high. On top of market and competitive dynamics, our over-leveraged capital structure also created additional headwinds. With significant debt maturities in 2021 and 2022, and related downgrades from rating agencies, concerns over the capital structure began to hurt our business, as new and existing customers displayed apprehension about the ultimate resolution of our capital structure and its impact on operations, causing delays and sometimes losses in business. The capital structure and heavy debt service also constrained investments in areas such as marketing, where spending was considerably lower than our competitors, resulting in additional pressure on retaining and attracting customers. The combination of these factors resulted in lower bookings, revenue, profitability and free cash flow generation during the year ended January 31, 2020.
In accordance with ASC 350, we performed an impairment test that compared the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to their respective carrying values. We considered the results of both a DCF analysis and an EBITDA multiple approach, similar to prior periods. We also considered observable debt trading prices for the debt jointly borrowed by our parent entity and our subsidiary, Skillsoft Corporation, after adjusting for a control premium. The results of the impairment tests performed indicated that the carrying value of the Skillsoft and SumTotal reporting units exceeded their estimated fair values determined by the Company. Based on the results of our impairment testing, the Company recorded $440.6 million of goodwill impairment charges for the nine months ended October 31, 2019, including a $321.3 million for the Skillsoft reporting unit and $119.3 million for the SumTotal reporting unit.
Restructuring
In January 2021, we committed to a restructuring plan that encompassed a series of measures intended to improve our operating efficiency, competitiveness and business profitability. These included workforce reductions mainly within our SumTotal business, and consolidation of facilities as we are adopting new work
 
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arrangements for certain locations. We recorded $5.5 million of restructuring charge in fiscal year ended January 31, 2021, which included $5.2 million of severance costs and $0.3 million of facility restructuring related costs.
In connection with our strategic initiatives implemented during 2020 and 2019, we approved and initiated plans to reduce our cost structure and better align operating expenses with existing economic conditions and our operating model. We recorded $1.9 million and $2.1 million in restructuring charges during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Substantially all of these charges represent the severance costs of terminated employees.
Interest and other expense
Interest and other expense, net, consists of gain and loss on derivative instruments, interest income, interest expense, and other expense and income.
Year Ended January 31,
Dollar (Increase)/
Decrease
Percent Change
(In thousands, except percentages)
(Non-GAAP
Combined) 2021
2020
Other income (expense), net
$ 4,725 $ (1,058) $ 5,783 (546.6)%
Loss on derivative instruments
(5) (4,062) 4,057 (99.9)%
Interest income
129 306 (177) (57.8)%
Interest expense, net
(188,301) (429,963) 241,662 (56.2)%
Interest and other expense, net
$ (183,452) $ (434,777) $ 251,325 (57.8)%
Year Ended January 31,
Dollar (Increase)/
Decrease
Percent
Change
(In thousands, except percentages)
2020
2019
Other expense, net
$ (1,058) $ (3,340) $ 2,282 (68.3)%
Loss on derivative instruments
(4,062) (2,284) (1,778) 77.8%
Interest income
306 687 (381) (55.5)%
Interest expense
(429,963) (396,529) (33,434) 8.4%
Interest and other expense, net
$ (434,777) $ (401,466) $ (33,311) 8.3%
Non-GAAP Combined FY 2021 Compared to FY 2020
The other income in 2021 was primarily due to the fair value adjustment of the warrants that the holders of the Predecessor’s debt received in connection with the Reorganization to purchase common shares of the Successor Company. The fair value of the interest rate cap derivative was zero at January 31, 2021 and was immaterial at January 31, 2020. The decrease in interest expense from 2020 to 2021 was the result of our Reorganization through voluntarily filed “pre-packaged” Chapter 11 cases completed in August 2020, which resulted in substantially less outstanding debt.
FY 2020 Compared to FY 2019
The decrease in other expense, net, from 2019 to 2020 was primarily due to an impairment charge on the note receivable we had in relation to the sale of our print business in 2019. The fair value of the interest rate cap derivative was effectively zero at January 31, 2020, and the change in the fair value of the derivative resulted in losses of $4.1 million in 2020. The increase in interest expense from 2019 to 2020 was due to impact of compounding rates on certain loans due to our parent entity, Evergreen Skills Lux S.à.r.l. as a result of accrued but unpaid interest. We were separated from Evergreen Skills Lux S.à.r.l. effective August 27, 2020 as a result of the reorganization. In connection with the separation, all amounts due to the parent entity were cancelled with no cash consideration transferred by either party.
Non-GAAP Combined FY 2021 Reorganization Items, Net
During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021, we recognized Reorganization items, net of $3.3 billion related to our emergence from the Chapter 11, which consisted primarily of the net gain from the
 
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consummation of the Plan of Reorganization and the related extinguishment of certain debt obligations. In addition, Reorganization items, net included professional fees recognized between the June 14, 2020 Petition Date and the August 27, 2020 Effective Date in connection with our emergence from Chapter 11.
Provision for income taxes
Year Ended January 31,
Dollar
Increase/
(Decrease)
Percent
Change
(In thousands, except percentages)
(Non-GAAP
Combined)
2021
2020
Provision for income taxes
$ 46,521 $ 11,212 $ 35,309 314.9%
Effective income tax rate
1.7% (1.3)% 3.1% (228)%
Year Ended January 31,
Dollar
Increase/
(Decrease)
Percent
Change
(In thousands, except percentages)
2020
2019
Provision for income taxes
$ 11,212 $ 5,027 $ 6,185 123%
Effective income tax rate
(1.3)% (1.3)% 0.0% 0.0%
Non-GAAP Combined FY 2021 Compared to FY 2020
Provision for income taxes increased by $35.3 million in 2021, primarily due to the impact of cancellation of indebtedness income (“CODI”) arising from our Reorganization, changes to the tax basis in certain assets, and changes to our valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets in Ireland and the United States.
Our effective income tax rate was 1.7% for 2021. The effective income tax rate in 2021 differs from the Luxembourg statutory rate of 24.9% due to the permanent exclusion of the gain on liabilities subject to compromise, US deferred tax adjustments related to the tax effects of CODI and deferred tax adjustments related to fresh-start accounting adoption recognized at varying tax rates.
FY 2020 Compared to FY 2019
Provision for income taxes increased by $6.2 million in 2020, primarily due to an increase in the valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets in Ireland and the United States, partially offset by our earnings in foreign jurisdictions that are subject to significantly higher tax rates than the Ireland statutory tax rate.
Our effective income tax rate was (1.3)% for 2019 and 2020. The effective income tax rate in 2020 differs from the Ireland statutory rate of 12.5% due primarily to a non-deductible impairment of goodwill and an increase in our valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets in Ireland and the United States, which were partially offset by the impact of foreign earnings in higher tax jurisdictions.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
On June 14, 2020 (the “Petition Date”), Pointwell and certain of its subsidiaries, including Skillsoft Corporation (collectively, the “Debtors”), commenced voluntary “prepackaged” petitions for relief (the “Chapter 11 Cases”) under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware (“the Bankruptcy Court”) pursuant to a prepetition restructuring support agreement (the “Skillsoft RSA”) entered into with the substantial majority of its first and second lien lenders with the objective of reducing long-term debt while maintaining normal operations and paying all trade creditors in full. On June 15, 2020 the Debtors filed a plan of reorganization (as amended, the “Plan of Reorganization”) and a related disclosure statement (“the Disclosure Statement”) with the Bankruptcy Court which was subsequently amended by revised filings. In addition to supporting the Plan of Reorganization, certain of the Debtors’ consenting first lien lenders agreed to support the Debtors’ restructuring process by providing the Debtors with $60 million in post-petition financing (the “DIP Facility” and the lenders under such facility, the “DIP Lenders”).
On August 27, 2020 (the “Effective Date”), the Debtors consummated the Plan of Reorganization and emerged from Chapter 11. Upon emergence, all claims related to the DIP Facility were discharged and the
 
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DIP Facility Lenders received, in full and final satisfaction of such claims, on a dollar for dollar basis, the First Out Term Loan (as defined below). All claims related to the Predecessor Company’s outstanding obligations under the variable rate loans and first lien senior notes (collectively, the “Predecessor first lien obligations”) were discharged, and the holders of claims with respect to the Predecessor first lien obligations received, in full and final satisfaction of such claims, its pro rata share of the Second Out Term Loans (as defined below) and 3,840,000 Class A ordinary shares of the Successor. All claims related to the Predecessor’s outstanding obligations under the second lien senior notes (the “Predecessor second lien obligations”) were discharged, and the holders of claims with respect to the Predecessor second lien obligations received, in full and final satisfaction of such claims 160,000 Class B ordinary shares of the Successor and warrants to purchase common shares of the new parent company of Pointwell, Software Luxembourg Holding S.A.
Upon emergence, the Exit Credit Facility of $520 million consists of (i) a $110 million super senior term loan facility (the “First Out Term Loan”), and (ii) a $410 million first lien, second-out term loan facility (the “Second Out Term Loan”). The Exit Credit Facility bears interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus 7.50% per annum, with a LIBOR floor of 1.00%. The First Out Term Loan is due in December 2024 and the Second Out Term Loan is due April 2025. The Exit Credit Facility contains customary provisions and reporting requirements, including prepayment penalties and a maximum leverage covenant that will be first measured January 31, 2022 and each quarter thereafter. Quarterly principal repayments of $1.3 million begin for the quarter ended April 30, 2021 and increase to $2.6 million for the quarter ended April 30, 2022 until maturity.
The Reorganization resulted in a new capital structure with significantly lower levels of debt and a corresponding decrease in interest payments. As a result of the Reorganization, our consolidated debt decreased from $3.4 billion to $0.6 billion. After emergence, we have funded operations primarily through the use of cash collected from our customers and the proceeds received from the Exit Credit Facility, supplemented from the borrowings under our accounts receivable facility. Our principal sources of liquidity include cash and cash equivalents totaling $71.5 million as of January 31, 2021.
Our cash requirements vary depending on factors such as the growth of the business, changes in working capital, and capital expenditures. We expect to operate the business and execute our strategic initiatives principally with funds generated from operations and supplemented from borrowings up to a maximum of $75.0 million under our accounts receivable facility. We anticipate that we will have sufficient internal and external sources of liquidity to fund operations and anticipated working capital and other expected cash needs for at least the next 12 months as well as for the foreseeable future with capital sources currently available.
The Post-Combination Company expects to have approximately $716.7 million in cash (assuming no redemptions by Churchill’s public stockholders) or $153.7 million (assuming maximum redemptions by Churchill’s public stockholders while still satisfying the closing conditions to the Merger in the Skillsoft Merger Agreement and assuming that Skillsoft has $71.5 million in cash immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger and Churchill has $1,162.0 million in cash immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger, including any proceeds of the PIPE Investments and transaction expenses equal to $39.0 million) in cash immediately following the consummation of the Merger, which we expect to support our operations and investments in the near term.
The following table sets summarized financial information for the condensed combined company for the year ended December 31, 2020, on a pro forma combined basis, and after giving effect to the Skillsoft Reorganization, the Merger, the Global Knowledge Merger and the related transactions.
 
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Pro Forma Condensed Combined
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
No
Redemptions(1)
Max
Redemptions(2)
Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations:
Year ended December 31, 2020
Revenue
$ 532,137 $ 532,137
Operating loss
(634,845) (634,845)
Net income
$ 2,520,072 $ 2,520,072
Net earnings per share – basic and diluted
$ 15.02 $ 21.55
Weighted-average Class A shares outstanding – basic and diluted
167,750,000 116,962,159
Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet:
As of December 31, 2020
Total current assets
$ 832,998 $ 320,041
Total assets
$ 2,585,592 $ 2,072,635
Total current liabilities
356,935 356,935
Total liabilities
$ 1,257,443 $ 1,257,443
Total stockholders’ equity
$ 1,328,149 $ 815,192
(1)
Reflecting the First and Second Step Prosus Investment and the Lodbrok PIPE Investment under a No Redemptions scenario. Refer to the section “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information” for more information.
(2)
Reflecting the First and Second Step Prosus Investment (without any reduction to the 40,000,000 shares of Churchill Class A common stock subscribed for by Prosus in its exercise of the Option and assuming no exercise of the Prosus Top-Up Right), and the Lodbrok PIPE Investment under a Global Knowledge Max Redemptions scenario. Refer to the section “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information” for more information.
The following table sets forth Non-GAAP Financial Measures for the year ended December 31, 2020, on a pro forma combined basis, and after giving effect to the Skillsoft Reorganization, the Merger, the Global Knowledge Merger and the related transactions.
 
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(amounts in thousands)
For the year ended
December 31, 2020*
Total pro forma combined revenue(1)
$ 532,137
Reversal of pro forma adjustments:
Skillsoft fresh-start reporting
32,502
Global Knowledge purchase accounting
6,932
Elimination of inter-company revenues
697
Plus impact of Skillsoft reorganization, primarily related to deferred revenue
91,686
Combined Adjusted revenue(3)
$ 663,954
Skillsoft Adjusted Revenue(2)
$ 474,305
Global Knowledge historical revenue
189,649
Combined Adjusted revenue(3)
$ 663,954
Total pro forma combined net income(4)
$ 2,520,072
Reversal of pro forma adjustments
(103,635)
Adjustments based on historical financial statements:(5)
(2,406,974)
Pro forma combined EBITDA(6)
$ 9,463
Reversal of Churchill purchase accounting, as reflected in pro forma
18,673
Reversal of Skillsoft fresh-start reporting, as reflected in pro forma
25,972
Reversal of Skillsoft purchase accounting, as reflected in pro forma
12,600
Reversal of Global Knowledge purchase accounting, as reflected in pro forma
14,388
Plus other adjustments(7)
81,469
Combined Adjusted EBITDA(8)
$ 162,565
*
Amounts for the year ended December 31, 2020 combine the historical (1) audited financial statements of Churchill as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020; (2) historical audited consolidated financial statements of Successor Skillsoft as of January 31, 2021 and for the period from August 28, 2020 to January 31, 2021, the historical audited consolidated financial statements of Predecessor Skillsoft for the period from February 1, 2020 to August 27, 2020; (3) unaudited statement of operations of Global Knowledge for the twelve months ended January 1, 2021, which were derived from the audited statement of operations for the year ended October 2, 2020 less the unaudited statement of operations for the three months ended December 27, 2019, plus the unaudited statement of operations for the three months ended January 1, 2021.
(1)
Pro forma Combined EBITDA reflects both historical revenue of Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge, and related pro forma adjustments as referred to within the section “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.
(2)
Skillsoft Adjusted Revenue reflects GAAP revenue excluding (i) impact of fresh-start reporting and purchase accounting and (ii) one-time impact of the deconsolidation of Canada.
(3)
Combined Adjusted Revenue includes the historical revenue of Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge, and excludes the impact of pro forma adjustments as referred to within the section “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.
(4)
Pro forma combined net income includes the historical results of Churchill, Skillsoft, and Global Knowledge, and related pro forma adjustments as referred to within the section “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.
(5)
The adjustment for the year end December 31, 2020 is primarily related to Skillsoft reorganization gain, offset by Skillsoft goodwill impairment. Refer to pages 152 and 201 for additional detail for Skillsoft and Global Knowledge, respectively.
 
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(6)
Pro forma combined EBITDA includes the historical results of Churchill, Skillsoft, and Global Knowledge, and related pro forma adjustments as referred to within the section “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.” EBITDA represents net income plus or minus net interest, plus provision for income taxes, depreciation, amortization, and impact of the re-organization gain as a result of fresh-start reporting as they relate to Skillsoft’s historical financial statements.
(7)
Refer to pages 150 and 201 for a description of non-GAAP adjustments.
(8)
Combined Adjusted EBITDA includes the historical results of Churchill, Skillsoft and Global Knowledge, and excludes the impact of pro forma adjustments as referred to within the section “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.” Savings expected from cost and operating synergies are not reflected in the Combined Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA plus primarily non-cash items and non-recurring items that we consider useful to exclude in assessing our operating performance (e.g., stock-based compensation expense, restructuring charges, retention costs, recapitalization and transaction-related costs, net foreign currency impact and other net gains and losses, certain impacts of fresh-start and purchase accounting, and one-time impact of the deconsolidation of Canada).
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the period presented:
Successor
Predecessor
Predecessor
Predecessor
(In thousands)
Aug 28,
2020
through
Jan 31,
2021
Feb 1,
2020
through
Aug 27,
2020
Year
Ended
January 31,
2020
Year
Ended
January 31,
2019
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
$ 8,180 $ 3,917 $ (37,413) $ 10,059
Net cash used in investing activities
(4,452) (6,924) (17,400) (22,552)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(32,463) 73,657 57,801 27,633
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents
863 (2,139) 348 (535)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
$ (27,872) $ 68,511 $ 3,336 $ 14,605
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Cash flows from operating activities for the Predecessor period were heavily impacted by our prior capital structure, where decreasing revenues and increasing interest costs resulted in negative cash flow trends for the periods presented. In the Successor period, positive cash flows from operations reflected our new capital structure and reduced interest costs, resulting in positive cash flow from operations.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Cash flows from investing activities consist predominantly of purchases of computer hardware and other property, as well as capitalized software development costs.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Cash flows from financing activities consist of borrowings and repayments under our Predecessor and Successor debt facilities and our accounts receivable facility.
Contractual and Commercial Obligations
The scheduled maturities of our debt and future minimum rental commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements as of January 31, 2021 were as set forth in the table below.
 
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Payments due by Fiscal Year
(In thousands)
Total
2022
2022 – 2024
2024 – 2026
Thereafter
First Out Term Loan
$ 110,000 $ 1,100 $ 4,400 $ 104,500 $
Second Out Term Loan
410,000 4,100 16,400 389,500
Operating leases
22,993 5,203 7,584 3,946 6,260
Finance lease
1,112 1,112
$ 544,105 $ 11,515 $ 28,384 $ 497,946 $ 6,260
From time to time, we are a party to or may be threatened with litigation in the ordinary course of our business. We regularly analyze current information, including, as applicable, our defense and insurance coverage and, as necessary, provide accruals for probable and estimable liabilities for the eventual disposition of these matters. We are presently not a party to any material legal proceedings.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements and the related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We regularly reevaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to the following: fresh-start accounting, revenue recognition, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets; income tax assets and liabilities; and restructuring charges and accruals. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and various other factors we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the amounts of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations.
We believe the following critical accounting policies most significantly affect the portrayal of our financial condition and involve our most difficult and subjective estimates and judgments.
Fresh-Start Accounting
In connection with our emergence from the chapter 11 proceedings and in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 852, Reorganizations (“ASC 852”), we qualified for and adopted fresh-start accounting as of August 28, 2020 as (i) the holders of existing voting shares of Pointwell Limited (the “Predecessor”) received less than 50% of the voting shares of Software Luxembourg Holding S.A. (the “Successor”) and (ii) the reorganization value of our assets immediately prior to confirmation of the Plan of Reorganization was less than the post-petition liabilities and allowed claims.
In accordance with ASC 852, with the application of fresh-start accounting, we allocated our reorganization value to our individual assets based on our estimated fair values in conformity with ASC 805, Business Combinations. The reorganization value represents the fair value of the Successor’s assets before considering liabilities. The excess reorganization value over the fair value of identified tangible and intangible assets is reported as goodwill.
For information regarding fresh-start accounting, refer to Note 3, Fresh-Start Accounting to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Reorganization Value
As set forth in the Plan of Reorganization and the Disclosure Statement, the enterprise value of the Successor was estimated to be between $1.050 billion and $1.250 billion. Based on the estimates and assumptions discussed below, we estimated the enterprise value to be $1.150 billion, which was the mid-point of the range of enterprise values as of the effective date of our emergence from Chapter 11 on August 27, 2020.
 
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Management and its valuation advisors estimated the enterprise value of the Successor, which was approved by the Bankruptcy Court. The selected publicly traded companies analysis approach, the DCF analysis approach and the selected transactions analysis approach were all utilized in estimating enterprise value. The use of each approach provides corroboration for the other approaches.
To estimate enterprise value utilizing the selected publicly traded companies analysis method, valuation multiples derived from the operating data of publicly-traded benchmark companies to the same operating data of the Company were applied. The selected publicly traded companies analysis identified a group of comparable companies giving consideration to lines of business and markets served, size and geography. The valuation multiples were derived based on historical and projected financial measures of revenue and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization and applied to projected operating data of the Company.
To estimate enterprise value utilizing the discounted cash flow method, an estimate of future cash flows for the period 2021 to 2023 with a terminal value was determined and discounted to present value. The expected cash flows for the period 2021 to 2023 with a terminal value were based upon certain financial projections and assumptions provided to the Bankruptcy Court. The expected cash flows for the period 2021 to 2023 were derived from earnings forecasts and assumptions regarding growth and margin projections, as applicable. A terminal value was included, calculated using the terminal multiple method, which estimates a range of values at which the Successor will be valued at the end of the Projection Period based on applying a terminal multiple to final year Adjusted EBITDA, which is defined as consolidated operating income adjusted to exclude non-cash compensation expenses included within corporate expenses, as well as Depreciation and amortization, Impairment charges and Other operating income (expense), net.
To estimate enterprise value utilizing the selected transactions analysis, valuation multiples were derived from an analysis of consideration paid and net debt assumed from publicly disclosed merger or acquisition transactions, and such multiples were applied to the cash flows of the Successor. The selected transactions analysis identified companies and assets involved in publicly disclosed merger and acquisition transactions for which the targets had operating and financial characteristics comparable in certain respects to the Successor.
For information regarding the Reorganization, refer to Note 3 and 4 of our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Revenue Recognition
On February 1, 2019, we adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), using the modified retrospective method. We applied ASC 606 to contracts that were not completed on February 1, 2019. Results for reporting periods beginning after February 1, 2019 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under ASC 605. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus for discussion related to the impact of adoption.
Revenue Recognition — After the Adoption of ASC 606 on February 1, 2019
Under the guidance of ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In order to achieve this core principle, we applied the following five steps:

Identify the contract(s) with the customer.

Identify the performance obligations in the contract.

Determine the transaction price.

Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.

Recognize revenue as the entity satisfies the performance obligation.
We enter into contracts with customers that provide cloud-based learning solutions and talent management solutions for customers worldwide. These solutions are typically sold on a subscription basis
 
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for a fixed term. We account for a contract when (i) it has approval and commitment from both parties, (ii) the rights of the parties have been identified, (iii) payment terms have been identified, (iv) the contract has commercial substance and (v) collectability of substantially all of the consideration to which we will be entitled in exchange for the transfer of goods or services is probable.
Our Software as a Service (“SaaS”) subscription arrangements for learning and talent management solutions generally do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software supporting the platform or, in the case of learning solutions, to download course content without continuing to incur fees for hosting services and, as a result, are accounted for as service arrangements. Access to the platform and course content represents a series of distinct services as we continually provide access to, and fulfill our obligation to, the end customer over the subscription term. The series of distinct services represents a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time. Accordingly, the fixed consideration related to subscription revenue is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term, beginning on the date that the service is made available to the customer. Our subscription contracts typically vary from one year to three years. Our arrangements are generally non-cancellable and non-refundable.
We also provide professional services related to our talent management solutions which are typically considered distinct performance obligations and are recognized over time as services are performed. We also occasionally sell talent management solutions by providing perpetual and term-based licenses for on-premise versions of the software. Such arrangements are treated as transfers of intellectual property and the amount of consideration attributable to the delivered licenses are recognized at the point of delivery and the remaining amounts allocated for post contract support are recognized over time.
While the vast majority of our revenue relates to SaaS subscription services where the entire arrangement fee is recognized on a ratable basis over the contractual term, we sometimes enter into contractual arrangements that have multiple distinct performance obligations, one or more of which have different periods over which the services or products are delivered. These arrangements may include a combination of subscriptions, products, support and professional services. We allocate the transaction price of the arrangement based on the relative estimated standalone selling price (“SSP”) of each distinct performance obligation.
Our process for determining SSP for each performance obligation, where necessary, involves significant management judgment. In determining SSP, we maximize observable inputs and consider a number of data points, including:

the pricing of standalone sales;

the pricing established by management when setting prices for deliverables that are intended to be sold on a standalone basis;

contractually stated prices for deliverables that are intended to be sold on a standalone basis; and

other pricing factors, such as the geographical region in which the products are sold and expected discounts based on the customer size and type.
Determining SSP for performance obligations which we rarely or never sell separately also requires significant judgment. In estimating the SSP, we consider the likely price that would have resulted from established pricing practices had the deliverable been offered separately and the prices a customer would likely be willing to pay.
We also sell cloud-based learning solutions through resellers, where payments are typically based on the solutions sold through to end users. Reseller arrangements of this nature sometimes require us to estimate end user activity for a brief period of the contract term, however, amounts estimated and actual amounts subsequently billed have not been material to date.
We only include estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. We reduce transaction prices for estimated returns and other allowances that represent variable consideration under ASC 606, which we estimate based on historical return experience and other relevant factors and record a corresponding refund liability as a component of accrued expenses
 
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and other current liabilities. Based on the nature of our business and product offerings, contingent revenue and other variable consideration are infrequent.
While not a common practice for us, in the event we grant the customer the option to acquire additional products or services in an arrangement, we consider if the option provides a material right to the customer that it would not receive without entering into the contract (e.g., an incremental discount compared to the range of discounts typically given for similar products or services). If a material right is deemed to exist, we account for the option as a distinct performance obligation and recognize revenue when those future products or services are transferred or when the option expires.
Reimbursements received from customers for out-of-pocket expenses are recorded as revenues, with related costs recorded as cost of revenues. We present revenues net of any taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities.
We apply the practical expedient for contracts with significant financing components that are under one year, whereby we do not evaluate contracts under one year to determine if they have a significant financing component.
We apply the practical expedient for the deferral of sales commissions and other contract acquisition costs, which are expensed as incurred, because the amortization period would be one year or less. For deferred contract costs with an expected amortization period of over one year, we recognize such payments over (i) the expected customer relationship period in the case of new customers, which is typically 3 to 5 years for initial commissions, and (ii) the contractual term for existing customers for commissions paid on renewals.
As our contractual agreements predominately call for advanced billing, contract assets are rarely generated.
For transaction prices allocated to remaining performance obligations, we apply practical expedients and do not disclose quantitative or qualitative information for remaining performance obligations (i) that have original expected durations of one year or less and (ii) where we recognize revenue equal to what we have the right to invoice and that amount corresponds directly with the value to the customer of its performance to date. All remaining performance obligations as of January 31, 2021 and January 31, 2020 qualified for the practical expedient.
Revenue Recognition — Prior to the Adoption of ASC 606 on February 1, 2019
We commence revenue recognition when all of the following conditions are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (ii) services are provided to the customer; (iii) the amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable; and (iv) collection is reasonably assured.
The majority of SaaS subscription arrangements are accounted for as service arrangements as they do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software supporting the platform or the right to use downloaded courseware without continuing to pay the full subscription fee which includes fees for hosting services. Revenue for subscription fees is recognized ratably over the subscription term, which typically varies from one to three years. Our on-premise perpetual and term-based licenses are accounted for as software arrangements as the customer takes possession of the software. Revenue for these license fees are recognized ratably over the associated maintenance term. Our arrangements are generally non-cancellable and nonrefundable. Taxes collected from customers are excluded from revenue.
For arrangements with multiple deliverables, we evaluate whether the individual deliverables qualify as separate units of accounting. In order to treat deliverables in a multiple-element arrangement as separate units of accounting, the deliverables must have stand-alone value upon delivery and, in situations in which a general right of return exists for the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered item is considered probable and substantially within our control.
Our SaaS subscription services have stand-alone value as we routinely sell subscriptions separately. Professional services included in SaaS service arrangements have stand-alone value as they are routinely sold separately. For such deliverables that have stand-alone value upon delivery, we account for the deliverables using the relative selling price allocation method. The relative selling price method allocates any discount
 
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in the arrangement proportionately to each deliverable on the basis of the deliverable’s estimated selling price. The selling price for each deliverable is based on vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) if available, third-party evidence (“TPE”) if VSOE is not available, or our best estimated selling price (“BESP”) if neither VSOE nor TPE are available.
For software arrangements, we evaluate whether undelivered elements qualify as separate units of accounting. In order to treat the undelivered elements as separate units of accounting, the undelivered elements must have VSOE. Our software arrangements are generally recognized ratably over the maintenance term as we do not have VSOE of the fair value of the undelivered maintenance elements.
Deferred Revenue
We record as deferred revenue amounts that have been billed in advance for products or services to be provided. Deferred revenue includes the unrecognized portion of revenue associated with license fees for which we have received payment or for which amounts have been billed and are due for payment. Under ASC 605, deferred revenue was not recognized on the balance sheet for outstanding receivables where collection was not probable, fees were not fixed or determinable, or when the customer had termination for convenience rights.
Contract Acquisition Costs — After the adoption of ASC 606 on February 1, 2019
We capitalize sales commissions, and associated fringe costs, such as payroll taxes, paid to direct sales personnel and other incremental costs of obtaining contracts with customers, provided we expect to recover those costs. We determine whether costs should be deferred based on sales compensation plans, if the commissions are in fact incremental and would not have occurred absent the customer contract. The Company applies the practical expedient for the deferral of sales commissions and other contract acquisition costs, which are expensed as incurred, because the amortization period would be one year or less.
Sales commissions for renewal of a subscription contract are not considered commensurate with the commissions paid for the acquisition of the initial subscription contract given the substantive difference in commission rates between new and renewal contracts. Commissions paid upon the initial acquisition of a contract are amortized over an estimated period of benefit of 3 to 5 years while commissions paid related to renewal contracts are amortized over an estimated average contract term of approximately 12 months. Amortization is recognized on a straight-line basis upon commencement of the transfer of control of the services, commensurate with the pattern of revenue recognition.
The period of benefit for commissions paid for the acquisition of initial subscription contracts is determined by taking into consideration the initial estimated customer life and the technological life of our platform and related significant features. We determine the period of benefit for renewal subscription contracts by considering the average contractual term for renewal contracts. Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs is included within sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations.
Contract Acquisition Costs — Prior to the adoption of ASC 606 on February 1, 2019
For the year ended January 31, 2019, we deferred the recognition of commission expense until such time as the revenue related to the arrangement for which the commission was payable is recognized. Deferred commissions for each contract were amortized in a manner consistent with how revenue is recognized for such contract, often resulting in ratable recognition of expense over the contractual term.
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Off-Balance-Sheet Risk
For the period from August 28, 2020 through January 31, 2021 (Successor), the period from February 1,2020 through August 27, 2020 (Predecessor) and for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020 and 2019, no customer individually comprised greater than 10% of revenue or accounts receivable.
We perform continuing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral. We maintain a reserve for doubtful accounts and sales credits that is our best estimate of potentially uncollectible trade receivables. Provisions are made based upon a specific review of all significant outstanding invoices that are considered potentially uncollectible in whole or in part. For those invoices
 
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not specifically reviewed or considered uncollectible, provisions are provided at different rates, based upon the age of the receivable, historical experience, and other currently available evidence. The reserve estimates are adjusted as additional information becomes known or payments are made.
We have no significant off-balance-sheet arrangements nor concentration of credit risks such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts or other foreign hedging arrangements.
Capitalized Software Development Costs
We capitalize certain internal-use software development costs related to our SaaS platform incurred during the application development stage. Costs related to preliminary project activities and to post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. We also capitalize costs related to specific upgrades and enhancements when it is probable that the expenditures will result in additional functionality. Internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally five years. Management evaluates the useful lives of these assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of the assets. Capitalized costs are recorded as intangible assets in the accompanying balance sheets.
Income Taxes
We provide for deferred income taxes resulting from temporary differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes as compared to tax purposes, using rates expected to be in effect when such differences reverse. We record valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.
We follow the authoritative guidance on accounting for and disclosure of uncertainty in tax positions which requires us to determine whether a tax position of the Company is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals of litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the tax amount recognized in the financial statements is reduced to the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon the ultimate settlement with the relevant taxing authority.
Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions is included in the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations.
Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Intangible assets arising from fresh-start accounting and business combinations are generally recorded based upon estimates of the future performance and cash flows from the acquired business. We use an income approach to determine the estimated fair value of certain identifiable intangible assets including customer relationships and trade names and use a cost approach for other identifiable intangible assets, including developed software/courseware. The income approach determines fair value by estimating the after-tax cash flows attributable to an identified asset over its useful life (Level 3 inputs) and then discounting these after-tax cash flows back to a present value. The cost approach determines fair value by estimating the cost to replace or reproduce an asset at current prices and is reduced for functional and economic obsolescence.
Developed technology represents patented and unpatented technology and know-how. Customer contracts and relationships represents established relationships with customers, which provide a ready channel for the sale of additional content and services. Trademarks and tradenames represent acquired product names and marks that we intend to continue to utilize.
We review intangible assets subject to amortization at least annually to determine if any adverse conditions exist or a change in circumstances has occurred that would indicate impairment or a change in remaining useful life. Conditions that would indicate impairment and trigger a more frequent impairment assessment include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in legal factors or business climate that could affect the value of an asset, or an adverse action or assessment by a regulator.
We review indefinite-lived intangible assets, including goodwill and certain trademarks, during the fourth quarter of each year for impairment, or more frequently if certain indicators are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist and reassesses their classification as indefinite-lived assets.
 
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Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill in fresh-start accounting results when the reorganization value of the emerging entity exceeds what can be attributed to specific tangible or identified intangible assets. We test goodwill for impairment during the fourth quarter every year in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles — Goodwill (“ASC 350”). In connection with the impairment evaluation, the Company may first consider qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances indicates that it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than 50%) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Performing a quantitative goodwill impairment test is not necessary if an entity determines based on this assessment that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the Company fails or elects to bypass the qualitative assessment, the goodwill impairment test must be performed. This test requires a comparison of the carrying value of the reporting unit to its estimated fair value. If the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, an impairment loss equal to the difference is recorded, not to exceed the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. In determining reporting units, the Company first identifies its operating segments, and then assesses whether any components of these segments constitute a business for which discrete financial information is available and where segment management regularly reviews the operating results of that component.
Goodwill Impairment for the year ended January 31, 2020
During the year ended January 31, 2020, we faced significant market competition. In addition, while we continued to make significant investments in contemporary products such as Percipio, attrition rates on legacy products like Skillport remained high. On top of market and competitive dynamics, our over leveraged capital structure also created additional headwinds. With significant debt maturities in 2021 and 2022, and related downgrades from rating agencies, concerns over the capital structure began to hurt our business, as new and existing customers displayed apprehension about the ultimate resolution of our capital structure and its impact on operations, causing delays and sometimes losses in business. The capital structure and heavy debt service also constrained investments in areas such as marketing, where spending was considerably lower than our competitors, resulting in additional pressure on retaining and attracting customers. The combination of these factors, which were particularly evident in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020 due to normal seasonality and closer proximity to the debt maturities described above, resulted in lower bookings, revenue, profitability and free cash flow generation during year ended January 31, 2020. The lower customer base at the end of fiscal year 2020, combined with larger expenditures that will be necessary in marketing activities going forward, resulted in lower expected future cash flows and growth rates going forward.
In accordance with ASC 350, we performed an impairment test in the year ended January 31, 2020 that compared the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to their respective carrying values. We considered the results of both a DCF analysis and an EBITDA multiple approach, similar to prior periods. We also considered observable debt trading prices for the debt jointly borrowed by our parent entity and our subsidiary, Skillsoft Corporation, after adjusting for a control premium. The results of the impairment tests performed indicated that the carrying value of the Skillsoft and SumTotal reporting units exceeded their estimated fair values determined by the Company. Based on the results of our impairment testing, the Company recorded $440.6 million of goodwill impairment charges in the year ended January 31, 2020, including $321.3 million for the Skillsoft reporting unit and $119.3 million for the SumTotal reporting unit.
The determination of fair value that is used as a basis for calculating the amount of goodwill impairment of each reporting unit is a significant estimate. A 10% change in our estimate of fair value of reporting units, which could occur due to different judgments around (i) estimates of future cash flows, (ii) discount rates, (iii) estimated control premiums, (iv) use of different EBITDA multiples, (v) the weighting of valuation approaches or (vi) other assumptions, or a combination of these judgments, would result in an increase or decrease in our goodwill impairment by approximately $150 million.
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Asset Impairment for the Predecessor Period ended August 27, 2020
During the Predecessor period ending August 27, 2020, the emergence of COVID-19 as a global pandemic had an adverse impact on our business. While the online learnings tools we offer have many advantages over traditional in person learning in the current environment, some of our customers in heavily
 
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impacted industries have sought to temporarily reduce spending, resulting in reductions in contract sizes and in some cases cancellations when such contracts have come up for renewal. In addition, identifying and pursing opportunities for new customers became much more challenging in this environment. As a result of the expected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, management decreased its estimates of future cash flows. In addition to the uncertainty introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic, our over leveraged capital structure continued to create headwinds. In April 2020, we received temporary forbearance from our lenders due to a default on amounts owed under the Senior Credit Facility as a long-term consensual solution was being negotiated with lenders. The uncertainty around our capital structure and future ownership continued to hurt our business, as new and existing customers displayed apprehension about the ultimate resolution of our capital structure and its impact on operations, causing delays and sometimes losses in business. The uncertainty surrounding our capital structure combined with the potential impact that the COVID-19 pandemic would have on our company and the global economy, resulted in a significant decline in the fair value of our reporting units during the predecessor period ended August 27, 2020.
As part of our evaluation of impairment indicators based on the circumstances described above as of April 30, 2020, we determined our SumTotal long-lived asset group failed the undiscounted cash flow recoverability test. Accordingly, we estimated the fair value of our individual long-lived assets to determine if any impairment charges were present. Our estimation of the fair value of definite lived intangible assets included the use of discounted cash flow analyses which reflected estimates of future revenue, customer attrition rates, royalty rates, cash flows, and discount rates. Based on these analyses, we concluded the fair values of certain SumTotal intangible assets where lower their current carrying values and, accordingly, impairment charges of $62.3 million were recognized for the Predecessor period from February 1, 2020 to August 27, 2020.
In light of the circumstances above, we also concluded that a triggering event had occurred with respect to the Company’s indefinite-lived Skillsoft trade name as of April 30, 2020. Accordingly, we estimated the fair value of the Skillsoft trade name using a DCF analysis which reflected estimates of future revenue, royalty rates, cash flows, and discount rates. Based on this analysis, we concluded the carrying value of the Skillsoft trade name exceeded its fair value, resulting in an impairment charge of $107.9 million for the Predecessor period from February 1, 2020 to August 27, 2020.
In accordance with ASC 350, we determined triggering events had occurred and performed a goodwill impairment test as of April 30, 2020 that compared the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to their respective carrying values. We considered the results of a DCF analysis which were materially consistent with an EBITDA multiple approach. The results of the impairment tests performed indicated that the carrying values of the Skillsoft and SumTotal reporting units exceeded their estimated fair values determined by the Company. Based on the results of the goodwill impairment testing procedures, the Company recorded a $107.9 million goodwill impairment for the Skillsoft reporting unit and a $70.0 million goodwill impairment for the SumTotal reporting unit.
In total, as described in detail above, we recorded $332.4 million of impairment charges for the Predecessor period from February 1, 2020 to August 27, 2020, consisting of (i) $62.3 million of impairments of SumTotal definite-lived intangible assets, (ii) an $92.2 million impairment of the Skillsoft trade name, (iii) a $107.9 million goodwill impairment for the Skillsoft reporting unit and (iv) a $70.0 million goodwill impairment for the SumTotal reporting unit.
The determination of fair value that is used as a basis for calculating the amount of impairment of each reporting unit is a significant estimate. A 10% change in our estimate of fair value of reporting units, which could occur due to different judgments around (i) estimates of future cash flows, (ii) discount rates, (iii) estimated control premiums, (iv) use of different EBITDA multiples (v) the weighting of valuation approaches or (vi) other assumptions, or a combination of these judgments, would result in an increase or decrease in our goodwill impairment by approximately $115 million. Because goodwill impairment is measured after reducing the carrying value of reporting units for impairment of definite-lived and indefinite-lived assets, any increase or decrease in the estimate of fair value used to calculated impairments of definite-lived and indefinite-lived assets would result in an offsetting adjustment to the goodwill impairment by a similar amount.
 
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Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Asset Impairment for the Successor Period ended January 31, 2021
For our annual impairment assessments of indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill conducted as of December 31, 2020, management considered qualitative factors to determine if it was more likely than not that impairments were present. In performing this qualitative assessment, management noted (i) the recent date of the fresh-start reporting valuation, (ii) the higher valuation suggested by the pending acquisition by Churchill, (iii) in the case of goodwill, a decrease in the carrying value of both reporting units since the original measurement date and (iv) the absence of any other factors that would indicate any declines in fair value. Based on these qualitative factors, management concluded it is not more likely than not that (i) the Skillsoft tradename intangible asset is impaired or (ii) the fair value of the company’s two reporting units are less than their carrying amounts.
Leases
We have leases for facilities and certain equipment in North America, Europe and Asia. On February 1, 2020, we adopted ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”) using the modified retrospective transition approach, as provided by ASU No. 2018-11, Leases — Targeted Improvements (“ASU 2018-11”). We elected the package of practical expedients, which among other things, allowed us to not reassess whether expired or existing contracts are or contain leases and to carry forward the historical lease classification for those leases that commenced prior to the date of adoption. For all lease arrangements, the Company accounts for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.
Results for reporting periods beginning after February 1, 2020 are presented under ASC 842, while prior periods have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under previous GAAP. The primary impact of ASC 842 is that substantially all of our leases are recognized on the balance sheet, by recording right-of-use assets and short-term and long-term lease liabilities. The new standard does not have a material impact on our consolidated statement of operations and cash flows, and the effects of applying ASC 842 as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of February 1, 2020 was immaterial. Our operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. As our operating leases generally do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the available information at each commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. An increase or decrease in the assumed incremental borrowing rate of 2% would decrease/increase the lease liability recorded by approximately $1.1 million, with an offsetting adjustment to the right of use asset recognized. See Note 13 of our financial statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus for further discussion on our leases.
Royalty Expenses
Royalty expenses related to the licensing of third-party content are recorded as a component of cost of revenues since Skillsoft is deemed the principal in the transaction in accordance with ASC 606-10-55-36 through 55-40.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Our recently adopted and to be adopted accounting pronouncements are set forth in Note 2 of Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
 
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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT OF SKILLSOFT
The following table and accompanying footnotes set forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of Skillsoft Class A Shares and Skillsoft Class B Shares, as of            , 2021, for (1) each person known by Skillsoft to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of Skillsoft Shares outstanding, (2) each member of Skillsoft’s board of directors that beneficially owns Skillsoft Shares, (3) each of Skillsoft’s named executive officers that beneficially owns Skillsoft Shares and (4) all of the members of Skillsoft’s board of directors and Skillsoft’s executive officers as a group. As of            , 2021, Skillsoft had 3,840,000 Skillsoft Class A Shares outstanding, owned by [234] holders of record, and 160,000 Skillsoft Class B Shares, owned by [62] holders of record.
Beneficial ownership for the purposes of the following table is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. A person is a “beneficial owner” of a security if that person has or shares “voting power,” which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting of the security, or “investment power,” which includes the power to dispose of or to direct the disposition of the security or has the right to acquire such powers within 60 days.
Unless otherwise noted in the footnotes to the following table, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons and entities named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to their beneficially owned shares. Skillsoft Class A Shares carry the same voting rights as Skillsoft Class B Shares, and each Skillsoft Class A Share and Skillsoft Class B Share entitles the holder thereof to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote at the Skillsoft Extraordinary General Meeting.
Class A
Class B
Name of Beneficial Owner(1)
Number of
Shares
Beneficially
Owned
Percentage of
Class
Number of
Shares
Beneficially
Owned
Percentage of
Class
Principal Shareholders:
Eaton Vance Management(2)
482,103 12.6%
EQT Fund Management s.à r.l. / EQT Services (UK) Limited(3)
503,860 13.1% 34,167 21.4%
DDJ Capital Management LLC(4)
288,824 7.5%
Lodbrok Capital LLP(5)
764,432 20.0% 62,673 39.2%
Nuveen Asset Management, LLC(6)
215,493 5.6% 6,270 3.9%
Directors and Named Executive Officers:
David Aloise
Alan J. Carr
Eugene Davis
Sherman Edmiston III
John Frederick
Ronald W. Hovsepian
Apratim Purakayastha
Peter Schmitt
Directors and executive officers as a group (8 individuals)
(1)
This table is based on 4,000,000 Skillsoft Shares outstanding as of            , 2021, of which 3,840,000 were Skillsoft Class A Shares and 160,000 were Skillsoft Class B Shares. Except as described in the footnotes below and subject to applicable community property laws and similar laws, Skillsoft believes that each person and entity listed above has sole voting and investment power with respect to such shares.
 
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(2)
Such shares are held by certain funds and managed accounts which are advised or sub-advised by Eaton Vance Management and its affiliates, Boston Management and Research and Calvert Management and Research. Craig P. Russ and Andrew N. Sveen, each of whom is a Vice President of Eaton Vance Management and Co-Director of Bank Loans, have investment or dispositive power over the shares, and each disclaims any beneficial interest in such shares.
(3)
Such shares are held by certain funds and managed accounts to which EQT Fund Management s.à r.l. / EQT Services (UK) Limited served as investment manager. The business address of such holders is 26A Boulevard Royal, L-2449 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. As board members of such holders, Besar Muhameti, Quentin Leveque and Jane Wilkinson have investment or dispositive power over the shares.
(4)
Such shares are held by certain funds and managed accounts to which DDJ Capital Management LLC (which we refer to as “DDJ”) serves as investment manager. Accordingly, DDJ exercises investment power over the shares held in its managed funds/accounts. The business address of such holders is c/o 130 Turner Street, Building 3, Suite 600, Waltham, MA 02454. David J. Breazzano controls 100% of the voting units of DDJ and accordingly may be deemed to control DDJ.
(5)
Such shares are held by certain funds and managed accounts to which Lodbrok Capital LLP served as investment manager. The business address of such holders is 55 St. James Street, 2nd Floor, London, SW1A 1LA, United Kingdom. Voting and disposition decisions at Lodbrok Capital LLP are considered by an investment committee comprising Mikael Brantberg (as the CIO), Analysts and a Trader, with the power to vote or dispose of any shares resting with Mr. Brantberg. Mr. Brantberg disclaims beneficial ownership of all such shares, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest.
(6)
Such shares are held by certain funds and managed accounts as to which Nuveen Asset Management, LLC (“Nuveen”), as successor-in-interest to Symphony Asset Management LLC, serves as investment manager. The business address of such holders is c/o Nuveen Asset Management, LLC, 555 California Street, Suite 3100, San Francisco, CA 94104. Scott Caraher, Jean Lin, Kevin Lorenz and Himani Trivedi are each officers and portfolio managers of Nuveen, and solely in such capacity have investment or dispositive power over the shares on behalf of Nuveen (in its capacity as investment manager), and each disclaims any beneficial interest in such shares.
 
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MANAGEMENT OF THE POST-COMBINATION COMPANY AFTER THE MERGER
References in this section to “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” generally refer to Skillsoft and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Merger and to the Post-Combination Company and its consolidated subsidiaries after giving effect to the Merger.
Management and Board of Directors
The following table sets forth the persons Churchill and Skillsoft anticipate will become the executive officers and directors of the Post-Combination Company. Pursuant to the Skillsoft Merger Agreement, at the closing of the Merger, our board of directors will consist of seven members, six of whom will be nominated by Churchill and one of whom will be nominated by the Skillsoft shareholders. Churchill has nominated Jeffrey R. Tarr, Helena B. Foulkes, Ronald W. Hovsepian, Michael Klein, Karen G. Mills and Lawrence H. Summers to serve on the board of directors. The Skillsoft shareholders have nominated Peter Schmitt to serve on the board of directors.
Churchill, together with Skillsoft, has been identifying executive officer candidates for the Post-Combination Company and its subsidiaries and expects to make offers of employment to certain individuals, subject to the closing of the Merger and the approval of Skillsoft pursuant to the Skillsoft Merger Agreement. Such offers of employment may include grants of equity under the Incentive Plan and other compensation elements, including cash compensation commensurate with the candidate’s experience and skill level based on peer group and market practice. In the event the closing of the Merger does not occur, such offers of employment will terminate automatically.
Name
Age
Title
Jeffrey R. Tarr
58
Chief Executive Officer and Director Nominee
Helena B. Foulkes
56
Director Nominee
Ronald W. Hovsepian
60
Director Nominee
Michael Klein
57
Director Nominee
Karen G. Mills
67
Director Nominee
Peter Schmitt
53
Director Nominee
Lawrence H. Summers
66
Director Nominee
For biographical information concerning Mr. Hovsepian and Mr. Schmitt, see “Management of Skillsoft — Directors and Executive Officers”. For biographical information concerning Mr. Klein and Ms. Mills, see “Management of Churchill — Directors and Executive Officers.” For biographical information concerning Mr. Tarr, Ms. Foulkes and Mr. Summers, see below.
Jeffrey R. Tarr. Jeffrey R. Tarr is an experienced public company CEO and director. Over the last two decades, he has built three publicly traded, tech-enabled information companies into industry leaders. Mr. Tarr was CEO, president and a director of DigitalGlobe, the world leader in satellite imagery and geospatial intelligence, from 2011 until the sale of the company in 2017 to MDA (now Maxar Technologies). Subsequently, Mr. Tarr served as an advisor to TPG, other leading private equity firms and corporate clients, and from June through October 2019 served as CEO and a director of Solera Global Holdings Corp. Prior to DigitalGlobe, he was President & COO of IHS (now IHS Markit) and Chairman & CEO of the publicly-traded business information company, Hoover’s, Inc. (now a division of D&B). Mr. Tarr began his career with Bain & Company. He received his undergraduate degree from Princeton University’s School of Public and International Affairs and his MBA from the Stanford Graduate School of Business. Mr. Tarr currently serves on the board of EchoStar (NASDAQ: SATS) and is chairman emeritus of the Stanford Graduate School of Business Management Board. He also serves on the board of DSST Public Schools, one of the leading open enrollment school systems in the United States. Mr. Tarr previously served on the board of CEB (The Corporate Executive Board Company) until the sale of the company to Gartner in 2017. He also served as co-Chair of the World Economic Forum Council on the Future of Space Technologies and co-Chair of the Annual Meeting of New Champions in Dalian China. Mr. Tarr is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
 
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Helena B. Foulkes. Helena B. Foulkes is a seasoned retail executive who has most recently served as the Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of Hudson’s Bay Company (“HBC”), a multinational retailer, a position she held from February 2018 to March 2020, and as a member of the board of directors of Home Depot, Inc., a home improvement goods retailer, a position she has held since 2013. Prior to HBC, she served as Executive Vice President of CVS Health Corporation (“CVS”), an integrated pharmacy health care provider and retailer, and President of CVS Pharmacy, from 2014 to February 2018. At CVS, Ms. Foulkes also served as Executive Vice President and Chief Health Care Strategy and Marketing Officer from 2011 to 2013; Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer from 2009 to 2011; Senior Vice President of Health Services of CVS Pharmacy from 2007 to 2009; Senior Vice President, Marketing and Operations Services during a portion of 2007; and Senior Vice President, Advertising and Marketing from 2002 to 2007. Additionally, Ms. Foulkes held positions in Strategic Planning, Visual Merchandising, and Category Management during her 20-plus years with CVS. Ms. Foulkes was selected to serve on our board of directors due to her extensive business and marketing experience.
Lawrence H. Summers. Lawrence H. Summers has served as the Charles W. Eliot University Professor & President Emeritus of Harvard University since January 2011 and is the Weil Director of the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government at Harvard’s Kennedy School. From January 2009 to December 2010, Dr. Summers served as Director of the White House National Economic Council in the Obama Administration and served as President of Harvard University from 2001 to 2006. Dr. Summers has served in various other senior policy positions, including as Secretary of the Treasury in the Clinton Administration and Chief Economist of the World Bank. Currently, Dr. Summers serves on the board of directors of Square, Inc. (NYSE: SQ) and ONE and chairs the board of the Center for Global Development. He is an advisor to The Hamilton Project, The Hutchins Center on Fiscal & Monetary Policy and the Peterson Institute for International Economics. He is a distinguished senior fellow at the Center for American Progress and recently co-chaired the Commission on Inclusive Prosperity. He recently launched a Task Force on Fiscal Policy with Mayor Bloomberg and chaired the Commission on Global Health. Dr. Summers also served on the board of directors of LendingClub Corporation (NYSE: LC) from 2012 to 2018. Dr. Summers holds a B.S. in Economics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University. Dr. Summers was selected to serve on our board of directors because of his extensive economic, financial and business experience.
Corporate Governance
We will structure our corporate governance in a manner Churchill and Skillsoft believe will closely align our interests with those of our stockholders following the Merger. Notable features of this corporate governance include:

we will have independent director representation on our audit, compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees immediately at the time of the Merger, and our independent directors will meet regularly in executive sessions without the presence of our corporate officers or non-independent directors;

at least one of our directors will qualify as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the SEC; and

we will implement a range of other corporate governance best practices, including implementing a robust director education program.
Composition of the Post-Combination Company Board of Directors After the Merger
Our business and affairs are managed under the direction of our board of directors. Our board of directors will continue to be staggered in three classes, with three directors in Class I (expected to be Ronald W. Hovsepian, Peter Schmitt and Jeffrey R. Tarr), two directors in Class II (expected to be Michael Klein and Lawrence H. Summers) and two directors in Class III (expected to be Helena B. Foulkes and Karen G. Mills). See “Description of Capital Stock of Post-Combination Company — Anti-Takeover Provisions — Classified Board.”
 
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Board Committees
Our board of directors directs the management of our business and affairs, as provided by Delaware law, and conducts its business through meetings of the board of directors and standing committees. After the Merger, we will have a standing audit committee, nominating and corporate governance committee and compensation committee. In addition, from time to time, special committees may be established under the direction of the board of directors when necessary to address specific issues.
Audit Committee
Our audit committee will be responsible for, among other things:

appointing, compensating, retaining, evaluating, terminating and overseeing our independent registered public accounting firm;

discussing with our independent registered public accounting firm their independence from management;

reviewing, with our independent registered public accounting firm, the scope and results of their audit;

approving all audit and permissible non-audit services to be performed by our independent registered public accounting firm;

overseeing the financial reporting process and discussing with management and our independent registered public accounting firm the quarterly and annual financial statements that we file with the SEC;

overseeing our financial and accounting controls and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements;

reviewing our policies on risk assessment and risk management;

reviewing related person transactions; and

establishing procedures for the confidential anonymous submission of concerns regarding questionable accounting, internal controls or auditing matters.
Upon the completion of the Merger, our audit committee will be comprised of at least three directors, each of whom meets the definition of “independent director” for purposes of serving on the audit committee under Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act and the NYSE rules. Each member of our audit committee will also meet the financial literacy requirements of NYSE listing standards. Our board of directors will adopt a written charter for the audit committee, which will be available on our corporate website at www.investor.skillsoft.com upon the completion of the Merger. The information on any of our websites is deemed not to be incorporated in this joint proxy statement/prospectus or to be part of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Compensation Committee
Our compensation committee will be responsible for, among other things:

reviewing and approving the corporate goals and objectives, evaluating the performance of and reviewing and approving, (either alone or, if directed by the board of directors, in conjunction with a majority of the independent members of the board of directors) the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer;

overseeing an evaluation of the performance of and reviewing and setting or making recommendations to our board of directors regarding the compensation of our other executive officers;

reviewing and approving or making recommendations to our board of directors regarding our incentive compensation and equity-based plans, policies and programs;

reviewing and approving all employment agreement and severance arrangements for our executive officers;
 
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making recommendations to our board of directors regarding the compensation of our directors; and

retaining and overseeing any compensation consultants.
Upon the completion of the Merger, our compensation committee will be comprised of directors who meet the definition of “independent director” for purposes of serving on the compensation committee under the NYSE rules, including the heightened independence standards for members of a compensation committee, and are “non-employee directors” as defined in Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act. Our board of directors will adopt a written charter for the compensation committee, which will be available on our corporate website at www.investor.skillsoft.com upon the completion of the Merger. The information on any of our websites is deemed not to be incorporated in this joint proxy statement/prospectus or to be part of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Our nominating and corporate governance committee will be responsible for, among other things:

identifying individuals qualified to become members of our board of directors, consistent with criteria approved by our board of directors;

overseeing succession planning for our Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers;

periodically reviewing our board of directors’ leadership structure and recommending any proposed changes to our board of directors;

overseeing an annual evaluation of the effectiveness of our board of directors and its committees; and

developing and recommending to our board of directors a set of corporate governance guidelines.
Upon completion of the Merger, our nominating and corporate governance committee will be comprised of directors who meet the definition of “independent director” under the NYSE rules. Our board of directors will adopt a written charter for the nominating and corporate governance committee, which will be available on our corporate website at www.investor.skillsoft.com upon the completion of the Merger. The information on any of our websites is deemed not to be incorporated in this joint proxy statement/prospectus or to be part of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Risk Oversight
Our board of directors is responsible for overseeing our risk management process. Our board of directors focuses on our general risk management strategy, the most significant risks facing us, and oversees the implementation of risk mitigation strategies by management. Our audit committee is also responsible for discussing our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management. Our board of directors believes its administration of its risk oversight function has not negatively affected our board of directors’ leadership structure.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of our executive officers serves as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee (or other committee performing equivalent functions) of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board of directors or compensation committee.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
Prior to the completion of the Merger, we will adopt a written code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. A copy of the code will be posted on our corporate website at www.investor.skillsoft.com upon the completion of the Merger. In addition, we intend to post on our website all disclosures that are required by law or the NYSE listing standards concerning any amendments to, or waivers from, any provision of the code. The information
 
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on any of our websites is deemed not to be incorporated in this joint proxy statement/prospectus or to be part of this joint proxy statement/prospectus.
Compensation of Directors and Officers
Following the closing of the Merger, we expect the Post-Combination Company’s executive compensation program to be consistent with Skillsoft’s existing compensation policies and philosophies, which are designed to:

attract, retain and motivate senior management leaders who are capable of advancing our mission and strategy and ultimately, creating and maintaining our long-term equity value. Such leaders must engage in a collaborative approach and possess the ability to execute our business strategy in an industry characterized by competitiveness and growth;

reward senior management in a manner aligned with our financial performance; and

align senior management’s interests with our equity owners’ long-term interests through equity participation and ownership.
Following the closing of the Merger, we expect that decisions with respect to the compensation of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, will be made by the compensation committee of our board of directors.
 
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INFORMATION ABOUT GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE
In this section “its,” refers to Global Knowledge prior to the Global Knowledge Merger and to New Skillsoft following the Global Knowledge Merger. The Global Knowledge Merger is conditioned upon, among other things, the consummation of the Merger. The Merger is not conditioned upon the consummation of the Global Knowledge Merger.
Business
Global Knowledge is a global provider of training solutions covering information technology and business skills for corporations and their employees. Global Knowledge is headquartered in Cary, North Carolina with operations throughout the United States, Canada, Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Global Knowledge is committed to guiding its customers throughout their lifelong technology learning journey by offering relevant and up-to-date skills training through instructor-led (in-person “classroom” or online “virtual”) and self-paced (“on-demand”), vendor certified, and other proprietary offerings. Global Knowledge’s vendors include the world’s largest technology providers who partner with Global Knowledge to help develop the skills that drive consumption of their products in their customer accounts. In addition, certification authorities from around the globe trust Global Knowledge to equip organizations around the world with skills. In instances such as these, Global Knowledge’s partners’ growth and the adoption of their products are materially supported by having a skilled installed base of employees.
Global Knowledge offers a wide breadth of training topics and delivery modalities (classroom, virtual, on-demand) both on a subscription and transactional basis, driving customer retention and growth. Global Knowledge believes this wide breadth of training topics and delivery modalities is a key driver for existing customer retention and new business growth given customer demand for a fulsome multi-modality offering. In addition, Global Knowledge makes flexible instructional methods available through subscriptions or as individually configured training modalities.
Markets Served
Global Knowledge’s business supports organizations and professionals around the world with robust training solutions covering information technology and business skills content, including offerings that are authorized by technology vendors, certification authorities, and international bodies of knowledge.
All organizations, both large and small, increasingly need skilled professionals in the advanced information technology and business skills domains, which represent the majority of students. These requirements are coupled with demands for multi-modal training delivery, ranging from classroom and virtual to on-demand.
In addition to organizations, Global Knowledge serves individual learners, who are increasingly seeking reskilling and upskilling training development. In Global Knowledge’s 2019 IT Skills & Salary Report, survey respondents indicated that having a fulsome training learning path was more important than salary in choosing to remain with their employer.
Our Approach
Global Knowledge has observed that training is a key contributor in helping companies create a sustainable competitive advantage. Technology and business processes are essential components of the organizational value chain, driving demand for professionals with skillsets in these areas. Global Knowledge’s training curricula and delivery capabilities help its corporate customers develop these skills internally. While technology and business processes are often at the center of the organizational value chain, those capabilities are only as effective as the people trained to use them.
In an increasingly digital economy, skills have become the foundational currency for differentiated value, and Global Knowledge helps customers succeed by providing technology-based learning solutions to enhance their competitive advantage. Global Knowledge provides tailored training and offers industry recognized approaches based on individual customer needs, and leverages both proprietary delivery capabilities and partner networks to provide comprehensive training. With its global reach, strong industry
 
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partnerships, and industry recognized subject matter experts, Global Knowledge uses proprietary technology to ensure reliable fulfillment of customer training programs regardless of size, location, or technology topic.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Global Knowledge accelerated its digital transition by offering its entire classroom course catalogue in a virtual modality. This was facilitated by the fact that Global Knowledge’s virtual offering and infrastructure was a core delivery capability prior to the pandemic.
Additionally, in 2020, we introduced multi-level subscription offerings available for delivery in instructor-led and on-demand training environments. These subscriptions address various skills segments with custom bundles of vendor-certified and proprietary courses. Global Knowledge had a subscription offering prior to 2020, though it was not a focus area.
Global Knowledge’s on-demand training models make skills development training accessible to learners and organizations in real time. This allows Global Knowledge’s students to access training at their convenience, and in disparate time increments, instead of during specific class times. Global Knowledge’s deep, collaborative partnerships with key technology providers and certification bodies ensure organizations and learners have access to the most current, highest quality content in the market.
Market and Competitive Trends
The worldwide IT education market is expected to grow at approximately 5% per annum to $22 billion by 2022 and is supported by the following trends:

Rapid innovation requiring IT professionals to enhance their skill set to remain current on technologies;

Transition towards new business models oriented around big data, cloud, cybersecurity, mobility, and digital commerce, creating demand for new job roles and associated certifications;

Increasing the value of corporate training and staff development for multinational corporations in a highly competitive marketplace, further amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic;

IT vendors increasingly viewing end-user training in their products as a key future revenue driver;

Corporations consolidating training vendors to improve costs and synchronize content and administration; and,

Increased expectations that ongoing training and skills development programs be available, as a fundamental employee benefit.
Global Knowledge’s platform focuses on the professions, industries and topics where skills gaps present the largest threat to business success. Global Knowledge has partnered with corporate technology teams around the world, with a customer base including over 70% of Fortune 1000 companies. Global Knowledge helps to identify major projects where success is dependent on skilled teams and work with companies to customize scalable training programs to suit.
Global Knowledge sees continued opportunity to grow this approach, in partnership with Skillsoft, by expanding to adjacent segments:

Information technology roles related to analytics, data management, and application development;

Business functions where technology has disrupted how job tasks are accomplished, such as Marketing, Finance, Operations, etc.;

Technology manufacturing and integration companies whose sales functions require an increasing amount of technology understanding to appropriately identify and process sales opportunities;

Topic areas related to technologies and certifications beyond its current portfolio; and,

Additional markets beyond Global Knowledge’s current geographic focus areas.
 
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Competitive Strengths
Global Knowledge’s competitive landscape is highly fragmented and includes pure-play training companies, in-house training teams, direct-to-consumer technology providers and integrators, business consulting firms, and numerous free and fee-based online providers. Most of these providers tend to specialize either by content or delivery format.
Global Knowledge’s focus is to offer key technology and business skills content with flexibility on format. This allows Global Knowledge to address multiple segments, from just-in-time on-demand content for individuals, to team-oriented online training, or alternatively, customized training programs that simulate both the individual and team in a client environment.
We believe Global Knowledge’s ability to provide training for both authorized and non-authorized content across all modalities is superior compared to its peers and provides Global Knowledge a significant competitive advantage. In addition, Global Knowledge’s flexible delivery model provides superior learning retention, choice, and convenience for its customers and is a defining characteristic when customers select Global Knowledge’s product and services.
Training Capabilities
Global Knowledge offers a broad suite of virtual and on-demand subscription-based services, paired with in-person optionality, which enables customizable learning programs for its customers. Global Knowledge provides more than 2,500 courses annually across a range of subject areas, including analytics and data management, application development, cloud computing, cybersecurity, leadership and business, networking and virtualization. Global Knowledge also offers vendor-specific training for Amazon Web Services (AWS), Cisco, Citrix, IBM, Microsoft, Red Hat, VMware, and other vendor technologies and certifications.
Global Knowledge offers over 750 on-demand courses, which are self-paced training courses best suited for entry-level technology professionals. These courses are typically offered at a lower price point and target foundational level learners. An online introductory course can be as short as one hour in length while academy offerings can be as long as 125 hours in length. On-demand courses generally consist of video, broken into multiple modules consisting of two to five minute clips on specific topics, presented by a subject matter expert.
Global Knowledge offers over 2,000 instructor-led virtual courses across a wide range of IT topics and technologies. These courses are synchronous, live courses held online allowing for interactive, responsive instruction with no travel/accommodation required and can scale to hundreds of students simultaneously.
The Classroom segment is comprised of instructor-led training provided in a Global Knowledge facility, rented facility, or client site and is available in more than 150 classroom locations across North America. Classroom training includes hands-on instruction with a subject matter expert and an established schedule. Global Knowledge offers 100% of our instructor-led training courses in a virtual modality and are actively investing in partnerships for on-demand classes to augment our course offerings.
Validation of training delivery excellence
Global Knowledge has over 30 global partnerships with access to authorized vendor and certification training, as well as technology and business skills training. Global Knowledge is the largest training partner for AWS, Cisco, IBM, Microsoft, VMware, and many other IT vendors. These relationships have been in place for over a decade on average, and Global Knowledge has often been awarded “Training Partner of the Year” awards from its vendor partners. Global Knowledge continues to add new partners as vendors mature to a certain size or become recognized as “high growth potential” by Global Knowledge’s product management team. As an established leader in the professional IT training space, Global Knowledge is a highly attractive partner to technology vendors because of its global footprint, and established relationships with technology buyers. Global Knowledge’s expansive geographic reach maximizes consistent delivery of IT vendor product skills globally, and enables IT vendors to reach customers with whom they would
 
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otherwise fail to connect. Global Knowledge also works closely with its vendor partners to identify market demand by soliciting customer feedback, which is then used to produce or help refine Global Knowledge’s training content.
Delivery formats
Global Knowledge’s content is delivered through three modalities: (1) “virtual” or synchronous instructor-led live online classes; (2) “classroom” or synchronous in-person instructor-led classes provided in Global Knowledge operated training centers, rented facilities, or at the client site; and (3) “on-demand” or asynchronous learning through self-paced training courses, at a lower price point and usually best suited for entry-level professionals. Many customers find value in configuring a blended training program that uses a combination of these modalities in order to suit their individual skills development requirements.
This content can be purchased via Global Knowledge’s e-commerce website, its channel partner resellers or its direct sales teams.
Dedicated / private group training
Customers can leverage Global Knowledge’s private group training (onsite) capabilities. These customer-specific dedicated events possess all of the benefits of traditional instructor-led training including expert engagement, structure, and peer-to-peer interaction. However, instead of mixing participants from a variety of companies and industries, all students in the course are co-workers who often share similar goals and responsibilities. This approach provides an environment geared toward a team’s specific needs. Discussion and content can be tailored to the customer, allowing internal company information to be integrated seamlessly into the training program.
Customers with specific content needs can request a combination of multiple courses or specify particular modules to be covered to accommodate their needs.
Systems of Engagement
Global Knowledge customers’ primary interface is within Global Knowledge’s digital ecosystem, even when they utilize traditional classroom learning. Through this digital interface, customers manage enrollments, attend live online events, consume content, perform hands-on exercises, and interact with peers and instructors. Not only does this enable efficient fulfillment of the various deliverables related to training, it also provides valuable data regarding the training experience. This data, in turn, provides performance feedback that allows Global Knowledge to enhance its offerings for current and future training.
Development Efforts
Global Knowledge’s business is transitioning from a course-by-course model to a subscription model. Global Knowledge recently launched two enhanced, virtual and on-demand subscription platforms to supplement its existing digital offerings. Develop (develop.com) a web-based offering launched in April 2020, targets entry-level IT professionals and the broader business skills market, delivering on-demand non-authorized content. Secondly, GK Polaris which launched in May 2020 in North America, targets a broad spectrum of customers (entry level through expert) through virtual and on-demand courses with both authorized and non-authorized content. GK Polaris launched in European, Middle East and African (“EMEA”) offices in the second half of 2020. GK Polaris solidifies Global Knowledge’s transition from a transactional model to a recurring revenue model and has dramatically increased its subscription revenues as a percentage of combined sales since its inception. For the three months ended January 1, 2021, global subscription sales made up 5.9% of total sales as compared to 2.8% in the same period in the prior year.
In recent years, new competitors such as Pluralsight have emerged at a lower price point, offering non-vendor-authorized content largely through an on-demand modality. This has led to some reallocation of training budgets from classroom training to on-demand training. Global Knowledge continues to bolster its on-demand offerings, as well as leveraging the creation of Develop, which provides an alternative to these lower priced offerings. GK Polaris provides a subscription-based option to address an entire spectrum of training needs at a more economical price point.
 
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Blue Chip Customer Base
Global Knowledge’s customers provide training to over 210,000 corporate professionals across 25,000 sessions per annum with a blue-chip client base representing more than 70% of Fortune 1000 companies and numerous governmental customers. Global Knowledge has a low customer concentration, with the top 50 customers in North America and EMEA representing 26% and 35% of North America and EMEA revenues, respectively. Most of Global Knowledge’s top 50 customers globally have been customers for well over 10 years, with limited customer churn as customers are predominantly large corporations and governments with an ongoing need for IT training, which is core to their human capital strategy. Global Knowledge had no customer that represented more than 2% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Seasonality
Global Knowledge typically enters into a higher percentage of agreements with new customers, as well as renewal agreements with existing customers, during the last month of the quarter. As a result, fiscal quarter-ends (i.e., December, March, June, and September) usually see spikes in revenues, related to training budget and budget deployment patterns typical in the software industry. In addition, Global Knowledge typically experiences low revenue levels during the summer months due to vacation activity mainly in Europe and Canada and during the Ramadan holiday in the Middle East.
Human Capital Resources
Global Knowledge employed 833 employees as of December 2020. Global Knowledge’s operations are split between North America and EMEA. Previously, Global Knowledge had retained two corporate headquarters including the North American headquarters in Cary, North Carolina and the EMEA headquarters in Wokingham, England. In 2020, Global Knowledge commenced the transition towards a single global headquarters in Cary, North Carolina with a layer of EMEA executive employees removed for its organizational structure and the EMEA country leaders directly reporting to its Chief Executive Officer.
Global Knowledge also deploys a network of over 600 instructors, of which approximately 100 are in-house employees, most of which have been training students with Global Knowledge over 15 years. Global Knowledge has a leading instructor network; over 95% of our customers report high customer satisfaction ratings leading to, on average, over 90% repeat customers for Global Knowledge’s top 100 customers for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Global Knowledge tracks several non-GAAP metrics that it believes are key financial measures of its success. Non-GAAP measures are frequently used by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties in their evaluation of companies comparable to Global Knowledge, many of which present non-GAAP measures when reporting their results. These measures can be useful in evaluating Global Knowledge’s performance against its peer companies because Global Knowledge believes the measures provide users with valuable insight into key components of U.S. GAAP financial disclosures. For example, a company with higher U.S. GAAP net income may not be as appealing to investors if its net income is more heavily comprised of gains on asset sales. Likewise, excluding the effects of interest income and expense moderates the impact of a company’s capital structure on its performance. However, non-GAAP measures have limitations as an analytical tool. Because not all companies use identical calculations, Global Knowledge’s presentation of non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. They are not presentations made in accordance with U.S. GAAP, are not measures of financial condition or liquidity, and should not be considered as an alternative to profit or loss for the period determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP or operating cash flows determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As a result, these performance measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute analysis for, results of operations as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
 
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EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are used by management, investors, and other interested parties to assess Global Knowledge’s operating performance. For example, a measure similar to Adjusted EBITDA is required by the lenders under Global Knowledge’s credit agreements. Global Knowledge defines these non-GAAP measures as follows:
EBITDA.   Represents net income plus or minus net interest, plus provision for income taxes, depreciation, and amortization, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets.
Adjusted EBITDA.   Represents EBITDA plus primarily non-cash items and non-recurring items that Global Knowledge considers useful to exclude in assessing its operating performance (e.g., restructuring charges, recapitalization and transaction-related costs, net foreign currency impact and other net gains and losses and integration and migration related expenses).
Free Cash Flow
Global Knowledge defines free cash flow as net cash provided by (used in) operating activities less capital expenditures. Global Knowledge considers free cash flow to be important because it measures the amount of cash it spends or generates and reflects changes in its working capital.
Reconciliations
The following tables provide reconciliations of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures.
Year
Ended
January 1,
2021
Fiscal Year
Ended
October 2,
2020
Fiscal Year
Ended
September 27,
2019
(in thousands)
Non-GAAP Financial Measures – EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Free Cash Flow
Net loss
$ (109,761) $ (101,358) $ (26,299)
Interest expense, net
31,750 27,455 25,489
Provision for income taxes
1,016 271 28
Depreciation and amortization
13,703 15,598 23,479
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets
67,432 67,432
EBITDA
4,140 9,398 22,697
Plus: Non-recurring retention and consulting costs
2,304 2,464 164
Plus: Recapitalization and transaction-related costs
4,274 2,732 1,378
Plus: Restructuring and contract terminations
4,841 5,028 4,982
Plus: Integration and migration related expenses
130 728 3,348
Plus: Foreign currency loss
712 1,195 287
Plus: Other add backs
1,858 1,045 1,708
Adjusted EBITDA
$ 18,259 $ 22,590 $ 34,564
Net Cash provided by (used in) operating activities
$ 6,020 $ 3,021 $ (19,056)
Less: Capital expenditures
(4,102) (3,739) (3,276)
Free cash flow
$ 1,918 $ (718) $ (22,332)
 
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Fiscal Quarter
Ended
January 1,
2021
Fiscal Quarter
Ended
December 27,
2019
(in thousands)
Non-GAAP Financial Measures – EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Free Cash Flow
Net loss
$ (11,902) $ (4,559)
Interest expense, net
10,709 6,415
Provision for income taxes
801 1,116
Depreciation and amortization
3,023 4,919
EBITDA
2,631 7,891
Plus: Non-recurring retention and consulting costs
160
Plus: Recapitalization and transaction-related costs
1,642 100
Plus: Restructuring and contract terminations
338 525
Plus: Integration and migration related expenses
40 638
Plus: Foreign currency (gain) loss
(192) 291
Plus: Other add backs
1,388 574
Adjusted EBITDA
$ 5,847 $ 10,179
Net Cash used in operating activities
$ (1,167) $ (4,088)
Less: Capital expenditures
(796) (433)
Free cash flow
$ (1,963) $ (4,521)
Key Performance Metrics
Global Knowledge uses key performance metrics to help evaluate its performance and make strategic decisions. Additionally, Global Knowledge believes these metrics are useful as a supplement to investors in evaluating its ongoing operational performance and trends. These key performance metrics are not based on any standardized methodology prescribed by GAAP and are not necessarily comparable to similarly-titled metrics presented by other companies.
Annualized Recurring Revenue
Annualized Recurring Revenue (“ARR”). Represents the annualized recurring value of all active subscription contracts at the end of a reporting period. Global Knowledge believes ARR is useful for assessing the performance of its recurring subscription revenue base and identifying trends affecting its business.
Order Intake
Order Intake. Order Intake in any particular period represents orders received during that period and reflects (i) training events, products and services, (ii) subscription sales to new customers and (iii) subscription renewals, upgrades, churn, and downgrades to existing customers. Order Intake generally represents a customer’s obligation to participate in a training event(s) or acquire training products or services. Revenue is recognized for Order Intake once the training event has occurred or the product or service has been provided and, for the subscription business, revenue is recognized for such Order Intake over the following 12 months. Global Knowledge uses Order Intake to measure and monitor current period business activity with respect to its ability to sell training services and subscriptions.
 
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The following table summarizes our key performance metrics for the periods shown.
Year
Ended
January 1,
2021
Fiscal Year
Ended
October 2,
2020
Fiscal Year
Ended
September 27,
2019
Key Performance Metrics
(in thousands)
Annualized Recurring Revenue (“ARR”)
$ 12,273 $ 12,514 $ 8,870
Order Intake
$ 210,596 $ 224,786 $ 291,127
Fiscal Quarter
Ended
January 1,
2021
Fiscal Quarter
Ended
December 27,
2019
Key Performance Metrics
(in thousands)
Annualized Recurring Revenue (“ARR”)
$ 12,273 $ 8,113
Order Intake
$ 54,496 $ 68,685
 
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SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE
The following table contains selected historical financial data for Global Knowledge as of and for the fiscal years ended October 2, 2020 and September 27, 2019 and the fiscal quarters ended January 1, 2021 and December 27, 2019. Such data has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of Global Knowledge for the fiscal years and unaudited consolidated interim financial statements for the fiscal quarters, which are included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. The information below is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the sections entitled “Information About Global Knowledge” and “Global Knowledge’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Global Knowledge’s consolidated financial statements, and the notes and schedules related thereto, which are included elsewhere in this joint proxy statement/prospectus. You should not assume the results of operations for past periods indicate results for any future period. All amounts are in U.S. dollars.
Fiscal Year Ended
October 2, 2020
September 27, 2019
(in thousands)
Statement of Operations And Comprehensive Loss Data:
Revenue
$ 208,535 $ 260,165
Cost of revenue
116,203 139,459
Gross margin
92,332 120,706
Total operating expenses
164,636 121,988
Loss from operations
(72,304) (1,282)
Interest expense
(27,455) (25,489)
Other (expense) income, net
(1,328) 500
Loss before income taxes
(101,087) (26,271)
Income tax expense
(271) (28)
Net Loss
$ (101,358) $ (26,299)
Fiscal Quarter Ended
January 1, 2021
December 27, 2019
(in thousands)
Statement of Operations And Comprehensive Loss Data:
Revenue
$ 49,336 $ 68,222
Cost of revenue
24,960 36,698
Gross margin
24,376 31,524
Total operating expenses
23,814 28,268
Income from operations
562 3,256
Interest expense
(10,709) (6,415)
Other expense, net
(954) (284)
Loss before income taxes
(11,101) (3,443)
Income tax expense
(801) (1,116)
Net Loss
$ (11,902) $ (4,559)
 
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As of
January 1, 2021
October 2, 2020
September 27, 2019
(in thousands)
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash
$ 17,808 $ 19,836 $ 9,621
Total assets
243,440 240,958 314,244
Total liabilities
379,192 364,551 344,439
Total stockholder’s deficit
(135,752) (123,593) (30,195)
Fiscal Year Ended
October 2, 2020
September 27, 2019
(in thousands)
Statement of Cash Flow Data:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
$ 3,021 $ (19,056)
Net cash used in investing activities
(3,828) (800)
Net cash provided by financing activities
10,562 23,935
Fiscal Quarter Ended
January 1, 2021
December 27, 2019
(in thousands)
Statement of Cash Flow Data:
Net cash used in operating activities
$ (1,167) $ (4,088)
Net cash used in investing activities
(796) (522)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(752) 10,830
 
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GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE’S MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of Albert DE Holdings, Inc., and Subsidiaries should be read together with our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended October 2, 2020 and September 27, 2019, together with the related notes thereto, included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. The discussion and analysis should also be read together with the section entitled “Information About Global Knowledge”, the pro forma financial information as of and for the year ended September 30, 2020 (see “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information”). The following discussion contains forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ significantly from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause future results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements; Market, Ranking and Other Industry Data.”
Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
Global Knowledge generates revenue from virtual, in-classroom, and on-demand training solutions in information technology geared at foundational, practitioner and expert information technology professionals. Global Knowledge’s digital and in-classroom learning solutions provide enterprises, government agencies, educational institutions, and individual customers a broad selection of customizable courses to meet their technology and development needs. Global Knowledge derives the majority of its revenue from the sale of classroom opportunities in both in-person and virtual environments. Classroom training, including virtual offerings, are first scheduled, then delivered later, with revenue realized on the delivery date. Specifically, orders that have been received are generally invoiced shortly before or after the contracted training date. Revenue is recognized when the training class has been completed in the accounting period in which the services are rendered. Historically, learning solutions were provided in live classroom formats, but over the past few years, and considering recent macroeconomic trends mainly associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, Global Knowledge has shifted the in-classroom training to be available virtually for 100% of the in-classroom offerings on a global basis. Global Knowledge anticipates the virtual training solutions will make up the majority of its sales even after the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic lessen. However, Global Knowledge anticipates that a portion of virtual training offerings will return to classroom delivery for a number of enterprise and government customers after the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic lessen. In 2020, Global Knowledge commenced the transition to a subscription-based delivery system, whereby enterprises can purchase bulk subscriptions for employees across multiple disciplines and receive access to a library of instructor-led and on-demand courses based on their specific needs. Subscriptions typically are 12 months in length and are recorded as deferred revenue at the time the subscription is activated, with revenue recognized pro rata across the subscription period. Historically, with classroom delivered courses, Global Knowledge experienced fluctuations in enrollment as demand for new skills shifted. In addition, historically there has been variability in vendor course development and offerings that impacted course registration and ultimately revenues. As Global Knowledge moves toward a subscription model that provides a customizable learning experience, Global Knowledge expects to mitigate those previous fluctuations by understanding the skills of students and providing customizable solutions that cater to students’ on-going growth as information technology professionals.
Global Knowledge also serves as a reseller of training services for certain third-party technology providers (“reseller partners”). Under these reseller arrangements, Global Knowledge sells training to customers, but the courses are delivered directly by the reseller partners. Global Knowledge only incurs costs associated with sales and marketing, course registration and cash collection and processing. The reseller partner is responsible for the course content, schedule creation, facilities, instructors and overall quality. Revenues recognized under reseller agreements are recorded net of the fee paid to the reseller partner for the course delivery. Reseller revenue for classroom and virtual training are recognized once the service is delivered, and if this service spans several hours/days, it is recognized proportionally across the length of the agreement. With respect to the arrangements in which Global Knowledge is reselling digital learning courses, revenue is recognized at the point of sale to the customer as there is no further activity required by Global Knowledge.
 
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Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit and Gross Margin
Cost of revenue includes instructor fees, consulting fees, course materials, facilities costs, equipment costs, logistics costs and overhead costs associated with class and instructor scheduling, and course material ordering and access.
Gross profit, or revenue less cost of revenue, and gross profit as a percentage of revenue, have been and will continue to be affected by various factors, including the modality of the training customers purchase, mix of subscriptions sold, the class fill rate, the cost of instructor fees, the cost of course materials, and the number of facilities Global Knowledge elects to remain open to provide live, in-classroom training.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses are classified as sales and marketing, product development, amortization of identifiable intangible assets, goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges, restructuring charges, and general and administrative. For each of these categories, the largest component is employee-related costs, which include salaries and bonuses, employee benefit costs, and contract labor.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee compensation costs of Global Knowledge’s sales and marketing employees, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and commissions. Other sales and marketing costs include advertising, outsourcing and consulting fees, and travel.
Product Development
Product development costs consist principally of research and development activities including personnel costs, consulting services, and amortization of capitalized curriculum development costs.
Amortization of Identifiable Intangible Assets
Amortization of identifiable intangible assets costs consist principally of amortization expense related to Global Knowledge’s customer relationships intangible assets.
Goodwill and Intangible Asset Impairment
Goodwill is recognized as an asset representing the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized. Global Knowledge tests goodwill and intangible assets for impairment annually as of the end of the fiscal year, or when events or changes in circumstances indicate evidence a potential impairment exists. The impairment testing for goodwill and intangible assets is conducted at the reporting unit level. Global Knowledge’s reporting units are based on geographic locations and include the United States, Canada, Europe, and Middle East and Africa (“MEA”). A quantitative analysis is performed by comparing the carrying value to the fair value of the reporting unit. The fair value of each reporting unit is determined using a discounted cash flows model as well as guideline public companies. If the fair value is determined to be less than the carrying value, an impairment charge is recorded for the reporting unit.
Restructuring charges
Restructuring charges consist principally of nonrecurring reorganization activities including personnel costs, lease obligations associated with classroom and administrative facilities no longer being utilized, professional fees, consulting services, and capital equipment write-off.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses consist of personnel costs and related expenses for executive, finance, legal, people operations, and administrative personnel, including salaries, benefits, contract labor, and bonuses. Other expenses include rent expenses, software license and maintenance, hardware maintenance, and depreciation.
 
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Nonoperating Income (Expense)
Nonoperating income (expense) consists primarily of interest expense on the credit facilities and other short-term debt, and gains or losses on foreign currency transactions.
The following tables set forth certain items from Global Knowledge’s Results of Operations and such data as a percentage of revenue for the periods indicated:
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Fiscal Quarter Ended January 1, 2021 to the Fiscal Quarter Ended December 27, 2019
Fiscal Quarter Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)
January 1, 2021
December 27, 2019
Revenue
$ 49,336 100% $ 68,222 100%
Cost of revenue
24,960 51% 36,698 54%
Gross profit
24,376 49% 31,524 46%
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing
10,447 21% 13,030 19%
General and administrative
10,476 21% 10,478 15%
Product development
701 1% 1,281 2%
Amortization of intangible assets
1,812 4% 2,156 3%
Restructuring charges
378 1% 1,323 2%
Total operating expenses
23,814 48% 28,268 41%
Income from operations
562 1% 3,256 5%
Other expense:
Interest expense
(10,709) -22% (6,415) -9%
Other expense, net
(954) -2% (284) 0%
Loss before income taxes
(11,101) -23% (3,443) -5%
Income tax expense
(801) -2% (1,116) -2%
Net loss
$ (11,902) -24% $ (4,559) -7%
Revenue
The following table sets forth Global Knowledge’s revenues by geographic region for the periods indicated:
Fiscal Quarter Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)
January 1,
2021
December 27,
2019
Change $
Change %
United States
$ 15,785 $ 25,971 $ (10,186) -39%
Canada
5,063 8,043 (2,980) -37%
Europe
24,186 29,040 (4,854) -17%
Middle East and Africa
4,302 5,168 (886) -17%
Total revenues
$ 49,336 $ 68,222 $ (18,886) -28%
 
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The following table sets forth revenues by modality for the period indicated:
Fiscal Quarter Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)
January 1,
2021
December 27,
2019
Change $
Change %
Virtual and on-demand
$ 45,407 $ 27,978 $ 17,429 62%
Classroom and all other
11,457 49,898 (38,441) -77%
Reseller fees
(7,528) (9,654) 2,126 22%
Total revenue
$ 49,336 $ 68,222 $ (18,886) -28%
The following table sets forth revenues by subscriptions and all other delivery types for the period indicated:
Fiscal Quarter Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)
January 1,
2021
December 27,
2019
Change $
Change %
Subscriptions
$ 2,897 $ 1,903 $ 994 52%
All other
53,967 75,973 (22,006) -29%
Reseller fees
(7,528) (9,654) 2,126 22%
Total revenue
$ 49,336 $ 68,222 $ (18,886) -28%
Net revenue for the fiscal quarter ended January 1, 2021 decreased by $18.9 million, or 28% compared to the fiscal quarter ended December 27, 2019. The decrease relates primarily to the macroeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, a global health crisis, and to a lesser extent, competition from digital providers, each reducing overall bookings of classroom courses. In efforts to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, federal, provincial, state and local authorities implemented and continue to update safety measures, including the closure of businesses deemed “non-essential”, social distancing, international border closures, and travel restrictions. In an attempt to offset the negative effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on Global Knowledge’s revenue base, in March and April 2020, Global Knowledge shifted classroom capabilities such that essentially all course offerings could be virtually delivered to global customers. Most of Global Knowledge’s classroom customers accepted the move to virtual training. However, a minority of customers severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic or those that preferred to wait for classroom training to return, elected to defer training until a later date once the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic had lessened. As a result of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the shift from classroom to virtual training, revenue for virtual an on-demand services increased $17.4 million, or 62% for the fiscal quarter ended January 1, 2021 compared to the fiscal quarter ended December 27, 2019. Conversely, classroom training revenue decreased $38.4 million, or 77% for the fiscal quarter ended January 1, 2021 compared to the same period of the previous fiscal year. Since the COVID-19 pandemic began spreading across Europe and North America in early 2020, Global Knowledge has been successful convincing business and government customers, some initially reluctant, to move their classroom training to virtual training. Even though 100% of Global Knowledge’s live classroom training classes are now offered virtually, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact business operations as customers elect to reduce discretional spending by deferring technology training to a future date when the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on customers’ businesses are lessened.
In May 2020, Global Knowledge introduced a new line of subscription offerings (“GK Polaris”) to provide technology professionals the ability to train at any place, at any time. The GK Polaris subscription offering provides customers both live and on-demand training options across a wide range of technology, business, and leadership topics. Following the introduction of the new subscription products in the second half of fiscal 2020, subscription revenue increased $1.0 million, or 52% for the fiscal quarter ended January 1, 2021 compared to the fiscal quarter ended December 27, 2019. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Global Knowledge had been slow to change its delivery strategy from classroom training to lower price digital (virtual and on-demand) training alternatives and because of that, market share was lost to lower cost, digital
 
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competitors. Even though Global Knowledge believes the new subscription strategy provides a more competitive offering at a lower price point, market share may continue to be lost to more established digital competitors. In addition to the decrease in revenue due to the COVID-19 pandemic and competition from digital competitors, Global Knowledge believes that the revenues from key training partners such as Cisco and IBM were also negatively impacted by the vendors’ own product strategy underperforming in the market.
Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates resulted in a $1.5 million, or 2.1% favorable impact in revenue quarter over quarter.
U.S. revenue declined $10.2 million, or 39%, Canada revenue declined $3.0 million, or 37%, Europe revenue declined $4.9 million, or 17% and Middle East and Africa revenue declined $0.9 million, or 17% quarter-over-quarter. As described above, these decreases all primarily relate to the macroeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, a global health crisis, and competition from digital providers reducing overall bookings especially of live classroom courses.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue primarily consists of, courseware licensing, instructor fees (both employee and third-party contractors), rental expenses for facilities and other expenses related to course delivery and instruction.
The table below provides details regarding the changes in components of cost of revenue.
Fiscal Quarter Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)
January 1,
2021
December 27,
2019
Change $
Change %
Course materials
$ 7,624 $ 10,211 $ (2,587) -25%
Contract labor
6,512 11,129 (4,617) -41%
Salaries and benefits
5,943 6,816 (873) -13%
Facilities
3,006 4,357 (1,351) -31%
Travel
194 1,898 (1,704) -90%
Professional fees
905 612 293 48%
Depreciation
361 434 (73) -17%
Other
415 1,241 (826) -67%
Total cost of revenue
$ 24,960 $ 36,698 $ (11,738) -32%
Cost of revenue declined 32% mainly driven by the lower revenue levels due to the macroeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Revenue for the fiscal quarter ended January 1, 2021 decreased by 28% when compared to the fiscal quarter ended December 27, 2019. Most of Global Knowledge’s costs associated with delivering training classes are variable and will fluctuate with the change in revenue. For example, contract instructor costs decreased $4.6 million, as the majority of Global Knowledge’s instructors are contracted through third party agreements and charges are only incurred for training events that are actually conducted. Course materials decreased $2.6 million, or 25%, due to the decrease in volume of courseware purchased during the fiscal quarter. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a large majority of Global Knowledge’s classroom training has been delivered virtually. As a result, there was a $1.7 million, or 90%, decrease in direct travel costs incurred related to positioning instructors to training event locations. Leased facility costs decreased $1.4 million, or 31%, as a direct result of management’s strategy to exit facility leases early when possible and not renewing facility leases upon expiration.
 
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Operating Expenses
The following table sets forth Global Knowledge’s operating expenses for the period indicated.
Fiscal Quarter Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)
January 1,
2021
December 27,
2019
Change $
Change %
Sales and marketing
$ 10,447 $ 13,030 $ (2,583) -20%
General and administrative
10,476 10,478 (2) 0%
Product development
701 1,281 (580) -45%
Amortization of intangible assets
1,812 2,156 (344) -16%
Restructuring charges
378 1,323 (945) -71%
Total operating expenses
$ 23,814 $ 28,268 $ (4,454) -16%
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses consist of employee salaries and benefits, commissions, travel expenses, consulting costs, and other fringe benefits.
The table below provides details regarding the changes in components of sales and marketing expenses.
Fiscal Quarter Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)
January 1,
2021
December 27,
2019
Change $
Change %
Salaries and benefits
$ 7,771 $ 8,806 $ (1,035) -12%
Commissions
970 2,074 (1,104) -53%
Advertising and marketing
1,010 896 114 13%
Professional fees
506 812 (306) -38%
Travel
17 244 (227) -93%
Other
173 198 (25) -13%
Total sales and marketing
$ 10,447 $ 13,030 $ (2,583) -20%
The reduction in sales and marketing expenses was primarily composed of personnel related expense (salaries, fringe benefits and payroll taxes) declining $1.0 million and sales commissions declining $1.1 million due to a reduction in sales personnel, partially associated with offshoring certain sales roles, and the overall reduction in revenue due largely to the COVID-19 pandemic. Sales personnel headcount decreased from 408 at December 27, 2019 to 349 at January 1, 2021. Travel expenses decreased $0.2 million as sales personnel were restricted from traveling in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee salaries and benefits for executive, finance, and other administrative personnel. Additionally, this also includes expenses for administrative facilities, depreciation, recruiting and other consulting fees.
The table below provides details regarding the changes in components of general and administrative expenses.
 
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Fiscal Quarter Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)
January 1,
2021
December 27,
2019
Change $
Change %
Salaries and benefits
$ 3,679 $ 3,998 $ (319) -8%
Professional fees
3,139 2,162 977 45%
Depreciation
648 1,472 (824) -56%
Facilities
465 813 (348) -43%
Repair and maintenance
600 749 (149) -20%
Contract Labor
695 98 597 609%
Other
1,250 1,186 64 5%
Total general and administrative
$ 10,476 $ 10,478 $ (2) 0%
Overall, general and administrative expenses remained consistent for the quarters ended January 1, 2021 and December 27, 2019. Professional fees increased $1.0 million, or 45%. The professional fees incurred were associated with capital structure refinancing activities, a series of forbearance agreements entered into since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Global Knowledge Merger Agreement and other related agreements associated with the merger of Global Knowledge with Churchill (see “ —  Liquidity and Capital Resources”). Offsetting the increase in professional fees, depreciation expense declined $0.8 million, or 56%, as projects capitalized in prior years were fully depreciated during calendar year 2020 and the spend on property and equipment in recent years has declined. The decrease in salary and benefits of $0.3 million was primarily offset by an increase in contract labor of $0.6 million. During the fiscal year ended September 27, 2019, Global Knowledge completed an outsourcing project that resulted in a reduction of back office personnel, the salaries savings from this project were mostly realized prior to the fiscal quarter ended December 27, 2019. Facilities costs declined $0.3 million, or 43%, due to Global Knowledge’s strategy to downsize or close corporate administrative offices.
Product Development
Product development expenses relate to capitalized labor associated with the implementation and design of new product offerings.
Fiscal Quarter Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)
January 1,
2021
December 27,
2019
Change $
Change %
Salaries and benefits
$ 222 $ 237 $ (15) -6%
Depreciation
200 849 (649) -76%
Other
279 195 84 43%
Total product development
$ 701 $ 1,281 $ (580) -45%
The reduction in product development was primarily driven by a reduction in the amortization for capitalized curriculum costs as these courses are nearing the end of their life cycle.
Amortization of Intangible Assets
Amortization of identifiable intangible assets costs consist principally of amortization expense related to customer relationships intangible assets. The reduction in amortization of intangible assets was primarily due to the intangible assets subject to amortization being at the end of their useful lives.
 
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Restructuring
Global Knowledge enters into restructuring plans for its domestic and foreign operations as deemed appropriate. During the fiscal quarter ended December 27, 2019, Global Knowledge continued to incur restructuring charges associated with the reduction in personnel partially associated with offshoring certain roles in additional to the closure of underutilized facilities. During the fiscal quarter ended January 1, 2021, Global Knowledge continued to take necessary measures to further reduce its cost structure to offset the economic effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic by continuing the strategy to move classroom training to a live, virtual training modality and subscription-based products. For the fiscal quarter ended January 1, 2021, Global Knowledge incurred restructuring costs of $0.4 million, which were made up of $0.3 million in severance and retention costs and $0.1 million in facility costs as a direct result of the COVID-19 pandemic. For the fiscal quarter ended December 27, 2019, Global Knowledge incurred restructuring costs of $1.3 million, which were made up of $1.3 million in severance and retention costs and $0.1 million in facility costs.
Interest and other expenses
Interest and other expenses, net consists of interest expense, interest income, and other expenses. Interest expense was $10.7 million for the fiscal quarter ended January 1, 2021 compared to $6.4 million for the fiscal quarter ended December 27, 2019, which was a $4.3 million increase. The increase in interest expense incurred is due to an additional $15.5 million revolving credit facility entered into in November 2019 and additional amortization of debt issuance costs incurred in conjunction with the forbearance agreements.
Comparison of the Fiscal Year Ended October 2, 2020 to the Fiscal Year Ended September 27, 2019
Fiscal Year Ended
(in thousands, except percentages)
October 2, 2020
September 27, 2019
Revenue
$ 208,535 100% $ 260,165 100%
Cost of revenue
116,203 56% 139,459 54%
Gross profit
92,332 44% 120,706 46%
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing
44,093 21% 54,828 21%
General and administrative
34,204 16% 45,118 17%
Product development
3,064 1% 5,378 2%
Intangible assets impairment
7,879 4% 0%
Goodwill impairment
59,553 29% 0%
Amortization of intangible assets
7,623 4% 9,100 3%
Restructuring charges
8,220 4% 7,564 3%
Total operating expenses
164,636 79% 121,988 47%
Loss from operations
(72,304) -35% (1,282) 0%
Other (expense) income: